Belongs within: Conoidea.
Contains: Tylotiella, Fenimorea, Austroclavus, Elaeocyma, Cymatosyrinx, Syntomodrillia, Fusiturricula, Iredalea, Clavus, Cerodrillia, Splendrillia (Splendrillia), Agladrillia, Clathrodrillia, Drillia (Drillia).
The Drilliidae are a group of slender-shelled predatory gastropods, with a fossil record extending to the Upper Cretaceous (Powell 1966). Most retain a radula with well-developed lateral teeth (Bouchet et al. 2011), probably for active processing of prey, in contrast to the specialised venom-injecting radulae of other conoids. The basal genus Cruziturricula, however, lacks laterals and has a radula with wishbone-type marginal teeth only. It and the related Fusiturricula (for which the radula is currently unknown) may be misplaced in the Drilliidae (Bouchet et al. 2011).
Members of the type genus Drillia are characterised by a large, solid shell with a tall spire and truncated body whorl, and are most diverse in western Africa (Powell 1966). The Indo-Pacific genus Splendrillia has a typically smooth, glossy shell with a thin lip (Powell 1966).
Characters (Bouchet et al. 2011): Shell small- to medium-sized, usually 15–25 mm, up to 50 mm high, with rather high spire and usually truncated base. Spiral sculpture often obsolete. Anal sinus on subsutural ramp, deep, (sub)symmetrical, sometimes tubular. Protoconch usually paucispiral (up to two whorls), smooth or abapically carinate. Operculum with terminal nucleus. Radular formula 1-1-R-1-1, rarely 1-1-0-1-1, central tooth small, from narrow unicuspid to subrectangular with additional cusps, rarely reduced to completely absent. Lateral teeth broad, pectinate, and arched, marginal teeth from simple flat and sharply pointed to duplex with slightly thickened edges and to loosely enrolled with small barb near tip.
<==Drilliidae [Clavinae, Clavini, Clavusinae, Drilliinae, Drillinae]
|--+--FusiturriculaPK11
| `--Cruziturricula Marks 1951PK11, BK11
| |--*C. cruziana (Olsson 1932) [=Turricula (Pleurofusia) cruziana]P66
| |--C. andesita (Olsson 1942) [=Turricula (Knefastia) andesita]P66
| |--C. arcuata (Reeve 1843)PK11 [=Pleurotoma arcuataP66]
| |--C. eolavinia (Olsson 1930) [=Turricula (Pleurofusia) eolavinia]P66
| |--C. lavinia (Dall 1919) [=Turricula (Surcula) lavinia]P66
| `--C. piura (Olsson 1931) [=Turricula (Surcula) piura]P66
`--+--+--Conopleura Hinds 1844PK11, BK11
| | `--*C. striata Hinds 1844 [=Pleurotoma partita Reeve 1846]P66
| `--+--+--IredaleaPK11
| | `--+--ClavusPK11
| | `--CerodrilliaPK11
| `--Splendrillia Hedley 1922PK11, BK11
| | i. s.: S. bratcherae McLean & Poorman 1971PP78
| | S. buicki Wells 1990W94
| | S. candidula Hedley 1922W94
| | S. dampieria (Hedley 1922)W94
| | S. gratiosa Sowerby 1896W94
| | S. hansenae Wells 1990W94
| | S. hedleyi Wells 1990W94
| | S. longbottomi Wells 1990W94
| | S. petiti (Tippett 1995) [=Fenimorea petiti]BC01
| | S. ‘powelli’ Wells 1990 non Awateria powelli King 1933W94
| | S. subviridus May 1910W94
| |--S. (Splendrillia)BK11
| |--S. (Hauturua Powell 1942)BK11
| | |--S. (*H.) vivens (Powell 1942) [=Syntomodrillia (*H.) vivens]P66
| | |--S. (H.) exiguescens (Marwick 1931) [=Austrodrillia exiguescens]P66
| | |--S. (H.) exuta Powell 1944P66
| | |--S. (H.) laevella (Marwick 1931) [=Austrodrillia laevella]P66
| | `--S. (H.) vellai Beu 1970B70
| `--S. (Wairarapa Vella 1954)B70, P66
| |--S. (*W.) rebecca (Vella 1954)B70, P66 [=*Wairarapa rebeccaP66]
| `--‘Melatoma’ duplaris Hedley 1922P66
`--+--+--AgladrilliaPK11
| `--+--Calliclava McLean 1971PK11, BK11
| | |--C. albolaqueata (Carpenter 1865)SK81
| | |--C. alcmene (Dall 1919)PP78
| | `--C. jaliscoensis McLean & Poorman 1971BC01
| `--Imaclava Bartsch 1944PK11, BK11
| |--I. pembertoni (Lowe 1935) (see below for synonymy)P66
| |--I. pilsbryi Bartsch 1950BK11 [=Clathrodrillia (Imaclava) pilsbryi non C. pilsbryi Lowe 1935P66]
| `--I. unimaculata (Sowerby 1834)PK11 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--ClathrodrilliaPK11
`--Drillia Gray 1838PK11, BK11
| i. s.: D. alabaster (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma alabaster]H09
| D. albomaculataM23
| D. anthamilla Melvill 1923M23
| D. appeliiM23
| D. arata Conrad 1862W62
| D. chaaci Espinosa & Rolán 1995BC01
| D. cubana Melvill 1923M23
| D. digitalis Reeve 1843M23
| D. esculenta Pilsbry & Johnson 1917W62
| D. euchroes Melv. 1912M23
| D. exigua (Hombron & Jacq. 1853) [=Pleurotoma exigua]H09
| D. gracillimaC64
| D. griffithiiM23
| D. hexagonaC64
| D. incrassataC64
| D. inermisC64
| D. infrafusca Sowerby 1893M23
| D. innocens Melvill 1923M23
| D. insignita Melvill 1923M23
| D. interpleura Dall & Simpson 1902C34
| D. kleinrosa Usticke 1969BC01
| D. luctuosaC64
| D. majorM23
| D. mauraC64
| D. nigerrimaC64
| D. nitens (Hinds 1843) [=Clavatula nitens]H09
| D. nodifera Pease 1860 [=Pleurotoma nodifera non Lamarck 1822 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.)]K65
| D. nodulosa Pease 1863K65
| D. ochroleuca Melv. & Sykes 1897M23
| D. ornataM23
| D. papillosa Garrett 1873M23
| D. paria Reeve 1846M23
| D. paroeca Melvill 1923M23
| ‘Pleurotoma (Drillia) parva’ Smith 1888 non P. parva Conrad 1830F27
| D. poncianaBC01
| |--D. p. poncianaBC01
| `--D. p. virgata Usticke 1969 [=D. bandata Usticke 1971]BC01
| D. primula Melvill 1923M23
| D. roseola (Hertlein & Strong 1955)BC01 (see below for synonymy)
| D. rudisC64
| D. scala Pilsbry & Johnson 1917W62
| D. stiza Tenison-Woods 1879F71
| D. wanganuiensisH86
| D. wolfei Tippett 1995BC01
| D. zebraM23
|--D. (Drillia)BC01
`--D. (Pseudodrillia Lukovic 1924)P66
|--D. (P.) abnormalis Lukovic 1924P66
|--D. (P.) arabica Lukovic 1924P66
`--D. (P.) longa Lukovic 1924P66
Drilliidae incertae sedis:
Clavatoma Powell 1942P66
`--*C. pulchra Powell 1942P66
Maoricrassus Vella 1954P66
`--*M. carinatus Vella 1954P66
Tahudrillia Powell 1942P66
`--*T. simplex Powell 1942P66
Integradrillia Powell 1942P66
`--*I. integra (Tenison-Woods 1880) [=Drillia integra]P66
Vixinquisitor Powell 1942P66
`--*V. vixumbilicata (Harris 1897) [=Drillia vixumbilicata]P66
Globidrillia Woodring 1928BK11
`--*G. ula Woodring 1928P66
Tripia Gregorio 1890 (n. d.)P66
`--*T. anteatripla de Gregorio 1890 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy)P66
Boreodrillia Sorgenfrei 1958P66
`--*B. toftlundensis Sorgenfrei 1958P66
Mitrelloturris Eames 1957P66
`--*M. casteri (Chavan 1952) [=Asthenotoma (Endiatoma) casteri]P66
Terebritoma Cossmann 1894P66
`--*T. solitaria [=Mangelia solitaria]P66
Neodrillia Bartsch 1943BK11
|--*N. cydia Bartsch 1943 (see below for synonymy)P66
|--N. blacki Petuch 2004PMB15
`--N. euphanes (Melvill 1923) [=Drillia euphanes]P66
Douglassia Bartsch 1934BK11
|--*D. enae Bartsch 1934P66
`--D. bealiana Schwengel & McGinty 1942P66
Crassopleura Monterosato 1884BK11 [=Crossopleura (l. c.)P66]
|--C. costulatum (Cantraine 1835) (see below for synonymy)P66
`--C. brevis (Yokoyama 1922) [=Drillia glabriuscula brevis]P66
Leptadrillia Woodring 1928BK11
|--*L. parkeri (Gabb 1873) [=Turris (Surcula) parkeri]P66
|--L. loria Bartsch 1934P66
`--L. splendida Bartsch 1934P66
Kylix Dall 1919BK11
|--*K. alcyone (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (Kylix) alcyone]P66
|--K. alcmene (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia (Kylix) alcmene]P66
|--K. contracta McLean & Poorman 1971BC01
|--K. paziana (Dall 1919)PP78
|--K. turveri Hertlein & Strong 1951P66
`--K. zacae Hertlein & Strong 1951P66
TylotiellaBK11
Plagiostropha Melvill 1927BK11
|--*P. quintuplex Melvill 1927 [=Clavus (*Plagiostropha) quintuplex]P66
|--P. caledoniensis Wells 1995BK11
|--‘Pleurotoma’ ebur Reeve 1845P66
`--‘Pleurotoma’ opalus Reeve 1845P66
Paracuneus Laseron 1954BK11
|--*P. immaculatus (Tenison-Woods 1876)P66 (see below for synonymy)
| |--P. i. immaculatusP66
| `--P. i. peronianus Laseron 1954P66
|--P. kemblensis Laseron 1954P66
|--P. platystoma (Smith 1877) [=Pleurotoma (Clionella) platystoma]K85
`--P. spadix (Watson 1886)P66 [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) spadixP66, Inquisitor spadixH22]
|--P. s. spadixP66
`--P. s. tumulus Laseron 1954P66
Spirotropis Sars 1878BK11
|--S. monterosatoi (Locard 1897)BW80 (see below for synonymy)
|--S. azorica Bouchet & Waren 1980BW80
|--S. centimata (Dall 1889) (see below for synonymy)BW80
|--S. ephamilla Verrill 1884P66
|--S. modiola (Jan 1832)BW80 (see below for synonymy)
|--S. remota Powell 1958P66
`--S. studeriana (Martens 1878) [=Pleurotoma studeriana]P66
Sedilia Fargo 1953P66
|--*S. sedilia (Dall 1890) [=Drillia sedilia]P66
|--S. hoplophorus (Dall 1892) [=Drillia hoplophorus]P66
|--S. ochoidia Fargo 1953P66
|--S. ondulum Fargo 1953P66
|--S. sapa Fargo 1953P66
| |--S. s. sapaP66
| `--S. s. sapala Fargo 1953P66
|--S. schismatica (Dall 1892) [=Drillia schismatica]P66
`--S. transa Fargo 1953P66
FenimoreaBK11
Eumetadrillia Woodring 1928BK11
|--*E. serra (Woodring 1928) [=Agladrillia (*Eumetadrillia) serra]P66
|--E. centrodes (Gardner 1937) [=Drillia centrodes, Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) centrodes]P66
|--E. dodona Gardner 1937 [=Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) dodona]P66
|--E. fuegiensis (Smith 1888) [=Pleurotoma (Surcula) fuegiensis, Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) fuegiensis]P66
|--E. isthmica (Brown & Pilsbry 1911) [=Drillia isthmica, Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) isthmica]P66
|--E. newmani (Dall 1890) [=Drillia newmani, Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) newmani]P66
|--E. rabdotacona Gardner 1937 [=Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) rabdotacona]P66
`--E. waltoniana (Gardner 1937) [=Drillia waltoniana, Agladrillia (Eumetadrillia) waltoniana]P66
AustroclavusP66
ElaeocymaBK11
CymatosyrinxBK11
Acinodrillia Kilburn 1988BK11
Bellaspira Conrad 1868BK11
|--*B. virginiana (Conrad 1862) [=Mangelia virginiana]P66
|--B. acclivicosta McLean & Poorman 1970BC01
|--B. clarionensis McLean & Poorman 1970MP70
|--B. grippi (Dall 1908)MP70 [=Bela grippiMP70, Lora grippiiMP70, Pseudomelatoma grippi]
|--B. margaritensis McLean & Poorman 1970MP70
|--B. melea Dall 1919 [=Clavus (Cymatosyrinx) melea, Elaeocyma melea]MP70
`--B. pentagonalis (Dall 1889)MP70 (see below for synonymy)
Orrmaesia Kilburn 1988BK11
Stenodrillia Korobkov 1955BK11
`--*S. allionii (Bellardi 1877) [=Drillia allionii]P66
SyntomodrilliaBK11
‘Clavatula’ erecta Turton 1932K85
Nomen nudum: Drillia albolaqueata Carpenter 1864C64
Bellaspira pentagonalis (Dall 1889)MP70 [=Drillia pentagonalisMP70, Exomilus pentagonalisP66; incl. Bellaspira pentepleura Schwengel 1940MP70]
Crassopleura costulatum (Cantraine 1835) [=Pleurotoma costulatum; incl. P. elegans Scacchi 1835, P. incisa Reeve 1843, P. incrassata Dujardin 1837 non Sowerby 1834, P. maravignae Bivona 1838, *Crassopleura maravignae]P66
Drillia roseola (Hertlein & Strong 1955)BC01 [=Cymatosyrinx roseolaBC01; incl. Pleurotoma rosea Sowerby 1834 non Quoy & Gaimard 1833P66]
Imaclava pembertoni (Lowe 1935) [=Clavus pembertoni, Clathrodrillia (Imaclava) pembertoni; incl. *Imaclava ima Bartsch 1944]P66
Imaclava unimaculata (Sowerby 1834)PK11 [=Pleurotoma unimaculataP66, Clathrodrillia (Imaclava) unimaculatusP66]
*Neodrillia cydia Bartsch 1943 [incl. N. antiguensis Bartsch 1943, N. barbadensis Bartsch 1943, N. encia Bartsch 1943, N. jamaicensis Bartsch 1943]P66
*Paracuneus immaculatus (Tenison-Woods 1876)P66 [=Mangelia immaculataP66, Drillia immaculataH22, Inquisitor immaculatusL54; incl. Drillia gabrieli Pritchard & Gatliff 1899P66]
Spirotropis centimata (Dall 1889) [=Drillia (Cymatosyrinx) centimata; incl. Pleurotoma centimata var. major Locard 1897]BW80
Spirotropis modiola (Jan 1832)BW80 [=Fusus modiolusBW80, Pleurotoma modiolaBW80, P. modiolusW75; incl. P. acuta Bellardi 1842 non Perry 1811P66, P. carinata Bivona 1838 non Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon 1834P66, P. scalaris Partsch in Hauer 1837P66, W75]
Spirotropis monterosatoi (Locard 1897)BW80 [=Pleurotoma monterosatoiBW80; incl. P. carinata Sars 1878 nec Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon 1834 nec Bivona 1838BW80, Mangelia carinataW75, *Spirotropis carinataBW80, Mangelia eburnea Sars 1859 non Pleurotoma eburnea Bivona 1838BW80, S. sarsi Warén 1975BW80]
*Tripia anteatripla de Gregorio 1890 (n. d.) [=Pleurotoma (Tripia) anteatripla, Crassispira (Tripia) anteatripla]P66
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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