Belongs within: Sternorrhyncha.
Contains: Phloemyzidae, Greenideidae, Aphididae.
The Aphidoidea are a diverse group of plant-sucking bugs that often exhibit an alternation of generations between alate, sexual and apterous, parthenogenetic forms. Alate forms have wings in which the bases of veins R, M and Cu are fused into a thick longitudinal vein near the costal edge terminating in a large stigma, from which the M and Cu veins diverge basally (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). In members of the modern families Phylloxeridae and Adelgidae, both parthenogenetic and sexual generations are oviparous. Phylloxeridae have fewer rhinaria on the antennae than Adelgidae and wings of alate forms are held flat over the abdomen in repose (Carver et al. 1991).
<==Aphidoidea [Aphididoidea]GE05
|--Grimmenaphis magnificaGE05
|--Juraphis crassipesGE05
|--ShaposhnikoviidaeRJ93
| |--Tinaphis sibirica Vengerek 1989GE05, RJ93
| `--Shaposhnikovia electriRJ93
`--+--PhylloxeroideaSP02
| | i. s.: Palaeophylloxera seilacheri Heie & Peñalver 1999WP02
| |--PhylloxeridaeGE05
| | |--Daktulosphaira vitifoliiCGW91 [=Viteus vitifoliiCGW91; incl. Phylloxera vastatrixWEE70]
| | |--Phylloxerina salicisCGW91
| | |--Phylloxera quercusRD77
| | `--Moritziella Börner 1908CGW91, CS91
| | `--M. corticalisCGW91
| `--+--MesozoicaphididaeGE05
| |--Taymyraphididae [Tajmyraphididae]GE05
| | |--Tajmyraphis beckermigdisovaeRJ93
| | |--JantardakhiaP92
| | |--KhatangaphisP92
| | `--RetinaphisP92
| |--ElektraphididaeGE05
| | |--Antonaphis brachyceraRJ93
| | |--SchizoneuritesRJ93
| | |--TajmyrellaP92
| | |--AntiquaphisP92
| | `--ElektraphisP92
| `--AdelgidaeGE05
| |--Pineus piniCGW91
| `--AdelgesS07
| |--A. cooleyiRD77
| |--A. piceaeS07
| |--A. pseudotsugaeSS96
| `--A. tsugaeWP99
`--+--GreenideidaeWP02
|--CretamyzidaeGE05
|--AphididaeGE05
|--ThelaxidaeSP02
| |--Palaeothelaxes setosaRJ93
| `--ThelaxesP92
|--Anoeciidae [Anoeciinae]SP02
| |--Berendtaphis cimicoidesRJ93
| `--AnoeciaRD77
|--MindaridaeSP02
| |--Mindarus abietinusR13
| `--Nordaphis sukatchevaeRJ93
|--CanadaphididaeGE05
| |--Nuuraphis gemma Vengerek 1991RJ93
| |--Canadaphis carpenteriRJ93
| |--AlloambriaP92
| `--PseudambriaP92
`--OviparosiphidaeSP02
|--Bajsaphis Shaposhnikov 1985HW11
|--Acanthotrichaphis Shaposhnikov & Wegierek 1989HW11
|--Vitimaphis Shaposhnikov & Wegierek 1989HW11
|--Sinoviparosiphum Ren 1995H02
| `--*S. lini Ren 1995H02
|--Expansaphis Hong & Wang 1990H02
| |--*E. ovata Hong & Wang 1990H02
| `--E. laticosta Hong & Wang 1990H02
`--Oviparosiphum Shaposhnikov & Wegierek 1989HW11 (see below for synonymy)
|--*O. jakovlevi Shaposhnikov 1979H02
|--O. laturn Hong & Wang 1990H02
|--O. malacum (Zhang et al. 1989) [=Mesoviparosiphum malacum; incl. M. tuanwangense Zhang et al. 1989]H02
`--O. opimum (Zhang et al. 1989) [=Paroviparosiphum opimum; incl. P. camptotrophum Zhang et al. 1989]H02
Aphidoidea incertae sedis:
Longistigma caryaeSP02
CasimiraAY04
Eulachnus tauricus Bozhko 1961MF05
Drepanochaitophorus Zhang & Hong 1999 [Drepanochaitophoridae]H02
`--D. fushunensis Zhang & Hong 1999H02
PhloemyzidaeH02
Dataiaphis Lin 1995H02
`--*D. conferis Lin 1995H02
Chaitophoridae [Chaitophorinae]RD77
|--Sipha elegansRD77, PS96
|--PeriphyllusCGW91
| |--P. californiensisCGW91
| `--P. lyropictusPS96
`--ChaitophorusR96
|--C. nigerR96
|--C. populetiRD77
|--C. populicolaPS96
`--C. utahensisPS96
Oviparosiphum Shaposhnikov & Wegierek 1989HW11 [incl. Mesoviparosiphum Zhang et al. 1989H02, Paroviparosiphum Zhang et al. 1989H02]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AY04] Austin, A. D., D. K. Yeates, G. Cassis, M. J. Fletcher, J. La Salle, J. F. Lawrence, P. B. McQuillan, L. A. Mound, D. J. Bickel, P. J. Gullan, D. F. Hales & G. S. Taylor. 2004. Insects ‘Down Under’—diversity, endemism and evolution of the Australian insect fauna: examples from select orders. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 216–234.
[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[CS91] Colloff, M. J., & E. L. Seyd. 1991. A new species of Moritzoppia from montane sites in the British Isles, with a redescription of M. clavigera (Hammer, 1952) (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae). Journal of Natural History 25: 1067–1074.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[HW11] Homan, A., & P. Wegierek. 2011. A new family of aphids (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia. ZooKeys 130: 167–174.
[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
[MF05] Monserrat, V. J., & S. de Freitas. 2005. Contribución al conocimiento de los crisópidos de Coquimbo, Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). Graellsia 61 (2): 163–179.
[PS96] Pike, K. S., P. Starý, R. Miller, D. Allison, L. Boydston, G. Graf & T. Miller. 1996. New species and host records of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from the Pacific northwest, U.S.A. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 570–591.
[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.
[R96] Raspi, A. 1996. Thaumatomyia elongatula (Becker) (Chloropidae) and Leucopis annulipes Zetterstedt (Chamaemyiidae): two Diptera preying on Phloeomyzus passerinii (Signoret) (Homoptera: Phloeomyzidae) in Italy. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 509–516.
[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SP02] Shcherbakov, D. E., & Yu. A. Popov. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781: Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. [=Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, =Homoptera Leach, 1815 + Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 143–157. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[SS96] Simberloff, D., & P. Stilling. 1996. How risky is biological control? Ecology 77 (7): 1965–1974.
[S07] Ślipiński, A. 2007. Australian Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Their biology and classification. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).
[WP02] Wegierek, P., & E. Peñalver. 2002. Fossil representatives of the family Greenideidae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) from the Miocene of Europe. Geobios 35: 745–757.
[WEE70] Woodward, T. E., J. W. Evans & V. F. Eastop. 1970. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 387–457. Melbourne University Press.