Belongs within: Scolopacidae.
Calidris, the sandpipers, is a genus of small shorebirds with an bill that is elliptical in cross-section and generally longer than the tarsus. Calidris species exhibit a range of sizes, bill lengths and feeding habits. A number of species historically segregated into satellite genera are nested within the genus by recent phylogenetic analyses. These include the ruff C. pugnax, a larger species breeding in northern Eurasia. Male ruffs develop a prominent collar and ear-tufts of white or red feathers during the breeding season. The surfbird C. virgata of North America has a shorter, heavier bill than other species and bright yellow legs (Arlott & Perlo 2021).
<==Calidris Merrem 1804CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: C. arenaria (Linné 1766) [=Tringa arenaria]S05
| ‘Philomachus’ chilensisF43
| ‘Philomachus’ coronatusS41
| ‘Limonites’ damarensisS05
| ‘Ereunetes’ occidentalisS05
| C. paramelanotosM03
| ‘Philomachus’ spinosusS41
|--+--C. acuminata (Horsfield 1821)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--C. canutus (Linnaeus 1758)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. c. canutusCC10
| | `--C. c. rogersi (Mathews 1913) [=Canutus canutus rogersi]CC10
| `--+--C. tenuirostris (Horsfield 1821)BKB15, CC10 [=Totanus tenuirostrisCC10, *Anteliotringa tenuirostrisCC10]
| `--C. virgataAP21 [=Aphriza virgataBKB15]
`--+--+--C. falcinellus (Pontoppidan 1763)AP21, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. f. falcinellusCC10
| | `--‘Limicola’ f. sibirica Dresser 1876 [=L. falcinellus sibiricus]CC10
| `--C. pugnax (Linnaeus 1758)AP21, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--+--C. subminuta (Middendorff 1851)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--C. temminckii (Leisler 1812)BKB15, S05 [=Tringa temminckiiCC10, Actodromas temminckiiS05, *Limonites temminckiiCC10]
`--+--+--C. alpina (Linnaeus 1758)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. a. alpinaM03
| | |--C. a. pacifica (Coues 1861)M03, S05 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--C. a. sakhalinaM03
| `--+--C. maritimaBKB15
| `--C. ptilocnemis (Coues 1873)BKB15, I92
`--+--+--C. ferruginea (Pontoppidan 1763)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--C. pygmea (Linnaeus 1758)S05 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--+--+--C. minutilla (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--C. ruficollis (Pallas 1776)JT12, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--C. minuta (Leisler 1812)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--C. alba (Pallas in Vroeg 1764)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| `--C. fuscicollis (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--C. himantopus (Bonaparte 1826)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--+--C. mauri (Cabanis 1857)BKB15, CC10 [=Ereunetes mauriCC10]
| `--C. pusilla (Linnaeus 1766)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--C. melanotos (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--C. bairdii (Coues 1861)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--C. subruficollis (Vieillot 1819)AP21, S05 (see below for synonymy)
Hybrid: Calidris cooperiF02 [=Tringa cooperiCG99, Pisobia cooperiCG99; Calidris acuminata × C. ferrugineaF02]
Calidris Merrem 1804CC10 [incl. Actodromas Kaup 1829CC10, Ancylochilus Kaup 1829CC10, Anteliotringa Mathews 1913CC10, Canutus Brehm 1831CC10, Crocethia Billberg 1828CC10, Ereunetes Illiger 1811CC10, Erolia Vieillot 1816CC10, Heteropoda Bonaparte 1838 non Latreille 1804B94, Heteropygia Coues 1861CC10, Limnocinclus Gould 1865CC10, Limonites Kaup 1829CC10, Micropalama Baird 1858CC10, Pelidna Cuvier 1817CC10, Pisobia Billberg 1828CC10; Calidrinae, Canutinae, Eroliinae]
Calidris acuminata (Horsfield 1821)BKB15, CC10 [=Totanus acuminatusCC10, Erolia acuminataCC10, E. acuminatusCC10, Heteropygia maculata acuminataCC10, *Limnocinclus acuminatusCC10, Pisobia maculata acuminataCC10, Tringa (Actodromas) acuminataCC10, S05; incl. Schoeniclus australisS13, Limnocinclus acuminatus rufescens Mathews 1916WS48]
Calidris alba (Pallas in Vroeg 1764)BKB15, CC10 [=Trynga albaCC10, Crocethia albaCC10; incl. Charadrius calidrisCC10, *Cr. calidrisCC10, Totanus calidrisB49, Arenaria leucophaea carteri Mathews 1916WS48]
Calidris alpina (Linnaeus 1758)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa alpinaCC10, Erolia alpinaCC10, *Pelidna alpinaCC10; incl. Tringa cinclus Heuglin 1874S05, Pelidna cinclusJ23, T. cinclus minor Schlegel 1844M02]
Calidris alpina pacifica (Coues 1861)M03, S05 [=Pelidna pacificaS05, P. alpina pacificaS05; incl. P. americana Sharpe 1896S06, P. alpina americanaS05, Tringa alpina americanaS05, T. schinzii Fischer & v. Pelzeln 1886S05]
Calidris bairdii (Coues 1861)JT12, CC10 [=Actodromas bairdiiCC10, Erolia bairdiiCC10, Heteropygia bairdiCC10, Tringa bairdiS05]
Calidris canutus (Linnaeus 1758)JT12, CC10 [=Tringa canutusCC10, *Canutus canutusCC10; incl. T. calidrisCC10, *Calidris calidrisCC10, T. cinerea Sabine 1819 non Scolopax cinerea Güldenstaedt 1774 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.)S05, T. islandicaS05]
Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan 1763)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa ferrugineusCC10, Ancylocheilus ferrugineusS05, Erolia ferrugineaCC10, Tringa (Pelidna) ferrugineaS05; incl. T. (P.) chinensis Gray 1831CC10, E. testacea chinensisCC10, Scolopax subarquata Güldenstaedt 1775CC10, *Ancylochilus subarquatusCC10, Pelidna subarquataS05, Tringa subarcuataS05, T. subarquataCC10, Scolopax testacea Pallas in Vroeg 1764CC10, Erolia testaceaCC10, *E. variegataCC10, E. ferruginea wilsoni Mathews 1917WS48]
Calidris fuscicollis (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa fuscicollisCC10, Actodromas fuscicollisS05, Calidris fusicollisCC10, Erolia fuscicollisCC10, Heteropygia fuscicollisCC10, Pisobia fuscicollisS18; incl. Tringa bonapartei Seebohm 1888S05, *Heteropygia bonaparteiCC10]
Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte 1826)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa himantopusCC10, *Micropalama himantopusCC10; incl. T. douglasii Swainson in Swainson & Reichenbach 1831S05]
Calidris melanotos (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa melanotosCC10, Erolia melanotosCC10; incl. T. maculata Vieillot 1819CC10, Actodromas maculataS05, Erolia maculataCC10, Heteropygia maculataCC10, Limnocinclus maculataCC10, Pisobia maculataS18, Pelidna pectoralis Say 1823CC10, Limnocinclus pectoralisCC10, Pisobia pectoralisCC10, Tringa acuminata pectoralisS05]
Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa minutaCC10, *Actodromas minutusCC10, Erolia minutaCC10, Limonites minutaCC10, *Pisobia minutaCC10]
Calidris minutilla (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa minutillaCC10, Actodromas minutillaS05, Erolia minutillaCC10, Limonites minutillaCC10, Pisobia minutillaS18, Tringa subminuta minutillaS05]
Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus 1766)JT12, CC10 [=Tringa pusillusCC10, Ereunetes pusillusCC10; incl. *E. petrificatus Blakiston 1863CC10, S05]
Calidris ruficollis (Pallas 1776)JT12, CC10 [=Trynga ruficollisCC10, Erolia ruficollisCC10, Limonites ruficollisCC10, Pisobia minuta ruficollisCC10]
Calidris subminuta (Middendorff 1851)BKB15, CC10 [=Tringa subminutaCC10, Erolia subminutaCC10, Pisobia subminutaCC10; incl. P. subminuta boweri Mathews 1916WS48]
Eurynorhynchus pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Platalea pygmaea, Eurhynorhynchus pygmaeus, Eurinorhynchus pygranus (l. c.), Tringa pygmaea]S05
Limicola falcinellus (Pontoppidan 1763) [=Scolopax falcinellus; incl. Tringa platyrhynchus, *Falcinellus platyrhynchus, Numenius pusillus, *Platyrhamphus pusillus, N. pygmaeus, *Limicola pygmaeus]CC10
*Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus 1758)CC10 [=Tringa pugnaxCC10, Machetes pugnaxS66, Pavoncella pugnaxS05, Totanus pugnaxS05; incl. Philomachus pugnax rhyphaeicus Potapova 1990M02]
Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot 1819)BKB15, S05 [=Tringa subruficollisS05, Tringites subruficollisS05; incl. Tringa rufescens Seebohm 1888S05, Thryngites rufescensS05, Tryngites rufescensS05]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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