Belongs within: Brassicales.
Contains: Descurainia, Erysimum, Alyssum, Draba, Caulanthus, Streptanthus, Thelypodium, Lepidium, Cardamine, Rorippa, Arabis, Brassica.
The Brassicaceae are a cosmopolitan family of herbs and sub-shrubs. The alternative name Cruciferae (meaning ‘cross-bearer’) refers to the cross-shaped flowers of members of this family, with four petals. The Brassicaceae include a number of species grown as food plants, the most important of which are species of the genus Brassica. Others include radish Raphanus sativus, rocket Eruca sativa and watercress Nasturtium officinale. The horseradish Armoracia rusticana is grown for its root, pungent when cut and used as a condiment. The mouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana has become a significant model organism used in research on plant genetics.
Tribes within the Brassicaceae can be distinguished on the basis of characters of the fruits and cotyledons (Allan 1961). Members of the Arabideae have cotyledons that are accumbent (with the radicle lying perpendicular to the cotyledons) and a fruit that is a silique (an elongate capsule formed from two fused carpels more than three times as long as wide). Cheesemania is a genus of perennial herbs in Arabideae with a very stout root stock and rosulate basal leaves (Allan 1961). In Lepideae and Sisymbrieae the cotyledons are incumbent (lying parallel to the radicle); Sisymbrieae have the fruit as a silique whereas that of Lepideae is a short silique or a silicle (less than three times as long as wide). Members of the Lepideae include the endemic New Zealand genus Notothlaspi in which pods are broadly winged and contain multiple seeds per cell (Allan 1961).
Characters (Allan 1961): Annual to perennial herbs or subshrubs with mostly alternate exstipulate leaves. Flowers perfect, regular, or nearly so, usually in bractless racemes; sepals 4, petals 4–(0); stamens usually 6, tetradynamous; anthers 2–(1)-celled. Ovary usually of two united carpels, divided by a thin membrane into ‘cells’; stigmas 2, often connate; fruit usually dehiscent. Seeds usually without endosperm; cotyledons accumbent, incumbent or sometimes conduplicate.
<==Brassicaceae [Cruciales, Cruciferae]
|--LepideaeA61
| |--LepidiumLM98
| `--Notothlaspi Hook. f. 1862A61
| |--N. australe Hook. f. 1864 [=Thlaspi australe Hook. f. 1855]A61
| | |--N. a. var. australeA61
| | `--N. a. var. stellatum Kirk 1899A61
| `--N. rosulatum Hook. f. 1864 [incl. N. rosulatum var. hursthousei Petrie 1926, N. notabilis Buchan. 1882]A61
|--ArabideaeA61
| |--CardamineA61
| |--RorippaA61
| |--ArabisC06
| `--Cheesemania Schulz 1929A61
| |--C. enysii (Cheesem.) Schulz 1929 (see below for synonymy)A61
| |--C. fastigiata (Hook. f.) Schulz 1929 (see below for synonymy)A61
| | |--C. f. var. fastigiataA61
| | `--C. f. var. stellata Allan 1947A61
| |--C. latesiliqua (Cheesem.) Schulz 1929A61 (see below for synonymy)
| |--C. radicataA61
| `--C. wallii (Carse) Allan 1947 [=Nasturtium wallii Carse 1926]A61
|--SisymbrieaeA61
| |--Ischnocarpus Schulz 1924A61
| | `--I. novae-zelandiae (Hook. f.) Schulz 1924 [=Sisymbrium novae-zelandiae Hook. f. 1864]A61
| |--Iti Garnock-Jones & Johnson 1988G-J91
| | `--I. lacustrisG-J91
| |--Pachycladon Hook. f. 1867G-J91, A61
| | |--P. crenata Phillipson 1957A61
| | `--P. novae-zelandiae Hook. f. 1867 (see below for synonymy)A61
| `--SisymbriumM99
| |--S. altissimumH93
| |--S. erysimoidesH93
| |--S. irioM99
| |--S. loeseliiH93
| |--S. officinaleC06
| |--S. orientaleKM08
| |--S. polyceratiumC55b
| |--S. sophiaC06
| `--S. thellungiiH90
`--BrassiceaeS16
| i. s.: ErucastrumS16
| |--E. abyssinicum (Rich.) Schulz 1916 [=E. arabicum var. abyssinicum Rich. 1847]S16
| |--E. cardaminoides (Webb) Schulz 1916 [=E. canariense var. cardaminoides Webb 1887]S16
| |--E. elatum (Ball) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica elata Ball 1873]S16
| |--E. gallicum (Willd.) Schulz 1916 (see below for synonymy)S16
| |--E. laevigatum (L.) Schulz 1916 [=Sinapis laevigata L. 1760; incl. E. boeticum Nyman 1854–1855]S16
| |--E. nasturtiifolium (Poiret) Schulz 1916 (see below for synonymy)S16
| |--E. strigosum (Thunb.) Schulz 1916 [=Sisymbrium strigosum Thunb. 1794]S16
| `--E. thellungii Schulz 1916S16
| CrambeS16
| |--C. gomeraeMP05
| |--C. hispanicaC55b
| |--C. kilimandscharica Schulz 1916S16
| |--C. maritimaC55a
| `--C. orientalisC55b
| ErucariaS16
| |--E. bornmuelleri Schulz 1916S16
| | |--E. b. var. bornmuelleriS16
| | `--E. b. var. liocarpa Schulz 1916S16
| |--E. cakiloidea (DC.) Schulz 1916 [=Raphanus cakiloideus DC. 1821]S16
| `--E. hispanicaAGF98
| ZillaS16
| |--Z. biparmata Schulz 1916S16
| |--Z. macropteraD17
| |--Z. myagroidesD17
| `--Z. spinosaAGF98
| DiplotaxisS16
| |--D. cossoneana (Reuter) Schulz 1916 [=Erucastrum cossoneanum Reuter in Boissier 1856]S16
| |--D. duveyrieranaD17
| |--D. erucoidesGR98
| |--D. glauca (Schmidt) Schulz 1916 [=Sinapidendron glaucum Schmidt 1852]S16
| |--D. gracilis (Webb) Schulz 1916 [=Sinapidendron gracile Webb in Hook. 1848]S16
| |--D. harraD17
| |--D. muralisC06
| |--D. tenuifoliaC55b
| `--D. vogelii (Webb) Schulz 1916 [=Sinapidendron vogelii Webb in Hook. 1848]S16
| ErucaS16
| |--E. loncholoma (Pomel) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica loncholoma Pomel 1874]S16
| `--E. vesicariaH93
| |--E. v. ssp. vesicariaH93
| |--E. ‘sativa’ var. aureaD17
| `--E. v. ssp. sativaH93
| HirschfeldiaS16
| |--H. incana [incl. H. adpressa, Brassica geniculata]H93
| `--H. rostrata (Balf. fil.) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica rostrata Balf. fil. 1882]S16
| OrychophragmusS16
| |--O. violaceus (L.) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica violacea L. 1753; incl. O. sonchifolius Bunge 1835]S16
| `--O. winkleri (Regel) Schulz 1916 [=Moricandia winkleri Regel 1884]S16
| Reboudia pinnata (Viv.) Schulz 1916 [=Raphanus pinnatus Viv. 1824; incl. Re. microcarpa Coss. 1885]S16
| SinapisS16
| |--S. albaH93 [=Brassica albaPT01; incl. B. hirtaH93]
| |--S. arvensis [incl. Brassica kaber, B. kaber var. pinnatifida, B. kaber var. schkuhriana]H93
| |--S. aucheri (Boiss.) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica aucheri Boiss. 1842]S16
| |--S. dissectaC55a
| `--S. nigraC55b
|--Distomocarpus Schulz 1916 [Vellinae]S16
| `--*D. maroccanus Schulz 1916S16
|--MoricandiinaeS16
| |--MoricandiaS16
| | |--M. arvensisS16
| | `--M. suffruticosaD17
| `--Pseuderucaria (Boissier) Schulz 1916 [=Moricandia sect. Pseuderucaria Boissier 1867]S16
| |--P. clavata (Boissier & Reuter) Schulz 1916 [=Moricandia clavata Boissier & Reuter in Boissier 1856]S16
| |--P. teretifolia (Desfont.) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica teretifolia Desfont. 1798–1800]S16
| `--P. tourneuxii (Cosson) Schulz 1916 [=Moricandia tourneuxii Cosson 1882]S16
`--BrassicinaeS16
|--BrassicaCD07
|--Trachystoma Schulz 1916S16
| `--*T. ballii Schulz 1916S16
`--Brassicella Fourreau 1868 [incl. Rhynchosinapis v. Hayek 1911]S16
|--B. erucastrum (L.) Schulz 1916 (see below for synonymy)S16
|--B. monensis (L.) Schulz 1916 [=Sisymbrium monense L. 1753, Brassica monensis Huds. 1778]S16
|--B. nivalis (Boissier & Heldreich) Schulz 1916 (see below for synonymy)S16
|--B. pseudo-erucastrum (Brotero) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica pseudo-erucastrum Brotero 1804]S16
|--B. richeri (Villars) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica richeri Villars 1779]S16
`--B. valentina (L.) Schulz 1916 [=Sisymbrium valentinum L. 1763, Brassica valentina DC. 1821]S16
Brassicaceae incertae sedis:
Isatis tinctoriaPT01
Lobularia maritimaPT01
Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold 1842PT01, AS12
Arcyosperma primulifoliumO88
Christolea crassifoliaO88
Chrysobraya glaricolaO88
Desideria nepalensisO88
Dilophia Thomson 1853KC01
`--D. salsaO88
Dontostemon pectinatusO88
Ermaniopsis pumilaO88
Eutrema heterophyllumO88
Glaribraya lowndesiiO88
Loxostemon pulchellusO88
Megacarpaea polyandraO88
Phaeonychium parryoidesO88
Pycnoplinthopsis bhutanicaO88
Torularia humilisO88
Alliaria petiolataTG88
CardariaY98
|--C. chalepensisH93
|--C. draba [incl. C. draba var. repens]H93
`--C. pubescens [incl. C. pubescens var. elongata]H93
CoronopusY98
|--C. didymusY98
`--C. squamatusH93
Clypeola jonthlaspiPT98
FarsetiaPP07
|--F. aegyptiacaD17
|--F. chudaei Batt. & Trab. 1906D17
|--F. hamiltoniiPP07
|--F. linearisD17
`--F. ramosissimaD17
Conringia orientalisH91
CapsellaC06
|--C. bursa-pastorisC06
`--C. procumbens [incl. C. elliptica]C06
Rapistrum rugosumM99, M65
CakileKM08
|--C. edentula [incl. C. edentula var. californica]H93
`--C. maritimaKM08
IberisC06
|--I. amaraC06
`--I. umbellataPT01
LunariaPT01
|--L. annuaPT01
`--L. redivivaC55a
HutchinsiaC55a
|--H. petraea [=Lepidium petraeum]C55a
`--H. procumbensH93
BrayaO88
|--B. alpinaC55b
`--B. oxycarpaO88
ErmaniaO88
|--E. himalayensisO88
`--E. linearisO88
Lignariella hobsoniiO88
|--L. h. ssp. hobsoniiO88
`--L. h. ssp. serpensO88
PegaeophytonO88
|--P. minutumO88
`--P. scapiflorumO88
StaintoniellaO88
|--S. nepalensisO88
`--S. verticillataO88
Aethionema saxatile (Linnaeus) Brown 1812PL04
|--A. s. ssp. saxatileY98
`--A. s. ssp. creticumY98
BuniasY98
|--B. erucagoY98
`--B. orientalisC55b
CalepinaPT98
|--C. corvini [incl. Bunias cochlearioides]C55b
`--C. irregularisPT98
Smelowskia Meyer ex Ledebour 1830 (nom. cons. prop.) (see below for synonymy)A-S03
|--S. alba [=Sisymbrium album, *Sm. cinerea Ledebour 1830 (nom. illeg.)]A-S03
|--S. ovalisH93
| |--S. o. var. ovalisH93
| `--S. o. var. congestaH93
`--‘*Redowskia’ sophiifolia von Chamisso & Schltdl. 1826A-S03
StenopetalumG04
|--S. filifoliumG04
|--S. lineareH90
|--S. nutansH90
|--S. pedicellareG04
|--S. robustumK90
|--S. sphaerocarpumH90
`--S. velutinumH90
HornungiaKM08
|--H. alpina [=Hutchinsia alpina, Pritzelago alpina]BGS05
| |--H. a. ssp. alpina [incl. Hutchinsia alpina ssp. brevicaulis, Pritzelago alpina ssp. brevicaulis]BGS05
| `--H. a. ssp. austroalpina (see below for synonymy)BGS05
|--H. pauciflora [=Hymenolobus procumbens ssp. pauciflorus]BGS05
|--H. petraeaH91
|--H. procumbens [=Hymenolobus procumbens]BGS05
`--H. revelierei [=Hymenolobus procumbens ssp. revelierei]BGS05
DescurainiaES06
ErophilaC06
|--E. macrocarpaPT98
|--E. vernaG88
| |--E. v. ssp. vernaH90
| `--E. v. ssp. praecoxH90
`--E. vulgarisC06
BiscutellaPT98
|--B. didymaPT98
|--B. laevigataD37
`--B. prealpina Raffaelli & Baldoin 1997PS98
HesperisC06
|--H. matronalisC06
| |--H. m. ssp. matronalisH09
| `--H. m. ssp. candidaH09
`--H. oblongifoliaH09
BarbareaGR98
|--B. australisH90
|--B. grayiH90
|--B. orthoceras [incl. B. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa]H93
|--B. praecoxC06
|--B. vernaPT01
`--B. vulgarisGR98
|--B. v. ssp. vulgarisGR98
`--B. v. ssp. arcuataGR98
HeliophilaCV06
|--H. deserticolaCV06
| |--H. d. var. deserticolaCV06
| `--H. d. var. micranthaCV06
`--H. obibensisCV06
MatthiolaM99
|--M. annuaD59
|--M. bicornisPT01
|--M. glabraD59
|--M. incanaM99
|--M. lividaD17
`--M. sinuataPT98
ErysimumH93
RaphanusC06
|--R. raphanistrumPT98
`--R. sativusC06
|--R. s. var. sativusW02
|--R. s. var. longipinnatusP88
`--R. s. var. oleiformisW02
MalcolmiaC06
|--M. aegyptiacaD17
|--M. africanaH93
|--M. chiaPT98
|--M. flexuosaPT98
|--M. littoreaC74
|--M. macrocalyx (Halácsy) Rech. 1929PL04
| |--M. m. ssp. macrocalyxPL04
| `--M. m. ssp. scyria (Rech.) Ball 1963PL04
`--M. maritimaC06
NasturtiumC06
|--N. microphyllumHE80
|--N. officinaleBMM99
`--N. pyrenaicumC55a
AlyssumC06
ThlaspiH91
|--T. alliaceumC55b
|--T. alpestreC55b
|--T. andersoniiO88
|--T. arvenseO88
|--T. californicum [=T. alpestre var. californicum, T. montanum var. californicum]H93
|--T. cochlearioidesO88
|--T. magellanicumD03
|--T. montanum [incl. T. fendleri var. hesperium, T. glaucum var. hesperium]H93
`--T. perfoliatumH91
DrabaO88
HarmsiodoxaM99
|--H. blennodioidesM99
|--H. brevipesH90
| |--H. b. var. brevipesH90
| `--H. b. var. majorH90
`--H. puberulaM99
BlennodiaM99
|--B. canescensH90
`--B. pterospermaM99
Cochlearia L. 1753KC01
|--C. armoraciaC06
|--C. anglicaG60
|--C. cochlearioides [incl. C. flava]TS72
|--C. danicaG60
|--C. officinalisG60
| |--C. o. var. officinalisH93
| `--C. o. var. arcticaH93
`--C. rusticanaC55b
CamelinaH93
|--C. alyssumH90
|--C. microcarpaH93
`--C. sativaC06
Senebiera Decandolle 1799C06, D99
|--S. coronopusC06
|--S. didymaC06
|--S. integrifolia Decandolle 1799D99
`--S. pinnatifida Decandolle 1799D99
Anelsonia eurycarpa [=Phoenicaulis eurycarpa]H93
Armoracia rusticanaH93
Athysanus pusillusH93
Aubrieta deltoideaH93
|--A. d. ssp. deltoideaH09
`--A. d. ssp. falcataH09
CaulanthusH93
Caulostramina jaegeri [=Thelypodium jaegeri]H93
Chorispora tenellaH93
CusickiellaH93
|--C. douglasii [incl. Draba douglasii var. crockeri]H93
`--C. quadricostata [=Draba quadricostata]H93
DithyreaH93
|--D. californicaH93
|--D. maritimaH93
`--D. wislizeniR35
Euclidium syriacumH93
GuilleniaH93
|--G. flavescens [=Thelypodium flavescens]H93
|--G. lasiophylla (see below for synonymy)H93
`--G. lemmonii [=Thelypodium lemmonii]H93
HalimolobosH93
|--H. jaegeri [=H. diffusa var. jaegeri]H93
`--H. virgataH93
Heterodraba unilateralisH93
Idahoa scapigeraH93
LesquerellaH93
|--L. arcticaH44
|--L. fendleriKIW98
|--L. kingiiH93
| |--L. k. ssp. kingiiH93
| |--L. k. ssp. bernardinaH93
| `--L. k. ssp. latifoliaH93
|--L. occidentalis [incl. L. cusickii]H93
`--L. tenellaH93
LyrocarpaH93
|--L. coulteriH93
| |--L. c. var. coulteriH93
| `--L. c. var. palmeriH93
`--L. linearifoliaM69
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides [incl. P. cheiranthoides ssp. glabra]H93
Physaria chambersiiH93
Polyctenum fremontiiH93
|--P. f. var. fremontiiH93
`--P. f. var. confertumH93
SibaraH93
|--S. desertiH93
|--S. filifoliaH93
|--S. rosulataH93
`--S. virginicaH93
StanleyaH93
|--S. elataH93
|--S. pinnataH93
| |--S. p. var. pinnataH93
| `--S. p. var. inyoensisH93
`--S. viridifloraH93
Streptanthella longirostris [incl. S. longirostris var. derelicta]H93
StreptanthusH93
Subularia aquaticaH93
|--S. a. var. aquaticaH93
`--S. a. var. americanaH93
TeesdaliaH93
|--T. coronopifoliaH93
`--T. nudicaulisH64
ThelypodiumH93
ThysanocarpusH93
|--T. conchuliferus [=T. laciniatus var. conchuliferus]H93
|--T. curvipes [incl. T. c. var. elegans, T. c. var. eradiatus, T. c. var. longistylus]H93
|--T. laciniatus (see below for synonymy)H93
`--T. radiansH93
TropidocarpumH93
|--T. capparideumH93
`--T. gracile [incl. T. gracile var. dubium]H93
Isatides microcarpa Saporta 1889CBH93
Carrichtera annuaH90
CuphonotusH90
|--C. andraeanusH90
`--C. humistratusH90
PhlegmatospermumH90
|--P. cochlearinumH90
`--P. eremaeumH90
TurritisH90
|--T. glabraH90
`--T. laevigataJ23
ArabidellaH90
|--A. eremigenaH90
|--A. glaucescensH90
|--A. nasturtiumH90
|--A. procumbensH90
`--A. trisectaH90
Menkea australisH90
Drabastrum alpestreH90
Geococcus pusillusH90
IrenepharsusH90
|--I. magicusH90
`--I. trypherusH90
Pachymitus cardaminoidesH90
Cryptospora Kar. & Kir. 1842KC01
Guepinia Bastard 1821KC01
Physalidium Fenzl 11866KC01
Schouwia arabicaD17
Anastatica hierochunticaD17
Morettia canescensD17
Brassicella erucastrum (L.) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica erucastrum L. 1753; incl. Brassica cheiranthos Vill. 1779, Sinapis cheiranthus Koch 1833]S16
Brassicella nivalis (Boissier & Heldreich) Schulz 1916 [=Brassica nivalis Boissier & Heldreich in Boissier 1853]S16
Cheesemania enysii (Cheesem.) Schulz 1929 [=Cardamine enysii Cheesem. ex Kirk 1899, Nasturtium enysii Cheesem. 1911]A61
Cheesemania fastigiata (Hook. f.) Schulz 1929 [=Arabis fastigiata Hook. f. 1855, Cardamine fastigiata Hook. f. 1864, Nasturtium fastigiatum (Hook. f.) Cheesem. 1911; incl. Pachycladon elongata Buchan. 1887, Notothlaspi hookeri Buchan. 1888]A61
Cheesemania latesiliqua (Cheesem.) Schulz 1929A61 [=Cardamine latesiliqua Cheesem. 1883A61, Nasturtium latesiliqua Cheesem. 1883A61; incl. N. gibbsii Cheesem. 1925A61, Cheesemania gibbsii (Cheesem.) Schulz 1929G-J91, A61]
Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz 1916 [=Sisymbrium gallicum Willd. 1809; incl. E. pollichii Schimer & Spenner 1829]S16
Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poiret) Schulz 1916 [=Sinapis nasturtiifolia Poiret 1796; incl. Sisymbrium obtusangulum Haller 1800, Erucastrum obtusangulum Reinchenb. 1832]S16
Guillenia lasiophylla [=Thelypodium lasiophyllum; incl. T. lasiophyllum var. inalienum, T. lasiophyllum var. rigidum, T. lasiophyllum var. utahense]H93
Hornungia alpina ssp. austroalpina [=Hutchinsia alpina ssp. austroalpina, Pritzelago alpina ssp. austroalpina]BGS05
Pachycladon novae-zelandiae Hook. f. 1867 [=Braya novae-zelandiae Hook. f. 1864; incl. P. glabra Buchanan 1882, P. novae-zelandiae var. glabra (Buchanan) Kirk 1899]A61
Smelowskia Meyer ex Ledebour 1830 (nom. cons. prop.) [incl. Gorodkovia Botsch. & Karav. 1959, Hedinia Ostenfeld 1922, Redowskia von Chamisso & Schltdl. 1826 (nom. rej. prop.), Sinosophiopsis Al-Shehbaz 2000]A-S03
Thysanocarpus laciniatus [incl. T. laciniatus var. crenatus, T. laciniatus var. hitchcockii, T. laciniatus var. ramosus, T. laciniatus var. rigidus]H93
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AGF98] Abd El-Ghani, M. M., & A. G. Fahmy. 1998. Composition of and changes in the spontaneous flora of Feiran Oasis, S Sinai, Egypt, in the last 60 years. Willdenowia 28: 123–134.
[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.
[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[A-S03] Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2003. Proposal to conserve the name Smelowskia against Redowskia (Brassicaceae). Taxon 52: 360–361.
[BGS05] Banfi, E., G. Galasso & A. Soldano. 2005. Notes on systematics and taxonomy for the Italian vascular flora. 1. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. Museo Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 146 (2): 219–244.
[BMM99] Braun, U., J. Mouchacca & E. H. C. McKenzie. 1999. Cercosporoid hyphomycetes from New Caledonia and some other South Pacific islands. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 297–327.
[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.
[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.
[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[C74] Coineau, Y. 1974. Éléments pour une monographie morphologique, écologique et biologique des Caeculidae (Acariens). Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, nouvelle série, Série A, Zoologie 81: 1–299, 24 pls.
[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.
[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.
[D59] Darwin, C. 1859. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life 1st ed. John Murray: London.
[D99] Decandolle, C. 1799. Note sur quelques genres de la famille des siliculeuses, et en particulier sur le nouveau genre Senebiera. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 1 (22): 172.
[D17] Diels, L. 1917. Beiträge zur Flora der Zentral-Sahara und ihrer Pflanzengeographie. Nach der Sammelausbeute des Freiherrn Hans Geyr von Schweppenburg. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54 (Beiblatt 120): 51–155.
[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.
[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).
[ES06] Erber, D., & M. Schöller. 2006. Revision of the Cryptocephalus-species of the Canary Islands and Madeira (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 85–107.
[G-J91] Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1991. Seed morphology and anatomy of the New Zealand genera Cheesemania, Ischnocarpus, Iti, Notothlaspi and Pachycladon (Brassicaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 29: 71–82.
[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.
[G60] Gillham, M. E. 1960. Vegetation of Little Brother Island, Cook Strait, in relation to spray-bearing winds, soil salinity, and pH. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 405–424.
[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163–174.
[G88] Grubb, P. J. 1988. The uncoupling of disturbance and recruitment, two kinds of seed bank, and persistence of plant populations at the regional and local scales. Annales Zoologici Fennici 25: 23–26.
[H44] Hammer, M. 1944. Studies on the oribatids and collemboles of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 141 (3): 1–210.
[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.
[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[H09] Heltmann, H. 2009. Der Königstein (Piatra Craiului), die Perle der Burzenländer Gebirge. Mauritiana 20 (3): 515–527.
[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).
[H64] Hogg, J. 1864. List of rarer phanerogamous plants discovered in the south-east of Durham since 1829. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 96.
[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255–260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.
[J23] James, E. 1823. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and ’20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, sec’y of war: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party vol. 1. H. C. Carey & I. Lea: Philadelphia.
[KIW98] Kearns, C. A., D. W. Inouye & N. M. Waser. 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 83–112.
[K90] Keighery, G. J. 1990. Vegetation and flora of Shark Bay, Western Australia. In: Berry, P. F., S. D. Bradshaw & B. R. Wilson (eds) Research in Shark Bay: Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee pp. 61–87. Western Australian Museum.
[KM08] Keighery, G. J., & W. Muir. 2008. Vegetation and vascular flora of Faure Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 75: 11–19.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[LM98] Lange, P. J. de, & B. G. Murray. 1998. Senecio repangae (Asteraceae): a new endemic species from the north-eastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 509–519.
[M99] Matthews, M. 1999. Heliothine Moths of Australia: A guide to bollworms and related noctuid groups. CSIRO Publishing.
[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.
[M69] Moran, R. 1969. Twelve new dicots from Baja California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 15 (17): 265–295.
[MP05] Moraza, M. L., & M. A. Peña. 2005. Ácaros Mesostigmata (Acari, Mesostigmata) de hábitats seleccionados de la Gomera (Islas Canarias, España). Graellsia 61 (1): 109–114.
[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.
[PP07] Pandey, R. P., & P. M. Padhye. 2007. Studies on phytodiversity of Arid Machia Safari Park-Kailana in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 15–78.
[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95–116.
[PT01] Pemberton, L. M. S., S.-L. Tsai, P. H. Lovell & P. J. Harris. 2001. Epidermal patterning in seedling roots of eudicotyledons. Annals of Botany 87: 649–654.
[PL04] Pohl, G., & I. Lenski. 2004. Zur Verbreitung und Vergesellschaftung von Pennisetum orientale Rich. in Nordeuböa (Griechenland) (Poaceae, Paniceae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 209–223.
[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.
[PS98] Prosser, F., & S. Scortegagna. 1998. Primula recubariensis, a new species of Primula sect. Auricula Duby endemic to the SE Prealps, Italy. Willdenowia 28: 27–46.
[R35] Rayment, T. 1935. A Cluster of Bees: Sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species. Endeavour Press: Sydney.
[S16] Schulz, O. E. 1916. Neue Gattungen, Arten und Kombinationen der Brassiceen. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54 (Beiblatt 119): 52–56.
[TG88] Tepfer, D., A. Goldmann, N. Pamboukdjian, M. Maille, A. Lepingle, D. Chevalier, J. Dénarié & C. Rosenberg. 1988. A plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti 41 encodes catabolism of two compounds from root exudate of Calystegium sepium. Journal of Bacteriology 170 (3): 1153–1161.
[TS72] Thaker, D. N., & S. D. Sabnis. 1972. Occurrence of Cochlearia cochlearioides (Roth) Sant. & Mah. & Campanula benthamii Wall. ex Kitamura in Gujarat State, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (1): 227–229.
[W02] Wyss, U. 2002. Feeding behaviour of plant-parasitic nematodes. In: Lee, D. L. (ed.) The Biology of Nematodes pp. 233–259. Taylor & Francis: Florence (Kentucky).
[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.