Belongs within: Plecoptera.
Contains: Perlodidae, Perlidae, Leuctridae.
The Arctoperlaria are a clade of stoneflies whose males drum on their substrate with the abdomen to attract females (Grimaldi & Engel 2005).
<==ArctoperlariaT91
|--Systellognatha [Perlomorpha, Setipalpia]T91
| | i. s.: TshekardoperlidaeS02
| | |--Sylvoperlodes zhiltzovaS02
| | `--Tshekardoperla expulsaRJ93
| |--PlatyperlaS02 [PlatyperlidaeGE05]
| | |--P. parricidalis Sinichenkova 1990RJ93
| | `--P. platypodaS02
| |--Perloidea [Subulipalpia]RD77
| | |--PerlodidaeGE05
| | `--+--PerlidaeS02
| | `--ChloroperlidaeS02
| | |--AlloperlaYS01
| | |--Plumiperla diversaTW05
| | `--Dipsoperla serpentisRJ93
| `--+--+--CerconychiaTW05 [StyloperlidaeGE05]
| | `--TallaperlaTW05 [PeltoperlidaeGE05]
| | `--T. lobataTW05
| `--PteronarcysTW05 [Pteronarcoidea, PteronarcyidaeGE05]
| |--P. californicaTW05
| |--P. dorsataRD77
| |--P. princepsH06
| `--P. proteusRD77
`--Euholognatha [Nemourina, Nemouroidea]T91
| i. s.: Barathronympha victimaS02
| MesoleuctridaeS02
| |--Mesoleuctroides saturatusS02
| `--MesoleuctraS02
| |--M. gracilisRJ93
| `--M. tibialisS02
|--ScopuraTW05 [ScopuridaeGE05]
| |--S. longaRD77
| `--S. montanaTW05
`--+--Taeniopterygidae [Taeniopteryginae]GE05
| |--Oemopteryx vanduzeeiTW05
| |--Gurvanopteryx effetaRJ93
| |--TaeniopteryxRD77
| |--RhabdiopteryxRD77
| `--Brachyptera tristisRD77, B86
|--PerlariopseidaeGE05
| |--Dicronemoura furcataS02
| |--Perlariopsis stipitataS02
| |--Spinoperla spinosaS02
| |--Fritaniopsis brevicaulisRJ93
| `--Accretonemoura radiataRJ93
`--+--+--BaleyopterygidaeS02
| | |--Baissoleuctra irinaeRJ93
| | `--BaleyopteryxS02
| | |--B. alteraRJ93
| | `--B. orthocladaS02
| `--+--LeuctridaeGE05
| `--Capniidae [Capniinae]GE05
| |--DobbertinopteryxS02
| |--CapnuraN88
| |--Allocapnia viviparaRD77
| `--CapniaTW05
| |--C. gracilariaTW05
| `--C. nigraRD77
`--+--Notonemouridae [Notonemourinae]GE05
| |--Aphanicerca capensisTW05
| |--Austrocerca tasmanicaT91
| |--Austrocercella hynesiT91
| |--AustrocercoidesT91
| |--KimminsoperlaT91
| |--TasmanocercaT91
| |--NotonemouraT91
| `--SpaniocercaR70
`--NemouridaeGE05
|--Malenka californicaTW05
|--Protonemura zhiltzovae Vinçon & Ravizza 2005F05
|--Nemourisca diligensRJ93
|--Ostrocerca albidipennisTP96
|--Amphinemura nigrittaRD77, N96
|--Paranemoura Needham & Claassen 1925B96
| |--P. perfecta (Walker 1852) (see below for synonymy)B96
| `--P. claasseni Baumann 1996B96
`--Nemoura Latreille 1802L02
|--*N. cylindrica [=Perla cylindrica]L02
|--N. cinereaBB16
`--N. nebulosaG20
Paranemoura perfecta (Walker 1852) [incl. Nemoura punctipennis Claassen 1923, N. (*Paranemoura) punctipennis]B96
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BB16] Bai, M., R. G. Beutel, K.-D. Klass, W. Zhang, X. Yang & B. Wipfler. 2016. Alienoptera—a new insect order in the roach-mantodean twilight zone. Gondwana Research 39: 317–326.
[B96] Baumann, R. W. 1996. A review of the stonefly genus Paranemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) and a new species from the northeast. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (4): 818–826.
[B86] Botosaneanu, L. 1986. Insecta: Plecoptera, Trichoptera. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) p. 619. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[H06] Hassanin, A. 2006. Phylogeny of Arthropoda inferred from mitochondrial sequences: strategies for limiting the misleading effects of multiple changes in pattern and rates of substitution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 100–116.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[N96] Nelson, C. H. 1996. Placement of Helopicus rickeri Stark in Hydroperla Frison (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) with the description of the adult female, nymph, and egg and a cladistic analysis of Hydroperla. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 237–244.
[N88] Noonan, G. R. 1988. Biogeography of North American and Mexican insects, and a critique of vicariance biogeography. Systematic Zoology 37 (4): 366–384.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[R70] Riek, E. F. 1970. Plecoptera (stoneflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 314–322. Melbourne University Press.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[S02] Sinitshenkova, N. D. 2002. Order Perlida Latreille, 1810. The stoneflies (=Plecoptera Burmeister, 1839). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 281–287. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240–257.
[T91] Theischinger, G. 1991. Plecoptera (stoneflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 311–319. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[TP96] Turner, T. S., J. L. Pittman, M. E. Poston, R. L. Petersen, M. Mackenzie, C. H. Nelson & R. M. Duffield. 1996. An unusual occurrence in West Virginia of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the pitcher-plant, Sarracenia purpurea L. (Sarraceniaceae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (1): 119–121.
[YS01] Yoshizawa, K., & T. Saigusa. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhycha (Hemiptera). Systematic Entomology 26: 1–13.