Belongs within: Eutheria.
Contains: Pilosa, Dasypodidae, Pan-Paenungulata, Tubulidentata, Afrosoricida, Macroscelididae.
The Atlantogenata are a clade of mammals supported by molecular data uniting the clades Xenarthra and Afrotheria. Xenarthra is the order of mammals containing the anteaters, sloths and armadillos, and is primarily found in South America. The name refers to the distinctive vertebrae of members of the clade. In older references this group was commonly referred to the Edentata, meaning ‘toothless’, but only the anteaters (Myrmecophagidae) are truly toothless; the sloths and armadillos retain enamelless back teeth. The armadillos and their extinct relatives in the Cingulata are characterised by dorsal armour formed from osteoderms covered in keratinous scales, that may be variously fused to form plates. The sloths and anteaters retain a uniform covering of thick hair. Anteaters have elongate snouts and tongues used for feeding on social insects.
The Afrotheria is a clade of mammals united by molecular analyses, though morphological support for the clade remains elusive. Most phylogenies support division of living afrotherians between the insectivorous taxa—Afrosoricida (golden moles and tenrecs), Macroscelididae (elephant shrews) and Orycteropus afer (aardvark)—and the herbivorous Paenungulata. Possible fossil afrotherians include the Ptolemaiida, a group of insectivorous or omnivorous mammals known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Africa. At least one ptolemaiidan, Kelba quadeemae, was probably about the size of a modern coyote (Cote et al. 2007).
<==Atlantogenata [Hicanodonta]HUG17 |--XenarthraHUG17 | | i. s.: Proeutatus Ameghino 1891BAA04 | | `--P. lagenaA05a | | Propaopus Ameghino 1881BAA04 | |--PilosaDSD03 | `--Cingulata [Dasypoda, Dasypodoidea]DSD03 | |--DasypodidaeBAA04 | |--GlyptatelidaeSM93 | | |--Glyptatelus Ameghino 1897SM93 | | `--Clypeotherium Scillato-Yane 1977SM93 | |--Peltephilidae [Peltateloidea]BAA04 | | |--Epipeltephilus Ameghino 1904SM93 | | `--Peltephilus Ameghino 1887BAA04 | | `--P. feroxD07 | `--StegotheriidaeA05c | |--Necrodasypus galliae Filhol 1894 [=Necromanis galliae]A05c | |--Pseudostegotherium glangeaudiA05c, A05b | `--Stegotherium Ameghino 1887M94, BAA04 | |--S. simplex [=Scotaeops simplex]A05c | |--S. tessellatumM94 | `--S. variegatumD07 `--Afrotheria [Colbertia]HUG17 | i. s.: PtolemaiidaCW07 | |--Kelba Savage 1965 [Kelbidae]CW07 | | `--K. quadeemae Savage 1965 [incl. Kenyalutra songhorensis, Ndamathaia kubwa]CW07 | `--Ptolemaiidae [Ptolemayidae]CW07 | |--Qarunavus Simons & Gingerich 1974SM93 | | `--Q. meyeri Simons & Gingerich 1974CW07 | |--Ptolemaia Osborn 1908CW07 | | |--*P. lyonsi Osborn 1908CW07 | | `--P. grangeri Bown & Simons 1987CW07 | `--Cleopatrodon Bown & Simons 1987CW07 | |--C. ayeshae Bown & Simons 1987CW07 | `--C. robusta Bown & Simons 1987CW07 | Ocepeia daouiensisHUG17 |--Pan-PaenungulataOB13 `--AfroinsectiphiliaHUG17 |--+--TubulidentataFS15 | `--Plesiorycteropus Filhol 1895ANG03, M94 (see below for synonymy) | |--*P. madagascariensis Filhol 1895 (see below for synonymy)M94 | `--P. germainepetterae MacPhee 1994M94 `--AfroinsectivoraOB13 |--AfrosoricidaOB13 `--MacroscelideaSM93 |--MacroscelididaeOB13 |--+--Dilambdogale gheerbrantiHUG17 | `--WidanelfarasiaHUG17 | |--W. bowniHUG17 | `--W. rasmusseniHUG17 `--+--PseudictopidaeSM93 | |--Pseudictops Matthew, Granger & Simpson 1929AM05, V67 | | `--P. lophiodon Matthew, Granger & Simpson 1929 [incl. P. arilophiodon Trofimov 1952]SM71 | |--Paranictops Qiu 1977SM93 | |--Anictops Qiu 1977SM93 | |--Cartictops Ding & Tong 1979SM93 | `--Mingotherium Schoch 1985SM93 `--AnagalidaeMHL03 |--Anagalopsis Bohlin 1951V67 |--Anaptogale Xu 1976SM93 |--Chianshania Xu 1976SM93 |--Wanogale Xu 1976SM93 |--Linnania Chow et al. 1973SM93 |--Stenanagale Wang 1975SM93 |--EosigaleR06 |--Hsiuannania maguensisR06, HC97 |--QipaniaR06 `--Anagale Simpson 1931AM05, V67 `--A. gobiensisMHL03
Plesiorycteropus Filhol 1895ANG03, M94 [incl. Myoryctes Forsyth Major 1908 non Eberth 1863M94, Majoria Thomas 1915M94; Bibymalagasia, Plesiorycteropodidae, Plesiorycteropodinae]
*Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis Filhol 1895 [incl. Hypogeomys boulei Grandidier 1912, Myoryctes rapeto Forsyth Major 1908, Majoria rapeto]M94
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[A05b] Ameghino, F. 1905b. La perforación astragaliana en el Orycteropus y el origen de los Orycteropidae. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 59–95.
[A05c] Ameghino, F. 1905c. Les édentés fossiles de France et d’Allemagne. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 175–250.
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[BAA04] Bergqvist, L. P., E. A. L. Abrantes & L. dos S. Avilla. 2004. The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geodiversitas 26 (2): 323–337.
[CW07] Cote, S., L. Werdelin, E. R. Seiffert & J. C. Barry. 2007. Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationship to the order Ptolemaiida. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104 (13): 5510–5515.
[DSD03] Delsuc, F., M. J. Stanhope & E. J. P. Douzery. 2003. Molecular systematics of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae): contribution of maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 261–275.
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[M94] MacPhee, R. D. E. 1994. Morphology, adaptations, and relationships of Plesiorycteropus, and a diagnosis of a new order of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 220: 1–214.
[OB13] O’Leary, M. A., J. I. Bloch, J. J. Flynn, T. J. Gaudin, A. Giallombardo, N. P. Giannini, S. L. Goldberg, B. P. Kraatz, Z.-X. Luo, J. Meng, X. Ni, M. J. Novacek, F. A. Perini, Z. S. Randall, G. W. Rougier, E. J. Sargis, M. T. Silcox, N. B. Simmons, M. Spaulding, P. M. Velazco, M. Weksler, J. R. Wible & A. L. Cirranello. 2013. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K–Pg radiation of placentals. Science 339: 662–667.
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[SM93] Stucky, R. K., & M. C. McKenna. 1993. Mammalia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 739–771. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SM71] Szalay, F. S., & M. C. McKenna. 1971. Beginning of the age of mammals in Asia: the late Paleocene Gashato fauna, Mongolia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 144 (4): 269–318.
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