Belongs within: Laminata.
Contains: Phareicranaus, Santinezia, Holocranaus, Cranaus.
The Cranaidae are a group of harvestmen found primarily in northern South America, usually with a dense covering of dorsal tubercles on the pedipalps. Many genera in this family remain poorly defined and in need of revision.
Characters (from Pinto-da-Rocha & Kury 2007): Body length 6–16 mm, leg IV 21–95 mm long. Dorsum widest at area II or groove III; ocularium placed in miidle of prosoma, rounded and high, small-tuberculate or with two high spines; ozopores slitlike, one opening partially covered by tubercle of coxa II; area I divided, normally with one tubercle on each side; area II tuberculate; area III usually with two spines upward or backward; tergite I normally small-tuberculate, II small-tuberculate, III normally with two spines or small-tuberculate. Coxa IV small-tuberculate or with two tubercles or spines close to spiracular area; posterior margin of spiracular area sometimes with large unpaired apophyses. Segment I of chelicera with few tubercles or densely tuberculate. Pedipalps short and heavy or elongate and thin; usually dorsally coarsely tuberculate from trochanter to tibia; setal sockets of tibia longer than setae. Legs with few tubercles or spines; coxa IV tuberculate with short and straight external apophysis; femur IV straight or slightly S-curved; tarsal process strong, claws smooth or pectinate. Penis with stylus long and slender, straight with apex slightly swollen, ventral process of glans absent, dorsal process of glans rarely present; ventral plate oblique in relation to axis of truncus, usually rectangular and robust, sometimes guitar-shaped, apical border with V cleft or straight; with distal group of one to six setae on side, one to five median, usually no basal setae.
<==Cranaidae
| i. s.: Zannicranaus monoclonius Kury 2012A19
|--Heterocranaus Roewer 1913 [incl. Riveticranaus Roewer 1919, Miradorius Roewer 1923; Heterocranainae]K03
| |--*H. margaritipalpis (Simon 1879) [=Cranaus margaritipalpis]K03
| `--H. lutescens (Roewer 1919) [=*Riveticranaus lutescens, *Miradorius lutescens]K03
`--+--StygnicranainaeP-RK07
| |--Tryferos Roewer 1931K03
| | `--*T. elegans Roewer 1931K03
| `--Stygnicranaus Roewer 1913K03
| |--*S. abnormis Roewer 1913K03
| `--S. concolor Kury 1995K03
`--CranainaeP-RK07
|--PhareicranausK03
|--SantineziaK03
|--HolocranausK03
|--CranausK03
|--Carsevennia Roewer 1913K03
| `--*C. crassipalpis Roewer 1913K03
|--Metacranaus Roewer 1913K03
| `--*M. tricalcaris Roewer 1913K03
|--Ventrivomer Roewer 1913K03
| `--*V. ancyrophorus (Butler 1873) [=Gonyleptes ancyrophorus]K03
|--Ventrifurca Roewer 1913K03
| `--*V. albipustulata Roewer 1913K03
|--Ventripila Roewer 1917K03
| `--*V. marginata Roewer 1917K03
|--Allocranaus Roewer 1915K03
| `--*A. columbianus Roewer 1915K03
|--Bunicranaus Roewer 1913K03
| `--*B. simoni Roewer 1913K03
|--Homocranaus Roewer 1915K03
| `--*H. tetracalcar Roewer 1915K03
|--Acanthocranaus Roewer 1913K03
| `--*A. calcariger Roewer 1913 [=Neocranaus calcariger]K03
|--Paracranaus Roewer 1913K03
| `--*P. crassipalpis Roewer 1913 [=Paracranus (l. c.) crassipalpis]K03
|--Aguaytiella Goodnight & Goodnight 1943K03
| `--*A. maculata Goodnight & Goodnight 1943K03
|--Alausius Roewer 1932K03
| `--*A. mirus Roewer 1932K03
|--Angistrius Roewer 1932K03
| `--*A. abnormis Roewer 1932K03
|--Aucayacuella Avram 1983K03
| `--*A. bordoni Avram 1983 [=A. margaretae Avram & Soares 1983]K03
|--Balzabamba Mello-Leitão 1945K03
| `--*B. marmorata Mello-Leitão 1945K03
|--Baustomus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*B. macrospina Roewer 1932 [=B. macropina (l. c.)]K03
|--Bucayana Mello-Leitão 1942K03
| `--*B. bucayana Mello-Leitão 1942K03
|--Cayabeus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*C. perlatus Roewer 1932K03
|--Cenipa Goodnight & Goodnight 1943K03
| `--*C. nubila Goodnight & Goodnight 1943K03
|--Chetronus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*C. spiniger Roewer 1932K03
|--Clinocippus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*C. albater Roewer 1932K03
|--Comboyus Roewer 1943K03
| `--*C. albilineatus Roewer 1943K03
|--Cranaostygnus Caporiacco 1951 (n. d.)K03
| `--*C. marcuzzi Caporiacco 1951 (n. d.)K03
|--Digalistes Roewer 1932K03
| `--*D. signata Roewer 1932K03
|--Diptyonius Roewer 1932K03
| `--*D. striatus Roewer 1932K03
|--Guayaquiliana Mello-Leitão 1935K03
| `--*G. camposi Mello-Leitão 1935K03
|--Idomenta Roewer 1932K03
| `--*I. luteipalpis Roewer 1932K03
|--Kendima Roewer 1932K03
| `--*K. albiornata Roewer 1932K03
|--Ladantola Roewer 1932 [=Ladantolo (l. c.), Landantola (l. c.)]K03
| `--*L. aspersa Roewer 1932 [=Landantola (l. c.) aspersa]K03
|--Mecritta Roewer 1932K03
| `--*M. filipes Roewer 1932K03
|--Panalus Goodnight & Goodnight 1947K03
| `--*P. robustus Goodnight & Goodnight 1947K03
|--Parkocranaus Mello-Leitão 1949K03
| `--*P. bimaculatus Mello-Leitão 1949K03
|--Sibundoxia Roewer 1963K03
| `--*S. scripta Roewer 1963K03
|--Spirunius Roewer 1932K03
| `--*S. coxipunctus Roewer 1932K03
|--Stygnicranella Caporiacco 1951 (n. d.)K03
| `--*S. pizai Caporiacco 1951 (n. d.)K03
|--Tetracranaus Roewer 1963K03
| `--*T. zilchi Roewer 1963K03
|--Thaumatocranaus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*T. mirabilis Roewer 1932K03
|--Timotesa Roewer 1943K03
| `--*T. octomaculata Roewer 1943K03
|--Tripilatus Roewer 1932K03
| `--*T. elegans Roewer 1932K03
|--Ventrisudis Roewer 1963K03
| `--*V. mira Roewer 1963K03
|--Megacranaus Roewer 1913K03
| |--*M. pygoplus Roewer 1913K03
| `--M. areolatus Roewer 1932K03
|--Spinicranaus Roewer 1913K03
| |--*S. diabolicus (Simon 1879) [=Cranaus diabolicus]K03
| `--S. camposi (Mello-Leitão 1942) [=Nieblia camposi]K03
|--Microcranaus Roewer 1913K03
| |--*M. pustulatus Roewer 1913K03
| `--M. columbianus Roewer 1963K03
|--Angistrisoma Soares & Soares 1948K03, KA-Z11
| |--*A. fuscum Roewer 1932KA-Z11 [=A. fuscaK03]
| `--A. atroluteum Roewer 1932KA-Z11, K03 [=A. atroluteaK03]
|--Deriacrus Roewer 1932 [=Deriaeus (l. c.)]K03
| |--*D. simoni Roewer 1932 [=Demades woodii Sørensen in Roewer 1943 (n. n.)]K03
| `--D. marginatus Roewer 1963K03
|--Peripa Roewer 1925K03
| |--*P. clavipus Roewer 1925K03
| `--P. simplex Roewer 1932K03
|--Phalangodus Gervais 1842 [incl. Iquitosa Roewer 1943]K03
| |--*P. anacosmetus Gervais 1842 [incl. Allocranaus giganteus Mello-Leitão 1940]K03
| `--P. poecilis (Roewer 1943) [=*Iquitosa poecilis]K03
|--Puna Roewer 1925K03
| |--*P. festae Roewer 1925K03
| `--P. semicircularis Roewer 1932K03
|--Eucranaus Roewer 1913 [incl. Ikossimus Roewer 1932, Ikossemus (l. c.)]K03
| |--*E. reticulatus Roewer 1913K03
| |--E. fuscus (Roewer 1932) [=*Ikossimus fuscus]K03
| `--E. tenuipes (Roewer 1959) [=Ikossimus tenuipes]K03
|--Isocranaus Roewer 1915K03
| |--*I. obscurus Roewer 1915K03
| |--I. gorgonae Hirst 1926K03
| |--I. reticulatus Roewer 1959K03
| `--I. umbraticus Roewer 1959K03
`--Neocranaus Roewer 1913 [incl. Mitobatulina Mello-Leitão 1941]K03
|--*N. albiconspersus Roewer 1913K03
|--N. armatissimus (Mello-Leitão 1941) [=*Mitobatulina armatissima]K03
|--N. dybasi (Goodnight & Goodnight 1947) [=Rhopalocranaus dybasi]K03
`--N. magnus (Roewer 1932) [=Nieblia magna, Phareicranaus magnus]K03
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A19] Acosta, L. E. 2019. A relictual troglomorphic harvestman discovered in a volcanic cave of western Argentina: Otilioleptes marcelae, new genus, new species, and Otilioleptidae, new family (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptoidea). PLoS One 14 (10): e0223828.
[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.
[KA-Z11] Kury, A. B., & M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga. 2011. Addenda and corrigenda to the “Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)”. Zootaxa 3034: 47–68.
[P-RK07] Pinto-da-Rocha, R., & A. B. Kury. 2007. Cranaidae Roewer, 1913. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 185–188. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).