Anthocoridae

Belongs within: Cimicomorpha.
Contains: Oriini, Cardiastethus.

The Anthocoridae, flower bugs, are a group of small bugs that mostly feed on insect eggs or haemolymph from other insects. They are characterised by the presence of a cuneus in the hemelytron, with the hemelytral membrane usually being veinless, the presence of ocelli, and an apparently three-segmented labium. Most species engage in haemocoelic insemination with the exception of the subfamily Lasiochilinae (Carver et al. 1991). Members of the subfamily Anthocorinae usually have the last two segments of the antenna short and fusiform, with only short pilosity, whereas Lyctocorinae have these segments long and filiform with long hairs (Gross 1954).

<==Anthocoridae
    |  i. s.: BiliaMM96
    |         Macrotracheliella laevisMM96
    |         SepticiusG54
    |         ArnulphusG54
    |         EulasiocolpusG54
    |--Lasiochilus Reuter 1871G54 [LasiochilinaeCGW91]
    |    |--*L. pallidulus Reuter 1871G54
    |    |--L. femoralis Gross 1954G54
    |    |--L. fruhstorferi Poppius 1909 [=L. (Dilasia) fruhstorferi]G54
    |    |--L. misimae Gross 1954G54
    |    |--L. solomonensis Gross 1954G54
    |    `--L. vitiensis Gross 1954G54
    |--AnthocorinaeC61
    |    |  i. s.: Wollastoniella bifoveata Carayon 1958C61
    |    |         Maoricoris China 1933G54
    |    |           `--*M. benefactor China 1933G54
    |    |--OriiniC61
    |    `--Anthocoris Fallen 1814G54 [AnthocoriniC61]
    |         |--A. sylvestris [incl. *A. nemorum]G54
    |         |--A. arctatus Walker 1872G54
    |         |--A. austropiceus Gross 1954G54
    |         |--A. kingiRD77
    |         |--A. minutus (Linnaeus 1758)L49, L58 [=Cimex (Rotundatus) minutusL49, L58; incl. Lygaeus fruticumL49]
    |         |--A. nemoralis [=Salda nemoralis]L49
    |         |--A. pacificus Kirkaldy 1908K08
    |         `--A. subcruciatus Walker 1872C61
    `--Lyctocorinae [Dufouriellinae, Lyctocoraria, Lyctocoridae, Xylocoraria]C61
         |  i. s.: Eoanthocoris cretaceus Popov 1990SP02, RJ93
         |         Physopleurella Reuter 1885CGW91, G54
         |           |--*P. mundula (White 1877) [=Cardiastethus mundula]G54
         |           |--P. armata Poppius 1909 [incl. P. obscura Poppius 1909]G54
         |           |--P. australis Gross 1954G54
         |           |--P. bribiensis Gross 1954G54
         |           |--P. pacifica Gross 1954G54
         |           `--P. pessoniRD77
         |         Falda Gross 1954G54
         |           `--*F. queenslandica Gross 1954G54
         |         Oplobates Reuter 1895G54
         |           `--*O. femoralis Reuter 1895G54
         |         Orthosoleniopsis Poppius 1909G54
         |           `--*O. australis Poppius 1909G54
         |         Scoloposcelis Fieber 1864G54
         |           |--S. pulchellus [incl. *S. crassipes]G54
         |           `--S. parallelus (Motschulsky 1863) [=Anthocoris parallelus; incl. S. picicornis Poppius 1909]G54
         |         Lasiellidea Reuter 1895G54
         |           `--*L. glaberrima Reuter 1895G54
         |         PoronotellusG54
         |         Plochiocorella Poppius 1909G54
         |           `--*P. elongata Poppius 1909G54
         |--CardiastethusW77
         |--Lyctocoris Hahn 1835G54 [incl. Nesidiocheilus Kirkaldy 1902G54; LycotocoriniW77]
         |    |--L. campestris (Fabricius 1794)C61 [=Acanthia campestrisC61; incl. *L. domesticus Hahn 1835G54]
         |    `--L. subelegans Breddin 1928C61
         |--ScolopiniW77
         |    |--Lasiochiloides Champion 1901C61
         |    `--Blaptostethus Fieber 1860C61
         |         |--*B. piceus Fieber 1860G54
         |         |--B. africanus (Carayon 1956) [=Lasiochiloides africanus]C61
         |         `--B. pleneti (Carayon 1958) [=Lasiochiloides pleneti]C61
         |--AlmeidiniW77
         |    |  i. s.: ‘Piezostethus’ machadoi Carvalho 1952W77
         |    |--Almeida Distant 1910W77
         |    |--Lippomanus Distant 1904W77
         |    `--Australmeida Woodward 1977W77
         |         `--*A. derricki (Gross 1954) [=Lasiochilus derricki]W77
         `--XylocoriniW77
              |--Piezostethus galactinusW77, G89
              `--Xylocoris Dufour 1831G54
                   |  i. s.: X. dimidiataL49
                   |         X. discalisG54
                   |         X. hirsutus Carayon 1961C61
                   |         X. parisiensisL49
                   |         X. queenslandicus Gross 1954G54
                   |--X. (Xylocoris)C61
                   |    |--X. (X.) cursitans (Fallén 1807)C61 [=Anthocoris cursitansC61; incl. *X. rufipennis Dufour 1831G54]
                   |    |--X. (X.) afer (Reuter 1884) [=Piezostethus afer]C61
                   |    `--X. (X.) galactinusC61
                   `--X. (Arrostus) flavipes (Reuter 1875) (see below for synonymy)C61

Xylocoris (Arrostus) flavipes (Reuter 1875) [=Piezostethus flavipes; incl. Triphleps frumenti Zacher 1922, T. ramae Narayanan & Chatterji 1953, T. sinui Narayanan & Chatterji 1952]^C61

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[C61] Carayon, J. 1961. Hemiptera (Heteroptera): Anthocoridae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck (eds) South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 533–557. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso “Esploratore” dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a , 7: 5–72.

[G54] Gross, G. F. 1954. A revision of the flower bugs (Heteroptera Anthocoridae) of the Australian and adjacent Pacific regions. Part I. Records of the South Australian Museum 11 (2): 129–164.

[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[L49] Lucas, H. 1849. Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d’une commission académique. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. II. Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Troisième partie. Insectes (suite). Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SP02] Shcherbakov, D. E., & Yu. A. Popov. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781: Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. [=Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, =Homoptera Leach, 1815+Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 143–157. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[W77] Woodward, T. E. 1977. The occurrence of Almeidini (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Australia, with the description of a new genus. Systematic Entomology 2: 255–260.