Belongs within: Valvatacea.
The Asterinidae are a family of generally pentagonal or stellate sea stars, adapted for clinging to hard surfaces (Waters et al. 2004). Members of the subfamily Asterininae have papulae widely distributed over the aboral surface, whereas members of the Anseropodinae have the papulae restricted to a narrow radial band (Spencer & Wright 1966).
Characters (from Spencer & Wright 1966): Minute marginals normally present; aboral skeleton composed of imbricated plates bearing grouped or single spinelets or granules; oral intermediate plates in regular transverse series, in some species consisting of virgals; interradial slits or dorsal depressions sometimes present.
<==Asterinidae | i. s.: AquilonastraMG-H11 | |--A. anomala (Clark 1921)BM09 | |--A. cepheus (Müller & Troschel 1842)BM09 | |--A. coronata (von Martens 1866)SM15 | `--A. shirleyae O’Loughlin 2009MG-H11 | Indianastra sarasini (de Loriol 1897)BM09 | ParvulastraMG-H11 | Protremaster uniserialis Smith 1985SG93 |--Anseropodinae [Palmipedinae]SW66 | |--Kampylaster Koehler 1920SW66 | | `--*K. incurvatus Koehler 1920SW66 | |--Mirastrella Fisher 1940SW66 | | `--*M. biradialis Fisher 1940SW66 | `--Anseropoda Nardo 1834 [incl. Carna Gistl 1848, Palmipes Agassiz 1835]SW66 | |--A. placenta (Pennant 1777)SW66 (see below for synonymy) | |--A. macropora Fisher 1913MG-H11 | `--A. rosacea (Lamarck 1816)SM15 `--AsterininaeSW66 | i. s.: Allopatiria Verrill 1913SW66 | `--*A. ocellifera (Gray 1840) [=Patiria ocellifera]SW66 | Asterinopsis Verrill 1914SW66 | `--*A. penicillaris (Lamarck 1916) [=Asterias penicillaris]SW66 | Desmopatiria Verrill 1914SW66 | `--*D. flexilis Verrill 1914SW66 | Disasterina Perrier 1875 [incl. Habroporina Clark 1921]SW66 | `--*D. abnormalis Perrier 1875SW66 | Pseudonepanthia Clark 1916SW66 | `--*P. gotoi Clark 1916SW66 | Tegulaster Livingston 1933SW66 | `--*T. emburyi Livingstone 1933SW66 | Socomia Gray 1840 (n. d.)SW66 |--+--‘Patiriella’ calcarataWOR04 | `--+--‘Patiriella’ exigua [=Asterina exigua]WOR04 | `--+--‘Patiriella’ parviviparaWOR04 | `--‘Patiriella’ viviparaWOR04 `--+--+--Patiriella Verrill 1914WOR04, SW66 | | |--*P. regularis (Verrill 1867) [=Asterina (Asteriscus) regularis]SW66 | | `--P. oliveri [=Asterina oliveri]WOR04 | `--+--‘Patiriella’ pseudoexigua [=Asterina pseudoexigua]WOR04 | `--+--‘Asterina’ scobinataWOR04 | `--+--+--‘Asterina’ batheriWOR04 | | `--‘Asterina’ burtoniWOR04 | `--+--‘Asterina’ coronataWOR04 | `--+--‘Asterina’ anomalaWOR04 | `--‘Asterina’ minorWOR04 `--+--+--Nepanthia Gray 1840WOR04, BH04 [incl. Parasterina Fisher 1908SW66] | | |--*N. maculata Gray 1840SW66 | | |--N. belcheri (Perrier 1875)SM15 | | |--N. brevisW93 | | `--N. troughtoniWOR04 | `--Asteropseidae [Asteropidae, Gymnasteriinae]WOR04 | |--Dermasterias Perrier 1875WOR04, SW66 | | `--D. imbricata (Grube 1857) [=Asteropsis imbricata; incl. *D. inermis Perrier 1875]SW66 | |--Asteropsis Müller & Troschel 1840 (see below for synonymy)SW66 | | `--*A. carinifera (Lamarck 1816) [=Asterias carinifera, *Asterope carinifera]SW66 | |--Diclidaster de Loriol 1897SG93, SW66 | | `--*D. gevreyi de Loriol 1897SW66 | `--Petricia Gray 1847BTH00, SW66 | `--P. vernicina (Lamarck 1816) [=Asterias vernicina; incl. *P. punctata Gray 1847]SW66 `--+--Asterina Nardo 1834WOR04, BH04 | |--*A. gibbosa (Pennant 1777)WOR04, SW66 (see below for synonymy) | |--A. calcarH15 | |--A. panceriiPP64 | |--A. phylacticaWOR04 | `--A. wegaP71 `--+--+--‘Asterina’ chilensisWOR04 | `--+--‘Asterina’ pectiniferaWOR04 [=Patiria pectiniferaKBC03] | `--Patiria Gray 1840 [incl. Callopatiria Verrill 1914, Enoplopatiria Verrill 1914]SW66 | `--P. miniata (Brandt 1835)SW66 (see below for synonymy) `--+--+--Paranepanthia Fisher 1917WOR04, SW66 | | |--*P. platydisca (Fisher 1913) [=Nepanthia platydisca]SW66 | | |--P. aucklandensis [=Asterina aucklandensis]WOR04 | | `--P. grandisWOR04 | `--TremasterinaeSW66 | |--Tremaster Verrill 1879SW66 | | `--*T. mirabilis Verrill 1879SW66 | `--Stegnaster Sladen 1889WOR04, SW66 | `--*S. inflatus (Hutton 1872) [=Pteraster inflatus]SW66 `--+--‘Patiriella’ mortenseniWOR04 `--+--+--‘Patiriella’ gunnii [=Asterina gunnii]WOR04 | `--+--‘Patiriella’ oriensWOR04 | `--+--‘Patiriella’ mediusWOR04 | `--‘Patiriella’ occidensWOR04 `--+--‘Patiriella’ calcarWOR04 `--Meridiastra O’Loughlin 2002WOR04 | i. s.: M. modestaWOR04 | M. rapaWOR04 |--M. fissuraWOR04 `--+--M. atyphoida [=Asterina atyphoida]WOR04 `--M. nigranotaWOR04
Anseropoda placenta (Pennant 1777)SW66 [=Asterias placentaSW66; incl. As. membranacea Retzius 1805SW66, *Anseropoda membranaceaSW66, Palmipes membranaceusBK77]
*Asterina gibbosa (Pennant 1777)WOR04, SW66 [=Asterias gibbosaSW66; incl. Asterias minuta Nardo 1834SW66, Asterina minutaSW66]
Asteropsis Müller & Troschel 1840 [=Asterope Müller & Troschel 1840 non Hübner 1819; incl. Gymnasteria Gray 1840]SW66
Patiria miniata (Brandt 1835)SW66 [=Asterias miniataSW66, Asterina miniataWOR04; incl. *Patiria coccinea Gray 1840SW66]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.
[BH04] Blake, D. B., & F. H. C. Hotchkiss. 2004. Recognition of the asteroid (Echinodermata) crown group: implications of the ventral skeleton. Journal of Paleontology 78: 359–370.
[BTH00] Blake, D. B., A. Tintori & H. Hagdorn. 2000. A new, early crown-group asteroid (Echinodermata) from the Norian (Triassic) of northern Italy. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 106: 141–156.
[BM09] Bryce, C., & L. Marsh. 2009. Echinodermata (Asteroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 209–220.
[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.
[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[P71] Por, F. D. 1971. One hundred years of Suez Canal—a century of Lessepsian migration: retrospect and viewpoints. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 138–159.
[SM15] Sampey, A., & L. M. Marsh. 2015. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: echinoderms. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 207–246.
[SG93] Simms, M. J., A. S. Gale, P. Gilliland, E. P. F. Rose & G. D. Sevastopulo. 1993. Echinodermata. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 491–528. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SW66] Spencer, W. K., & C. W. Wright. 1966. Asterozoans. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt U. Echinodermata 3 vol. 1 pp. U4–U107. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas Press.
[WOR04] Waters, J. M., P. M. O’Loughlin & M. S. Roy. 2004. Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 872–878.
[W93] Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells vol. 1. Prosobranch Gastropods. Part One. Odyssey Publishing: Kallaroo (Western Australia).