Austrobaileyales

Belongs within: Angiospermae.

The Austrobaileyales are a small clade (about 100 species) of flowering plants found in the Indo-Australian region and southern North America. The clade has been shown to occupy a basal position in angiosperm phylogeny. Representatives include the common star anise Illicium verum whose fruits are used as a flavouring.

Synapomorphies (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Tiglic acid present; vessels solitary; nodes 1:2; petiole bundle(s) arcuate; mucilaginous extragynoecial compitum present, outer integument 5-7 cells thick; fruit a berrylet; perianth deciduous; mesotestal cells ± sclerotic; endosperm starchy.

<==Austrobaileyales [Illiciales]
    |--Austrobaileya [Austrobaileyaceae]SR07
    |    `--A. scandens White 1933CD07
    `--+--TrimeniaceaeFF01
       |    |--Piptocalyx mooreiH90
       |    `--TrimeniaC01
       `--IlliciineaeT00
            |--SchisandraceaeSR07
            |    |--Kadsura heterocliteT00, WM14
            |    `--SchisandraSR07
            |         |--S. chinensisWZ99
            |         |--S. marmorataT-W89
            |         `--S. sphenantheraSR07
            `--Illicium [Illiciaceae]SR07
                 |--I. anisatumDS04
                 |--I. ekmaniiJ87
                 |--I. geiseltalenseJD05
                 |--I. oligandrumMS10
                 |--I. parviflorumDS04
                 |--I. religiosumLO98
                 `--I. verumSBM11

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[C01] Carlquist, S. 2001. Observations on the vegetative anatomy of Austrobaileya: habital, organographic and phylogenetic conclusions. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135 (1): 1–11.

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.

[FF01] Friedman, W. E., & S. K. Floyd. 2001. Perspective: the origin of flowering plants and their reproductive biology—a tale of two phylogenies. Evolution 55 (2): 217–231.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[JD05] Junge, F. W., M. Dolezych, H. Walther, T. Böttger, A. Kühl, L. Kunzmann, P. Morgenstern, T. Steinberg & R. Stange. 2005. Ein Fenster in Landschaft und Vegetation vor 37 Millionen Jahren: Lithologische, sedimentgeochemische und paläobotanische Befunde aus einem Paläoflusssystem des Weißelsterbeckens. Mauritiana 19 (2): 185–273.

[LO98] Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263–276.

[MS10] Moore, M. J., P. S. Soltis, C. D. Bell, J. G. Burleigh & D. E. Soltis. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (10): 4623–4628.

[SR07] Saarela, J. M., H. S. Rai, J. A. Doyle, P. K. Endress, S. Mathews, A. D. Marchant, B. G. Briggs & S. W. Graham. 2007. Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Nature 446: 312–315.

[SBM11] Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg & D. W. Martin (eds) 2011. Biology 9^th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[WM14] Wickett, N. H., S. Mirarab, N. Nguyen, T. Warnow, E. Carpenter, N. Matasci, S. Ayyampalayam, M. S. Barker, J. G. Burleigh, M. A. Gitzendanner, B. R. Ruhfel, E. Wafula, J. P. Der, S. W. Graham, S. Mathews, M. Melkonian, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, N. W. Miles, C. J. Rothfels, L. Pokorny, A. J. Shaw, L. DeGeronimo, D. W. Stevenson, B. Surek, J. C. Villarreal, B. Roure, H. Philippe, C. W. dePamphilis, T. Chen, M. K. Deyholos, R. S. Baucom, T. M. Kutchan, M. M. Augustin, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Tian, Z. Yan, X. Wu, X. Sun, G. K.-S. Wong & J. Leebens-Mack. 2014. Phylotranscriptomic analysis of the origin and early diversification of land plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 111 (45): E4859–E4868.