Belongs within: Apodi.
Contains: Apodini, Collocalia.
The Apodinae includes the spine-tailed swifts, typical swifts and swiftlets. Members of this group have eutaxic wings, i.e. wings with the full complement of secondary flight feathers, in contrast to the diastataxic wings of the Cypseloidinae. In the spine-tailed swifts of the genera Hirundapus and Chaetura, the tail feathers have the ends of the shafts extending past the vanes as sharp needles. Hirundapus species do not use collected material in the construction of nests, instead nesting in depressions or scrapes at the base of trees.
<==Apodinae [Chaetureae, Chaeturinae, Chaeturini]CC10
| i. s.: MearnsiaMPA77
| |--M. novaeguineaeJT12
| `--M. picinaJT12
| ZoonavenaMPA77
| |--Z. grandidieriJT12
| |--Z. sylvaticaJT12
| `--Z. thomensisJT12
|--Hirundapus Hodgson 1837BKB15, CC10
| |--H. caudacutus (Latham 1802) [=Hirundo caudacuta, Chaetura caudacuta, Choetura (l. c.) caudacuta]CC10
| | |--H. c. caudacutusCC10
| | `--*H. c. nudipesCC10 [=Chaetura caudacuda nudipesA72]
| |--H. celebensisJT12
| |--H. cochinchinensisJT12 [=Chaetura cochinchinensisA72]
| |--H. giganteusJT12
| `--‘Chaetura’ rupchandiA72
`--+--+--NeafrapusBKB15
| | |--N. boehmi (Schalow 1883) [=Chaetura boehmi]M-PG70
| | `--N. cassiniBKB15
| `--+--RhaphiduraBKB15
| | |--R. leucopygialisBKB15
| | `--R. sabiniJT12
| `--Chaetura Stephens 1826BKB15, CC10
| | i. s.: C. baconica Jánossy 1977M02
| | C. brachyuraJT12 [incl. C. cinereicauda Cassin 1895S18]
| | C. egregiaJT12
| | C. fumosa Salvin 1870JT12, W51 [=C. cinereiventris fumosaS18, C. spinicauda fumosaW51]
| | C. giganteaFP64
| | |--C. g. giganteaA72
| | `--C. g. indicaA72
| | C. grandidieriS66
| | C. martinicaJT12
| | C. meridionalisJT12
| | C. sabini Gray 1829 [incl. C. sabini ogowensis]M-PG70
| | C. spinicaudusJT12
| | |--C. s. spinicaudusW51
| | `--C. s. aetherodroma Wetmore 1951W51
| | C. sylvaticaA72
| | C. thomensis Hartert 1900M-PG70
| | C. viridipennisJT12
| |--C. cinereiventrisBKB15
| `--+--+--C. andreiBKB15
| | `--C. chapmani Hellmayr 1907BKB15, S18
| `--+--C. pelagica (Linnaeus 1758)BKB15, S05 [=Hirundo pelagicaS05, C. pelasgiaS05]
| `--C. vauxiBKB15
`--+--ApodiniBKB15
`--+--CollocaliaBKB15
`--+--Hydrochous gigasBKB15
`--AerodramusBKB15
| i. s.: A. amelisAP21
| A. ceramensisAP21
| A. germaniAP21
| A. hirundinaceusAP21
| A. infuscatusAP21
| A. inquietusAP21
| A. leucophaeusAP21
| A. nuditarsusAP21
| A. ocistusAP21
| A. orientalisAP21
| A. pelewensisAP21
| A. sororumAP21
| A. unicolorAP21
|--A. papuensisBKB15
`--+--A. vulcanorumBKB15
`--+--+--+--A. brevirostrisBKB15
| | `--A. maximusBKB15
| `--+--A. terraereginaeBKB15 [=A. spodiopygius terraereginaeM03]
| `--A. whiteheadiBKB15
`--+--+--A. vanikorensisBKB15
| `--+--A. bartschiBKB15 [=A. vanikorensis bartschiFR98]
| `--A. sawtelliBKB15
`--+--A. spodiopygiusBKB15
| |--A. s. spodiopygiusM03
| `--A. s. chillagoensisM03
`--+--A. mearnsiBKB15
`--+--+--A. elaphrusBKB15
| `--A. francicusBKB15
`--+--A. fuciphagusBKB15
`--A. salanganaBKB15
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A72] Abdulali, H. 1972. A catalogue of the birds in the collection of the Bombay Natural History Society—12. Apodidae and Trogonidae. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (2): 378–389.
[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.
[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.
[FR98] Fritts, T. H., & G. H. Rodda. 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: a case history of Guam. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 113–140.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.
[M-PG70] Mackworth-Praed, C. W., & C. H. B. Grant. 1970. African Handbook of Birds ser. 3 vol. 1. Birds of West Central and Western Africa. Longman: London.
[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.
[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.
[MPA77] Moss, W. W., P. C. Peterson & W. T. Atyeo. 1977. A multivariate assessment of phenetic relationships within the feather mite family Eustathiidae (Acari). Systematic Zoology 26 (4): 386–409.
[S05] Schalow, H. 1905. Die Vögel der Arktis. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 79–288. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[S66] Schlegel, H. 1866. Communication from, on mammals and birds collected in Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 419–426.
[S18] Stone, W. 1918. Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 239–280.
[W51] Wetmore, A. 1951. Additional forms of birds from Colombia and Panamá. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (2): 1–11.