Belongs within: Apiales.
Contains: Mackinlayoideae, Apioideae, Saniculeae.
The Apiaceae, also known as Umbelliferae, is the family of flowering plants including such members as carrots, celery, hemlock and fennel. Most members of the Apiaceae are characterised by (and the family gets its alternative name from) the production of small unspecialised flowers in clustered heads called umbels. Most species are also herbs with hollow or pith-filled stems, pinnately divided leaves with sheathing bases, and specialized fruits (Downie et al. 2000).
Most members of the Apiaceae have been divided between the subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae. Members of the Apioideae bear flowers in compound umbels whereas the umbels of Saniculoideae are simple. Saniculoideae also lack the secretory ducts (vittae) often found on the fruits of Apioideae. The Steganotaenieae are woody African saniculoids with deciduous leaves and dentate leaf margins, and producing fruits with large wings containing internal cavities (Liu et al. 2003).
Basal members of the Apiaceae have historically been included in a subfamily Hydrocotyloideae but Hydrocotyle itself has been transferred to the Araliaceae. However, a subgroup of the ‘hydrocotyloids’ may be retained in the Apiaceae as the subfamily Azorelloideae. Azorella is a genus of densely tufted herbs found in southern South America and on sub-Antarctic islands; fruits are more or less subcylindrical and five-ribbed (Allan 1961). Bolax, found on Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, also forms dense mounds.
<==Apiaceae [Daucaceae, Umbelliferae]
|--+--ApioideaeDK-DW00
| `--Saniculoideae [Saniculidae]DK-DW00
| | i. s.: Phlyctidocarpa flavaCD07, CV06
| |--SaniculeaeLWT03
| `--Steganotaenieae [Steganotaenioideae]CD07
| |--Polemanniopsis marlothiiLWT03
| `--Steganotaenia Hochstetter 1844CD07
| `--S. araliaceaLWT03
`--AzorelloideaeDK-DW00
|--DrusaLP16
|--Diposis bulbocastanumLP16
|--DickinsiaLP16
|--Huanaca andinaLP16
|--Bowlesia Ruiz & Pavon 1794LP16, PC85 [Bowlesieae, Bowlesiinae]
| `--B. incanaH93
|--Asteriscium Chamisso & Schlechtendal 1826LP16, PC85 [Asteriscinae]
| `--A. chilenseLP16
|--Hermas Linnaeus 1771LP16, PC85 [Hermadideae]
| |--H. giganteaCD07
| `--H. quinquedentataCD07
|--EremocharisLP16
| |--E. fruticosaDK-DW00
| `--E. longirameaLP16
|--GymnophytonLP16
| |--G. isatidicarpumLP16
| `--G. robustumLP16
|--Bolax Commerson ex de Jussieu 1789LP16, PC85 [Bolacineae]
| |--B. caespitosusLP16
| `--B. gummiferaDK-DW00
`--Azorella Lamarck 1783 [Azorelleae, Azorellineae]A61
|--A. compactaLP16
|--A. diapensioidesS16
|--A. lycopodioidesD03
|--A. macquariensis Orchard 1989SS92
|--A. pedunculataLWT03
|--A. selago Hooker 1847A61
`--A. trifurcataD03
Apiaceae incertae sedis:
AnisosciadiumYY22
HeterosciadiumYY22
MelopospermumYY22
PhysocaulisYY22
DiplotaeniaYY22
FerulagoYY22
FrommiaYY22
KenopleurumYY22
Laretia Gillies & Hooker 1830 [Laretieae]PC85
`--L. acaulisSBM11
LedebouriellaYY22
VolkensiellaYY22
Elaeoselinum Koch ex de Candolle 1830 [Elaeoselinae, Elaeoselineae]PC85
GuilloneaYY22
MargotiaYY22
Siler Miller 1754 [Silerinae, Silerineae]PC85
Trinia Hoffmann 1816 (nom. cons.) [incl. Apinella Necker ex Rafinesque 1840 (nom. illeg.); Apinelleae]PC85
`--T. glaucaH91
RhyticarpusYY22
AcronemaO88
|--A. handeliiO88
|--A. paniculatumO88
`--A. tenerumO88
Chamaesium novemjugumO88
Cortiella hookeriO88
Physospermopsis obtusiusculaO88
Selinum Linnaeus 1762 (nom. cons.)PC85 [incl. Thysselinum Adans. 1763BGS05; Selineae]
|--S. carvifoliaJ10
|--S. cortioidesO88
|--S. monnieriJ10
`--S. tenuifoliumO88
Archangelica Wolf 1776 [Archangelicinae]PC85
`--A. officinalisTG88
Microsciadium minutumPT98
PlatysaceG04
|--P. filiformisGK00
|--P. junceaGK00
`--P. maxwelliiG04
Glehnia littoralisH93
|--G. l. ssp. littoralisH93
`--G. l. ssp. leiocarpaH93
Levisticum officinaleMH98
Homalosciadium homalocarpumGK00
Siebera linearifoliaH87
Ammoselinum giganteumH93
Apiastrum angustifoliumH93
Ciclospermum Lagasca 1821L95
`--C. leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague 1923 (see below for synonymy)L95
OreonanaH93
|--O. clementisH93
|--O. purpurascensH93
`--O. vestitaH93
Orogenia fusiformisH93
Sphenosciadium capitellatumH93
TauschiaH93
|--T. argutaH93
|--T. glaucaH93
|--T. hartwegiiH93
|--T. howelliiH93
|--T. kelloggiiH93
`--T. parishiiH93
Peucedanites spectabilis Heer 1859CBH93
Piminellites zizioides Unger 1839CBH93
Umbelliferospermum latahense Berry 1929CBH93
Umbelliferopsis Gregor 1982CBH93
Ainsworthia Boiss. 1844KC01
Cesatia Endl. 1838KC01
Gasparinia Bertol. 1839KC01
Tornabenea Parlatore ex Webb 1850 [Tornabenieae]PC85
Ptilimnium Raf. 1825L95
`--P. capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. 1830 [=Ammi capillaceum Michx. 1803]L95
MutellinaBGS05
|--M. corsica [=Ligusticum corsicum]BGS05
`--M. purpurea [incl. Ligusticum mutellina]BGS05
Pachypleurum Ledebour 1829 [Pachypleureae]PC85
`--P. mutellinoides [=Ligusticum mutellinoides]BGS05
CervariaBGS05
|--C. caucasicaBGS05
`--C. rivinii [=Peucedanum cervaria]BGS05
Holandrea [incl. Chabraea Raf. 1840 non Adans. 1763]BGS05
|--H. carvifolium-chabraei (Crantz) Soldano, Galasso & Banfi in Banfi, Galasso & Soldano 2005 (see below for synonymy)BGS05
|--H. nebrodensis (Guss.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano 2005 (see below for synonymy)BGS05
`--H. schottii [=Peucedanum schottii]BGS05
Oreoselinum nigrum [incl. Peucedanum oreoselinum]BGS05
Xanthoselinum venetum [=Peucedanum venetum]BGS05
DystaeniaBGS05
ParaligusticumBGS05
XanthogalumBGS05
PteroselinumBGS05
|--P. austriacum [=Peucedanum austriacum]BGS05
`--P. rablense [=Peucedanum rablense]BGS05
Bifora Hoffmann 1816 (nom. cons.) [incl. Anidrum Necker ex Rafinesque 1840 (nom. illeg.); Anidreae]PC85
Kundmannia Scopoli 1777 (nom. cons.) [incl. Arduina Adanson 1763 (nom. rej.); Arduininae]PC85
Artedia Linnaeus 1753 [Artedieae]PC85
Astydamia de Candolle 1829 [Astydamieae]PC85
Cachrys Linnaeus 1753 [Cachrydeae]PC85
Dorema Don 1831 [Doremeae, Doreminae]PC85
Eriosynaphe de Candolle 1829 [Eriosynaphineae]PC85
‘Heterosperma’ Tausch 1834 non Cav. 1795 [Heterospermeae]PC85
‘Hippomarathrum’ Link 1821 non Gaertner, Meyer & Scherbius 1799 [Hippomarathreae]PC85
Hohenackeria Fischer & Meyer 1836 [Hohenackerieae, Hohenackerioideae]PC85
`--H. bupleurifoliaC55b
Johrenia de Candolle 1829 [Johrenieae]PC85
Libanotis Haller ex Zinn 1757 [Libanotidae]PC85
`--L. montanaC55a
Magydaris Koch ex de Candolle 1829 [Magydarideae]PC85
‘Petagnia’ Gussone 1827 non Rafinesque 1814 [Petagneae]PC85
Schulzia Sprengel 1813 (nom. cons.) [Schultzieae]PC85
Thecocarpus Boissier 1844 [Thecocarpeae]PC85
Trachymarathrum Tausch 1834PC85
MackinlayoideaeLP16
Cannaboides betsileensisLP16
Sison canadense [=Myrrhis canadensis]J10
Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague 1923 [=Pimpinella leptophylla Pers. 1805, Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) Muell. in Benth. & Muell. 1867; incl. Sison ammi Jacq. 1773 non L. 1753, Apium ammi (L.) Urb. 1879, Helosciadium ammi (L.) Britt. 1918]L95
Holandrea carvifolium-chabraei (Crantz) Soldano, Galasso & Banfi in Banfi, Galasso & Soldano 2005 [=Selinum carvifolium-chabraei Crantz 1766, Peucedanum carvifolium-chabraei; incl. Holandrea carvifolia, P. carvifolia (nom. illeg.)]BGS05
Holandrea nebrodensis (Guss.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano 2005 [=Pteroselinum nebrodense Guss. 1844, Peucedanum nebrodense]BGS05
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[BGS05] Banfi, E., G. Galasso & A. Soldano. 2005. Notes on systematics and taxonomy for the Italian vascular flora. 1. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. Museo Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 146 (2): 219–244.
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