Actinocrinitidae

Belongs within: Compsocrinina.

The Actinocrinitidae are a Carboniferous group of crinoids in which the fixed portions of the arms are strongly grouped, forming protuberant brachial lobes in each ray (Ubaghs 1978b).

<==Actinocrinitidae [Actinocrinidae, Actinocriniens, Actinocrinoidea]
    |  i. s.: Laubeocrinus Waagen & Jahn 1899U78b
    |           `--*L. barrandei Waagen & Jahn 1899U78b
    |--PhysetocrininaeU78b
    |    |--Physetocrinus Meek & Worthen 1869U78b
    |    |    |--*P. ventricosus (Hall 1858) [=Actinocrinus ventricosus]U78b
    |    |    `--P. ornatusU78a
    |    `--Strotocrinus Meek & Worthen 1866U78b
    |         |--*S. perumbrosus (Hall 1860) [=Actinocrinus perumbrosus]U78b
    |         |--S. glyptusU78b
    |         `--S. regalisU78a
    |--EumorphocrininaeLMW01
    |    |--Cytidocrinus Kirk 1944LMW01, U78b [=Cyrtocrinus Kirk 1943 non Jaekel 1891U78b]
    |    |    `--*C. sculptus (Hall 1858) [=Actinocrinus sculptus, *Cyrtocrinus sculptus]U78b
    |    |--Manillocrinus Campbell & Bein 1971LMW01, U78b
    |    |    `--*M. brownei (Dun & Benson 1920) [=Cactocrinus brownei]U78b
    |    |--Maligneocrinus Laudon, Parks & Spreng 1952LMW01, U78b
    |    |    `--*M. medicinensis Laudon, Parks & Spreng 1952U78b
    |    |--Eumorphocrinus Wright 1955LMW01
    |    |    |--*E. erectus Wright 1955U78b
    |    |    `--E. porteri (Whidborne 1896) [=Actinocrinus porteri]LMW01
    |    `--Dialutocrinus Wright 1955LMW01, U78b
    |         |--*D. milleri Wright 1955U78b
    |         |--D. aculeatus&8b
    |         `--D. laevissimusU78b
    |--CactocrininaeU78b
    |    |--Cusacrinus Bowsher 1955U78b
    |    |    `--*C. nodobrachiatus (Wachsmuth & Springer in Miller 1889) [=Actinocrinus nodobrachiatus]U78b
    |    |--Nunnacrinus Bowsher 1955U78b
    |    |    `--*N. mamillatus Bowsher 1955U78b
    |    |--Cactocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer 1897U78b
    |    |    |--*C. proboscidialis (Hall 1858) [=Actinocrinus proboscidialis]U78b
    |    |    |--C. glansU78a
    |    |    `--C. multibrachiatusU78b
    |    `--Teleiocrinus Wachsmuth & Springer 1881 [incl. Calathocrinus Hall 1861 non von Meyer 1848]U78b
    |         |--*T. umbrosus (Hall 1858) [=Actinocrinus umbrosus]U78b
    |         |--‘Actinocrinus (*Calathocrinus)’ erodus Hall 1861U78b
    |         |--T. liratusU78a
    |         `--T. rudisU78a
    `--Actinocrinitinae [Actinocrininae]LMW01
         |--Aacocrinus Bowsher 1955U78b
         |    `--*A. nododorsatus Bowsher 1955U78b
         |--Blairocrinus Miller 1891U78b
         |    `--*B. trijugis Miller 1891U78b
         |--Diatorocrinus Wright 1955U78b
         |    `--*D. angustus Wright 1955U78b
         |--Abactinocrinus Laudon & Severson 1953LMW01, WM03
         |    |--*A. rossei Laudon & Severson 1953WM03
         |    `--A. devonicus Waters, Maples et al. 2003WM03
         |--Sampsonocrinus Miller & Gurley 1895 [incl. Amphora Cumberland 1826]U78b
         |    |--*S. hemisphericus Miller & Gurley 1895U78b
         |    `--‘Encrinites’ loricatus von Schlotheim 1820 [=*Amphora loricata]U78b
         |--Steganocrinus Meek & Worthen 1866 [incl. Shumardocrinus Miller & Gurley 1895]U78b
         |    |--*S. pentagonus (Hall 1858) [=Actinocrinus pentagonaus]U78b
         |    `--‘Actinocrinus’ concinnus Shumard 1855 [=*Shumardocrinus concinnus]U78b
         `--Actinocrinites Miller 1821WM03, U78b [=Actinocrinus Agassiz 1836U78b]
              |--*A. triacontadactylus Miller 1821 [=*Actinocrinus triacontadactylus]U78b
              |--A. arthriticus (Phillips in Murchison 1839) [=Gissocrinus arthriticus]ML78
              |--‘Actinocrinus’ asperimusW77
              |--A. batheri (Whidborne 1896) [=Actinocrinus batheri]LMW01
              |--A. depressusLMW01
              |--A. jugosus (Hall 1859)WA17
              |--A. loweiU78a
              |--A. multiradiatusU78b
              |--A. verrucosusU78a
              |--‘Actinocrinus’ viaticus White 1874W77
              `--A. zhaoae (Lane, Waters & Maples 1997) [=Uperocrinus zhaoae]WM03

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[LMW01] Lane, N. G., C. G. Maples & J. A. Waters. 2001. Revision of Late Devonian (Famennian) and some Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) crinoids and blastoids from the type Devonian area of north Devon. Palaeontology 44 (6): 1043–1080.

[ML78] Moore, R. C., N. G. Lane, H. L. Strimple, J. Sprinkle & R. O. Fay. 1978. Inadunata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T520–T759. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U78a] Ubaghs, G. 1978a. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T58–T216. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U78b] Ubaghs, G. 1978b. Camerata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T408–T519. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[WM03] Waters, J. A., C. G. Maples, N. G. Lane, S. Marcus, Liao Z.-T., Liu L., Hou H.-F. & Wang J.-X. 2003. A quadrupling of Famennian pelmatozoan diversity: new Late Devonian blastoids and crinoids from northwest China. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 922–948.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

[WA17] Wright, D. F., W. I. Ausich, S. R. Cole, M. E. Peter & E. C. Rhenberg. 2017. Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology 91 (4): 829–846.