Stenolaemata

Belongs within: Bryozoa.
Contains: Lichenoporidae, Crisia, Acamptostega, Trepostomata.

The Stenolaemata were the dominant group of bryozoans in the Palaeozoic, and remain represented in the modern fauna by the ‘cyclostomes’ (Articulina to Cancellina in the tree below) (Prothero 1998).

Characters (from Prothero 1998): Zooecia long, narrow, tubular, highly calcified, growing throughout the life of the colony, usually at an angle to direction of colony growth. Tentacles extruded by muscles squeezing coelomic fluid into upper part of zooid.

<==Stenolaemata [Cyclostomata, Tubuliporata]
    |--PalaeotubuliporinaP98
    `--+--ArticulinaP98
       `--+--SalpinginaP98
          `--+--+--Cerioporidae [Cerioporina, Densiporidae, Leiosoeciidae, Tretocycloeciidae]P98
             |  `--RectangulinaP98
             `--+--AcamptostegaP98
                `--+--CancellinaP98
                   `--TrepostomataP98
Stenolaemata incertae sedis:
  Diplosolen obeliaH15
  Microecia suborbicularisH15
  Spiropora Lamouroux 1821 [incl. Pustulopora de Blainville 1830; Spiroporidae]H15
    |--S. elegans Lamouroux 1821T93
    |--S. intermediaC01
    `--S. verticillata (Goldfuss 1826)T93
  DiscoporidaeC64
    |--DiscoporaR26
    |    |--D. cribrumR26
    |    |--D. palmata Risso 1826R26
    |    `--D. verrucosa [=Cellepora (Discopora) verrucosa]G20
    `--Apsendesia Lamouroux 1821 [incl. Defrancia Bronn 1825, Pelagia Lamouroux 1821 (preoc.)]H15
         |--A. cristata Lamouroux 1821 [incl. Pelagia clypeata, *Defrancia clypeata]H15
         |--‘Defrancia’ intricataC64
         `--‘Defrancia’ lucernariaH15
  Horneridae [Pachystega]T93
    |--Siphodictyum gracile Lonsdale 1849T93
    `--Hornera Lamouroux 1821H15
         |--H. caespitosa Busk 1875H15
         |--H. fissurataH15
         |--H. frondiculataH15
         |--H. lichenoidesN79
         |--H. spinigera Kirkpatrick 1888H15
         `--H. violaceaN79
  CytididaeT93
    |--Hypocytis asteriscus Ortmann 1889H15
    |--OsculiporaJB12
    |--Chartecytis compressa Canu & Bassler 1926T93
    |--Voigticytis campicheana (d’Orbigny 1853)T93
    `--Supercytis d’Orbigny 1854H15
         |--S. digitata d’Orbigny 1854H15
         |--‘Fasciculipora’ digitata Busk 1875 non Supercytis digitata d’Orbigny 1854H15
         |--S. tubigeraH15
         `--S. watersi Harmer 1915H15
  LichenoporidaeJB12
  Crisiidae [Camptostega, Crisiadae]T93
    |--CrisiaH15
    |--Filicrisia noeomiensis Voigt & Walter 1991T93
    `--Crisidia inopinata Lagaaij 1975T93
  Crisiella productaH30
  PywackiaEL11
  MultisparsidaeT93
    |--ReptoclausaJB12
    |--Reptomultisparsa hybensis (Prantl 1938)T93
    `--Heterohaplooecia monticulifera Voigt & Viaud 1983T93
  CorynotrypidaeT93
    |--Wolinella baltica Dzik 1981T93
    |--Lagenosypho permianus Spandel 1898T93
    `--Corynotrypa Bassler 1911 [incl. Cochleatina Bykova 1956]LT64
         |--‘*Cochleatina’ plavinensis Bykova 1956LT64
         `--C. voigtiana (King 1850)T93
  Sagenella [Sagenellidae]T93
    `--S. minnesotensis (Ulrich 1886)T93
  Kukersella [Crownoporidae]T93
    `--K. borealis (Bassler 1911)T93
  Stomatopora [Stomatoporidae]T93
  CinctiporidaeT93
    |--Cinctipora elegans Hutton 1873 [=Filicea elegans]T93
    |--Semicinctipora amplexus Boardman et al. 1992T93
    `--Attinopora campbelli Boardman et al. 1992T93
  Oncousoecia [Annectocymidae, Oncousoeciidae]T93
  Cellulipora [Celluliporidae]T93
    |--C. ornata d’Orbigny 1850T93
    `--C. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1853)T93
  PlagioeciidaeT93
    |--Mesonopora spissa (Gregory 1899) [=Berenicea spissa]T93
    `--Mesenteripora wrightii Haime 1854T93
  TerviidaeT93
    |--Lagonoecia lamellifera Canu & Bassler 1920T93
    `--Tervia Jullien 1883H15
         |--T. irregularis [incl. T. discreta, T. folini, T. solida]H15
         `--T. jellyae Harmer 1915H15
  Theonoa [Theonoidae]T93
    `--T. diplopora (Branco 1879)T93
  SiphoniotyphlidaeT93
    |--Siphoniotyphlus tenuis (von Hagenow 1840)T93
    `--ClinoporaT93
         |--C. cenomanensis Hillmer 1971T93
         `--C. lineata (Beissel 1865)T93
  Eleidae [Melicerititidae]T93
    |--Meliceritites semiclausa (Michelin 1846)T93
    |--Cyclocites primogenitum Canu & Bassler 1922T93
    `--MeliceritellaT93
         |--M. armata (Levinsen 1912)T93
         `--M. steenstrupi (Pergens & Meunier 1887)T93
  SemiceidaeT93
    |--Poriceata ardescensis Walter 1983T93
    `--Filicea danica Viskova 1968T93
  Crisulipora [Crisuliporidae]T93
    |--C. flabellata Canu & Bassler 1920T93
    |--C. grandipora Canu & Bassler 1920T93
    |--C. prominens Canu & Bassler 1920T93
    `--C. rugosodorsalis Canu & Bassler 1920T93
  Stigmatoechos [Stigmatoechidae]T93
    |--S. punctatus Marsson 1887T93
    `--S. violaceaT93
  PetaloporidaeT93
    |--Petalopora rugosa (d’Orbigny 1853)T93
    `--Calvetia dissimilis Borg 1944T93
  CrisinidaeT93
    |--Crisidmonea tripora (Canu & Bassler 1926)T93
    `--Crisina d’Orbigny 1853H15
         |--C. hochstetterianaH15
         |--C. normanianaH15
         |--C. radians (Lamk 1816) [=Retepora radians, Idmonea radians]H15
         |--C. ramosa [=Idmonea ramosa]H15
         |--C. subgradataH15
         |--C. triangularisH15
         `--C. unipora [=Idmonea unipora]H15
  Crassodiscopora [Crassodiscoporidae]T93
    `--C. alcicornis (Levinsen 1925)T93
  Ceriocava [Cavidae]T93
    |--C. corymbosa (Lamouroux 1821)T93
    `--C. incrustata (Roemer 1840)T93

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.

[EL11] Erwin, D. H., M. Laflamme, S. M. Tweedt, E. A. Sperling, D. Pisani & K. J. Peterson. 2011. The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animals. Science 334: 1091–1097.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H15] Harmer, S. F. 1915. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition—Part I. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. E. J. Brill: Leyden.

[H30] Harmer, S. F. 1930. Presidential address. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 141: 68–118.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.

[T93] Taylor, P. D. 1993. Bryozoa. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 465–489. Chapman & Hall: London.