Belongs within: Sapindales.
Contains: Rhus, Mangifera, Sorindeia, Trichoscypha, Lannea.
The Anacardiaceae are distinguished by their resinous exudate, which turns black upon contact with the air. In many species, this resin may cause serious irritation to humans who come into contact with it. Despite this, several species of Anacardiaceae are used for food such as Anacardium occidentale (cashew), Mangifera indica (mango) and Pistacia vera (pistachio). Cashews produce nuts within a shell containing a toxic oil that must be removed before consumption; the pedicel and receptacle of the cashew flower also develop into a fleshy, pear-shaped structure (the cashew apple) that subtends the nut and may also be eaten. Both the fruit and young leaves of Spondias mombin, makok, are eaten in south-east Asia. The fruit of the Peruvian pepper tree Schinus molle are used for cooking as ‘pink peppercorns’ though this species is perhaps better known as an invasive weed in many parts of the world outside its native South America. Similarly, the wax tree Toxicodendron succedaneum has historically been grown as an ornamental and source of lacquer but is now often regarded as an invasive.
A number of members of Anacardiaceae are wind-pollinated, and some forms with reduced flowers have been treated in the past as separate families. These include the Neotropical genera Juliania and Orthopterygium. However, wind-pollinated taxa are not monophyletic within the family (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website). The Dobineoideae produce pistillate flowers lacking a perianth and adnate to a bract by their pedicels.
Characters (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Trees or shrubs (occasionally climbers); resinous exudate black or becoming blackish; pith loose, shining; wood often fluorescing; nodes usually 3:3; petiole with annular wing bundles; leaflets not articulated, margins toothed or not, base of petiole often swollen; breeding system various; flowers (3-)5(-7)-merous; styles separate (occasionally single), terminal to gynobasic, connate apically, stigma capitate (sometimes lobed), dry; ovule 1/carpel, usually apotropous, more or less anatropous, uni- or bitegmic, micropyle zig-zag (sometimes endostomal), funicle often long, ponticulus present; seed often more or less pachychalazal, endotegmen usually more or less thickened, lignified; endosperm oily, embryo often curved.
<==Anacardiaceae
|--AnacardiumYH02 [AnacardioideaeT00]
| |--A. excelsumR96
| `--A. occidentaleYH02
|--DobineoideaeT00
| |--Dobinea vulgarisT00, DD73
| `--CampylopetalumT00
`--Spondioideae [Julianiaceae]T00
|--JulianiaYY22
|--OrthopterygiumYY22
|--SpondiasI-BH-O10
| |--S. dulcisFS90
| |--S. luteaI-BH-O10
| |--S. mombinF11
| |--S. pinnataBB07
| `--S. purpureaK06
`--PistaciaT00
|--P. atlanticaHF03
|--P. chinensisH93
|--P. integerrimaWC02
|--P. lentiscus Linnaeus 1753PL04
|--P. muticaCK05
|--P. terebinthus Linnaeus 1753PL04
`--P. veraHF03
Anacardiaceae incertae sedis:
Bouea macrophyllaYH02 [incl. B. gandariaT-W89, Mangifera gandariaYH02]
Swintonia schwenkiiH03
BuchananiaP03
|--B. arborescensP88
|--B. lanzanP03
|--B. latifoliaM72
|--B. macrocarpaH03
|--B. oblongifoliaVT13
`--B. obovataVT13
SemecarpusK03
|--S. anacardiumM72
|--S. atraSN50
|--S. cassuviumT-W89
|--S. cuneiformisK03
|--S. kraemeriHSS13
`--S. longifoliusH03
RhusBBO01
MangiferaYH02
Blephocarya involucrigeraB00
AntrocaryonYY22
CotinusPL04
|--C. coggygria Scopoli 1772PL04
`--C. obovatusRC02
CyrtocarpaYY22
DrimycarpusYY22
FegimanraYY22
LoxopterygiumYY22
MelanochylaYY22
MetopiumF11
|--M. brownieF11
`--M. toxiferumSWK87
NothopegiaYY22
SchenopisYY22
Sclerocarya birreaYY22, B14
ThyrosodiumYY22
CatutajeronYY22
FaguetiaYY22
HaematostaphisYY22
HaplorhusYY22
HarpephyllumYY22
LoxostylisYY22
MosquitoxylumYY22
Parishia insignisYY22, YZ02
PegiaYY22
Pleiogynium timorenseYY22, BA12
PseudosmodingiumYY22
PseudospondiasYY22
SpondiopsisYY22
TapiriraYY22
|--T. durhamiiP92
|--T. guianensisP92
`--T. mexicanaP92
SorindeiaEB17
AstroniumYY22
Campnosperma brevipetiolataYY22, C78
HeeriaEB17
|--H. kassneri Engler & v. Brehmer 1917EB17
|--H. nitida Engler & v. Brehmer 1917EB17
`--H. reticulataEB17
Lithraea causticYY22, B14
Rhodosphaera rhodanthemaYY22, H42
SchinusWM09
|--S. longifoliusS04
|--S. molleH74
|--S. polygamusD99
|--S. roigiiA19
`--S. terebinthifoliusWM09
SmodingiumYY22
TrichoscyphaKC01
AllospondiasYY22
Comocladia pinnatifoliaJ87
NothospondiasYY22
Euroschinus falcataWO92
MauriaYY22
ProtorhusYY22
Gluta velutinaP88
Plectomirtha Oliver 1948A61
`--P. baylisiana Oliver 1948A61
Malosma laurina [=Rhus laurina]H93
ToxicodendronH93
|--T. diversilobumH93 [=Rhus diversilobumH93, T. radicans ssp. diversilobaM68]
|--T. radicansBC01
`--T. succedaneum [=Rhus succedanea]H06
Edenoxylon parviareolatum Kruse 1954CBH93
Tricolporopollenites cingulumCBH93
Tapinia Steud. 1841KC01
PentaspadonT-W89
MicrostemonT-W89
Dracontomelon mangiferum [=Poupartia mangifera]T-W89
Evia acidaT-W89
LanneaEB17
*Type species of generic name indicated
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