Brachycephalidae

Belongs within: Hyloidea.

The Brachycephalidae are a group of small, leaf-litter dwelling frogs found in southern Brazil (Frost et al. 2006). Ischnocnema includes those species from eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina historically assigned to the genus Eleutherodactylus.

Characters (from Frost et al. 2006): Distinguishable sternum absent through fusion; epicoracoid cartilages completely ossified with coracoids and clavicles; digits reduced; axillary amplexus; direct development with very large terrestrial eggs.

<==Brachycephalidae [Brachycephalina]
    |  i. s.: ‘Eleutherodactylus’ juipocaFG06
    |--Phyllonastes Heyer 1977FG06
    |--Brachycephalus Fitzinger 1826FG06
    |    `--B. ephippiumPW11
    `--Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken 1862FG06
         |  i. s.: I. quixensisFG06
         |         I. sanderi Padial, Reichle & De la Riva 2005PRDR05
         |--+--I. holtiPW11
         |  `--I. juipocaPW11
         `--+--I. parvaPW11
            `--+--I. guentheriPW11
               `--I. hoehneiPW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[PRDR05] Padial, J. M., S. Reichle & I. De la Riva. 2005. Ischnocnema sanderi Padial, Reichle & De la Riva, 2005 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): a nomenclatural note. Graellsia 61 (1): 143.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.