Arctocyonidae

Belongs within: Ferae.

The Arctocyonidae are a group of probably omnivorous mammals known from the Palaeocene and early Eocene of Europe and North America. They are generalised in morphology, with more or less tritubercular teeth, simple premolars, and moderately long limbs with paraxonic feet and claw-like unguals. Historically, the family has been used as a receptacle for a number such animals that may not be immediately related.

<==Arctocyonidae [Arctocyonia, Arctocyoninae]
    |--+--Protogonodon pentacusPMF88, S35
    |  `--Deuterogonodon Simpson 1935PMF88, S35
    |       `--*D. montanus Gidley in Simpson 1935 [=Protogonodon montanus Gidley in Simpson 1935 (n. n.)]S35
    `--+--MimotricentesPMF88
       `--+--MentoclaenodonPMF88
          `--+--+--ProcynictisV66
             |  `--Arctocyonides feroxPMF88, V66
             `--ArctocyonPMF88
                  |--*A. primaevus de Blainville 1841HUG17
                  |--A. corrugatusHUG17
                  |--A. feroxPMF88
                  `--A. mumakHUG17

Arctocyonidae incertae sedis:
  Loxolophus [Loxolophinae]HUG17
    |--L. hyattianusHUG17
    |--L. pentacusHUG17
    `--L. priscusHUG17
  Spanoxydon Simpson 1935S35
    `--*S. latrunculus Simpson 1935S35
  CarcinodonGH88
  Deltatherium [incl. Lipodectes Cope 1881]V66
    `--D. fundaminisV66
  TricentesPMF88
    |--T. latidens Gidley in Simpson 1935S35
    `--T. subtrigonusS35
  ‘Tetraclaenodon’ minor (Matthew 1897)T90
  Lantianius Chow 1964SM93
  ZhujegaleR06
  AstigaleR06
  Khashanagale Szalay & McKenna 1971R06, SM71
    `--*K. zofiae Szalay & McKenna 1971SM71
  Karakia Thewissen et al. 2001R06

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[GH88] Gentry, A. W., & J. J. Hooker. 1988. The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 235–272. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[HUG17] Halliday, T. J. D., P. Upchurch & A. Goswami. 2017. Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals. Biological Reviews 92 (1): 521–550.

[PMF88] Prothero, D. R., E. M. Manning & M. Fischer. 1988. The phylogeny of the ungulates. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 201–234. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[R06] Rose, K. D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.

[S35] Simpson, G. G. 1935. New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83 (2981): 221–244.

[SM93] Stucky, R. K., & M. C. McKenna. 1993. Mammalia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 739–771. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SM71] Szalay, F. S., & M. C. McKenna. 1971. Beginning of the age of mammals in Asia: the late Paleocene Gashato fauna, Mongolia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 144 (4): 269–318.

[T90] Thewissen, J. G. M. 1990. Evolution of Paleocene and Eocene Phenacodontidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra). Museum of Paleontology Papers on Paleontology 29: 1–107.

[V66] Van Valen, L. 1966. Deltatheridia, a new order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132 (1): 1–126.