Tainoceratoidea

Belongs within: Nautilida.
Contains: Tainoceratidae, Rhiphaeoceratidae, Temnocheilus.

The most morphologically diverse of the nautilid superfamilies recognised by Kummel (1964) (and possibly paraphyletic to the other superfamilies), the Devonian to Triassic Tainoceratoidea included forms varying from tightly coiled to almost straight. Many species had prominent lateral ornamentation on the whorls such as ribs and/or nodes (e.g. Tainoceratidae) or lateral wings (Rutoceratidae).

Characteristics (from Kummel 1964): Straight to loosely coiled shells with depressed to quadrate (rarely compressed) whorl sections. Early forms with straight to loosely coiled conch bearing wings, spines, ribs, nodes or frills; later forms with more tightly coiled conch bearing ribs or nodes or both; some forms nearly smooth. Siphuncle generally near-ventral in early forms, variable in position (usually central) in later forms. Sutures with very shallow lobes on venter and flanks, annular lobe present in many forms.

<==Tainoceratoidea (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--TainoceratidaeK64
    |  `--RhiphaeoceratidaeK64
    `--Koninckioceratidae [Aktubonautilidae, Knightoceratinae, Koninckioceracea, Koninckoceratida]K64
         |--TemnocheilusH99
         |--Kummeloceras sibiricum Shimanskiy 1967K93
         |--Edaphoceras Hyatt 1884K64
         |    `--*E. niotense (Meek & Worthen 1873) [=Nautilus (Temnocheilus) niotensis]K64
         |--Millkoninckioceras Kummel 1963K64
         |    `--*M. konincki (Miller & Kemp 1947) [=Koninckioceras konincki]K64
         |--Valhallites Shimanskiy 1959K64
         |    `--*V. ornatus (Girty 1911) [=Endolobus ornatus]K64
         |--Koninckioceras Hyatt 1884 (n. d.) [=Koninckoceras (l. c.)]K64
         |    |--*K. ingens [=Nautilus ingens]H84
         |    `--K. implicatum [=Nautilus implicatus]H84
         |--Tylodiscoceras Miller & Collinson 1950K64
         |    |--*T. unicum Miller & Collinson 1950K64
         |    `--T. nosowiK64
         |--Lophoceras Hyatt 1893K64
         |    |--*L. pentagonum (Sowerby 1819) [=Nautilus pentagonus]K64
         |    |--L. regulus (Eichwald 1857)K93
         |    `--L. rossicum Shimanskiy 1957K93
         |--Endolobus Meek & Worthen 1865 (see below for synonymy)K64
         |    |--*E. spectabilis (Meek & Worthen 1860) (see below for synonymy)K64
         |    |--E. excavatum [=Nautilus excavatus]H84
         |    `--E. renfroae Miller & Youngquist 1949P68
         |--Knightoceras Miller & Owen 1934K64
         |    |--*K. missouriense Miller & Owen 1934K64
         |    |--K. abundumK64
         |    |--K. kempae Miller & Youngquist 1949P68
         |    |--K. oxylobatum Miller & Downs 1948P68
         |    `--K. pattoni Gordon 1957P68
         |--Foordiceras Hyatt 1893 [=Foordoceras (l. c.)]K64
         |    |--*F. goliathum (Waagen 1879) [=Nautilus goliathus]K64
         |    |--F. gregariumP68
         |    |--F. magnicostatumP68
         |    |--F. mammiferumP68
         |    |--F. ornatissimum Miller & Youngquist 1949P68
         |    `--F. shumardianum Girty 1908 [=Foordoceras (l. c.) shumardianum]P68
         |--Subvestinautilus Turner 1954H99
         |    |--*S. crassimarginatus (Foord 1900) (see below for synonymy)H99
         |    |--S. crateriformis (Foord 1900) (see below for synonymy)H99
         |    |--S. maritimus Shimansky 1967H99
         |    |--S. rector Shimansky 1967H99
         |    |--S. simulans Turner 1954H99
         |    `--S. znamenskianus (Tzwetaev 1898)H99
         `--Planetoceras Hyatt 1893H99
              |--*P. retardatum Hyatt 1893H99
              |--P. bellilineatum Miller, Dunbar & Condra 1933H99
              |--P. globatum (Sowerby 1824) [=Nautilus globatus, Coelonautilus globatus, N. (Temnocheilus) globatus]H99
              |--P. invenustum Shimansky 1967H99
              |--P. janischewskyi Shimansky 1967H99
              |--P. schartimiense (Janischevskyi 1900)H99
              `--P. tiltoni Miller, Dunbar & Condra 1933H99

Endolobus Meek & Worthen 1865 [incl. Aktubonautilus Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954, Heurekoceras Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954]^K64

*Endolobus spectabilis (Meek & Worthen 1860) [=Nautilus spectabilis; incl. N. (Endolobus) peramplus Meek & Worthen 1865]^K64

*Subvestinautilus crassimarginatus (Foord 1900) [=Vestinautilus crassimarginatus; incl. V. cariniferus var. triplicatus Foord 1900]^H99

Subvestinautilus crateriformis (Foord 1900) [=Vestinautilus crateriformis; incl. V. cariniferus var. magnicameratus Foord 1900]^H99

Tainoceratoidea [Encoilocerataceae, Hercoceracea, Hercoceratida, Koninckioceratida, Rhyticeratida, Riphaeocerataceae, Tainocerataceae, Tainoceratina, Temnocheilaceae, Temnocheilidae]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[H99] Histon, K. 1999. A revision of A. H. Foord’s monograph of Irish Carboniferous nautiloid cephalopods (1897–1901). Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 153: 63–129.

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K93] King, A. H. 1993. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 169–188. Chapman & Hall: London.

[K64] Kummel, B. 1964. Nautiloidea—Nautilida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K383–K457. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.