Amphipoda

Belongs within: Eumalacostraca.
Contains: Hyperiidea, Gammaridea.

The Amphipoda are a large group of crustaceans found in both marine and fresh water with a relatively small number of terrestrial species. Most species are strongly laterally compressed and the legs are often divided between foreward-pointing anterior and backward-pointing posterior legs (from which are derived the name ‘amphipod’). The classification of amphipods has long been uncertain with the planktonic Hyperiidea and stygofaunal Ingolfiellidea typically recognised as separate suborders whereas more generalised amphipods are commonly bundled into a poorly defined Gammaridea. Lowry & Myers (2017) excluded the Ingolfiellida from the amphipods.

Characters (Lowry & Myers 2017): Head with sessile eyes. Carapace absent. Coxal gills present. Abdomen with six segments, differentiated into pleosome with three segments, with epimera (rarely vestigial) and urosome with three segments. Last three pairs of pleopods converted into uropods, pleopods and uropods usually well-developed.

<==Amphipoda
    |  i. s.: MetopeKBC03
    |         Pseudamphithoides incurvariaDH90
    |         Parvipalpus capillaceaN00b
    |         ‘Typhis’ Risso 1816 non Montfort 1810R26, BR05 [Typhidae]
    |           `--*T. ovoidesR26
    |         Enone Risso 1826R26
    |           `--*E. punctata Risso 1826R26
    |         Eupheus Risso 1826R26
    |           `--*E. ligioidesR26
    |--Pseudingolfiella Noodt 1965LM13 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*P. chilensis (Noodt 1959) [=Ingolfiella chilensis]B77
    |    `--P. soyeri Coineau 1977CS86
    `--+--HyperiideaLM17
       `--GammarideaLM13

Pseudingolfiella Noodt 1965^LM13 [Pseudingolfiellidae, Pseudingolfiellida, Pseudingolfiellidea^LM17, Pseudingolfiellidira, Pseudingolfielloidea]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282–316.

[CS86] Coineau, N., & J. H. Stock. 1986. Amphipoda: Bogidiellidae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 574–580. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[DH90] Duffy, J. E., & M. E. Hay. 1990. Seaweed adaptations to herbivory. BioScience 40 (5): 368–375.

[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.

[LM13] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610: 1–80.

[LM17] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2017. A phylogeny and classification of the Amphipoda with the establishment of the new order Ingolfiellida (Crustacea: Peracarida). Zootaxa 4265 (1): 1–89.

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.