Belongs within: Dicranaceae.
Campylopus is a large genus of mosses found worldwide, with their highest diversity in mountainous regions of southern and tropical parts of the world. They are often robust and grow in wide patches, with relatively straight, rigid leaves (Dixon 1924). Species of the genus are often morphologically variable, making identification difficult. Features of the costa are often significant for identification.
Characters (from Frahm 2004, Bryophyte Flora of North America): Plants 3–10 cm or more. Stems usually simple, not tomentose or with dense reddish or whitish tomentum. Leaves 3–12 mm, erect patent or appressed foliate, narrowly lanceolate, ending in a smooth or denticulate, straight or reflexed tip; alar cells large, inflated, hyaline or reddish brown, or not differentiated; basal laminal cells thin-walled, hyaline, or thick-walled, chlorophyllose, sometimes with pitted walls, rectangular to subquadrate; distal laminal cell walls incrassate, quadrate to short-rectangular, oblique, or oval to elongate oval; costa strong, filling 1/3–4/5 of leaf width, excurrent in a more or less long, chlorophyllose or hyaline awn, in transverse section showing a median band of deuters, a adaxial layer of hyalocysts, substereids or stereids and abaxially layers of stereid or non-stereid cells and a abaxial row of chlorocysts; abaxial side of the costa smooth, ridged or lamellose. Specialized asexual reproduction by brood leaves, microphyllous branches, deciduous leaves or stem tips or rhizoidal tubers. Sexual condition dioicous. Perichaetia terminal, often bud like, rarely pseudolateral; perichaetial leaves with a broader, sheathing base and a long, narrow subula. Seta 5–10 mm, those of young sporophytes curved downward, pushing the immature capsule between the comal leaves and leaving the calyptra behind when the mature capsule curves upward, sinuose, twisted, cygneous when wet and performing uncoiling movements. Capsule erect and symmetric or curved and asymmetric, sometimes strumose, furrowed when empty; annulus present but not dehiscent; operculum rostrate, half as long as the capsule; peristome teeth divided to the middle in two prongs, reddish or orange and horizontally striate proximally, hyaline and papillose distally. Spores ca. 13 µm, smooth or papillose. Calyptra cucullate, ciliate or entire at base.
<==Campylopus Brid. 1819SK02 |--C. subg. CampylopusS04 | |--C. atrovirens De Not. 1838S04 [incl. C. fergussoniiD24, C. longipilusD24, C. perplexansD24] | | |--C. a. var. atrovirensD24 | | |--C. a. var. falcatus Braithw. 1882S04 | | |--C. a. var. gracilis Dixon 1902 non C. gracilis (Mitt.) Jaeger 1872D24 | | `--C. a. var. muticus [incl. C. atrovirens var. epilosus]D24 | |--C. flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. 1819S04 (see below for synonymy) | | |--C. f. var. flexuosusSK02 | | |--C. f. var. uliginosus [incl. C. flexuosus var. paludisus]D24 | | `--C. f. var. zonatus (Molendo) Anzi 1877SK02 [incl. C. flexuosus var. majorD24] | |--C. fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1847S04 (see below for synonymy) | |--C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. 1819S04 (see below for synonymy) | |--C. pilifer Brid. 1819 [incl. C. introflexus var. polytrichoides]S04 | |--C. pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. 1826S04 (see below for synonymy) | | |--C. p. var. pyriformis [incl. C. pyriformis var. fallaciosus]S04 | | `--C. p. var. azoricus (Mitt.) Corley 1976S04 | |--C. setifolius Wilson 1855S04 [incl. C. porophorusD24] | | |--C. s. var. setifoliusD24 | | `--C. s. var. intermediusD24 | `--C. shawii Wilson in Hunt 1868S04 [=C. setifolius var. shawiiS04; incl. C. shawii var. rufulusD24] | |--C. s. var. shawiiD24 | `--C. s. var. hamatusD24 |--C. subg. Palinocraspis Limpr. 1886S04 | |--C. brevipilus Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch et al. 1847S04 [incl. C. fulvo-viridisD24, C. pelidnusD24] | | |--C. b. var. brevipilusD24 | | `--C. b. var. auriculatus [incl. C. (Trachypogon) aurescens]D24 | `--C. subporodictyon (Broth.) Allen & Ireland 2002 [=Dicranodontium subporodictyon, Dicranum subporodictyon]S04 `--C. subg. Pseudocampylopus Limpr. 1886S04 |--C. gracilis (Mitt.) Jaeger 1872S04 [incl. C. purpurascensD24, C. schwarziiS04, C. symplectusD24] | |--C. g. var. gracilisD24 | `--C. g. var. huntiiS04 [=C. schwarzii var. huntiD24] |--C. schimperi Milde 1864 [=C. subulatus var. schimperi]S04 `--C. subulatus Schimp. in Rabenh. 1861S04 [incl. C. brevifoliusD24, Dicranum expallidumD24, C. fusco-luteusD24] Campylopus incertae sedis: C. acuminatus Mitt. 1869SK02 |--C. a. var. acuminatus [incl. C. kirkii var. pilosus Frahm 1981]SK02 `--C. a. var. kirkii (Mitt.) Frahm 1987 (see below for synonymy)SK02 C. adustusD24 C. alpigenaN02 C. australis Catches. & Frahm 1985 [incl. C. angustilimbatus (preoc.)]SK02 C. bicolor (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) Wilson 1854 [=Dicranum bicolor]SK02 |--C. b. var. bicolor [incl. C. caducipilus, C. subbicolor Geh. & Broth. 1901 (n. n.)]SK02 |--C. b. var. atroluteus [=C. atroluteus (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900]SK02 `--C. b. var. ericeticola (Müll.Hal.) Dixon 1923 [incl. C. davalianus]SK02 C. boswellii (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900SK02 C. brunneus (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900 (n. d.) [=Dicranum brunneum]SK02 C. capillaceus [incl. C. holomitrium (nom. illeg.)]SK02 C. capitulatusJ87 C. catarractilis (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900SK02 C. chilensis De Not. 1859 [incl. C. flavonigritus Dusén 1905, C. subappressifolius]SK02 C. circinatus Frahm 1998SK02 C. clavatus (Brown) Wilson 1854 (see below for synonymy)SK02 C. clemensiae Bartram 1962SK02 C. cockaynii R.Br.bis 1897 (n. d.)SK02 C. comosus (Schwägr.) Bosch & Sande Lac. 1858SK02 C. crassissimusD03 C. cubensisJ87 C. densifolius Ångström 1872 [=C. hawaiicus var. densifolius]SK02 C. dietrichiaeSK02 C. ericoides (Griff.) Jaeger 1872 [incl. C. involutus (Müll.Hal.) Jaeger 1872]SK02 C. flavissimusD03 C. flindersii Catches. & Frahm 1985 [incl. C. austrosubulatus]SK02 C. haitensisJ87 C. homalobolax (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900 [=Dicranum homalobolax]SK02 C. incrassatus Müll.Hal. 1845 [incl. C. flavoviridis Dusén 1905]SK02 C. laetusN02 C. lanigerD03 C. laxitextus Sande Lac. 1872SK02 C. laxoventralis Herzog ex Frahm 1979SK02 C. milleriN02 C. modestus Cardot 1905SK02 C. morenoiD03 C. perincanusD03 C. purpureocaulis Dusén 1905 [incl. C. arboricola Cardot & Dixon 1923]SK02 C. richardiiSK02 C. robillardei Besch. 1878 (see below for synonymy)SK02 C. saddleanusD03 C. samoanusB57 C. schmidii (Müll.Hal.) Jaeger 1872SK02 C. sinensis (Müll.Hal.) Frahm 1997 (see below for synonymy)SK02 C. spegazziniiD03 C. umbellatus (Schwägr. & Gaudichaud ex Arnott) Paris 1894 [incl. C. geniculatus (preoc.)]SK02 C. underwoodiiJ87 Nomina nuda: Campylopus depilis Müll.Hal. 1901SK02 Campylopus martensi Watts & Whitel. 1902SK02 Campylopus microgaster Watts & Whitel. 1902SK02 Campylopus occultoviridis Dusén 1903D03 Campylopus patagonicus Broth. in Dusén 1903D03 Campylopus sordidonigritus Dusén 1903D03 Campylopus subcapillatus Watts & Whitel. 1902SK02 Campylopus sulphureo-nigritus Dusén 1903D03
Campylopus acuminatus var. kirkii (Mitt.) Frahm 1987 [=C. kirkii Mitt. 1981, Dicranum kirkii (nom. inv.); incl. C. denticuspis (preoc.), C. denticuspis var. lutescens, Dicnemon moorei (n. n.), Dicnemos moorei (l. c.), Dicranum nigroflavum, Campylopus nigroflavus]SK02
Campylopus clavatus (Brown) Wilson 1854 [=Dicranum clavatum; incl. C. appressifolius, C. insititius, C. insidiosus (l. c.), Dicranum insititium (comb. inv.), C. rodwayi]SK02
Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. 1819SK02 [=Bryum flexuosumD24, Dicranum flexuosumSK02; incl. Campylopus crenulatusD24, C. leucophaeusD24, C. melaphanusD24, C. obtectusD24, C. flexuosus var. paradoxusD24, S04, C. rubiginosusD24, C. subcinereusD24, C. wattsii Broth. 1918SK02]
Campylopus fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1847S04 [=Bryum fragileD24; incl. C. citrescensD24, C. densusD24, Dicranum schleicheriOZB-O03]
Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. 1819S04 [=Dicranum introflexumSK02, Thysanomitrion introflexumSK02; incl. Campylopus australiensisSK02, C. erythropomaSK02, C. introflexus var. genuinusSK02, Dicranum leptocephalumSK02, C. leptocephalusSK02, D. pudicumSK02, C. introflexus ssp. pudicus (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) Dixon 1923SK02, D. senexSK02, C. senexSK02, C. tasmanicusSK02]
Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. 1826S04 [=C. fragilis var. pyriformisS04, Dicranum pyriformeD24; incl. D. antipodum Hampe 1880 (n. n.)SK02, Campylopus capillatusSK02, D. capillatumSK02, C. woollsii var. cylindrica Paris 1900SK02, C. intorquatus var. flavifolius (n. n.)SK02, C. subtorquatus var. flavifolius (n. n.)SK02, C. intorquatus (n. n.)SK02, C. lenormandiiSK02, C. novae-valesiaeSK02, C. pallidusSK02, C. subtorquatus (n. n.)SK02, C. torquatusSK02, Dicranum torquatumSK02, C. turfaceusOZB-O03, D. turfaceumOZB-O03, C. whiteleggei (n. n.)SK02, D. woollsiiSK02, Campylopus woollsii (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900SK02, C. woollsianus (l. c.)SK02]
Campylopus robillardei Besch. 1878 [incl. C. brassii Bartram 1952, C. inchangae (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900, C. perauriculatus Broth. 1900, C. robillardei var. perauriculatus (Broth.) Frahm 1987]SK02
Campylopus sinensis (Müll.Hal.) Frahm 1997 [incl. C. eberhardtii Paris 1908, C. excurrens Dixon 1941, C. japonicus Broth. 1899]SK02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B57] Bartram, E. B. 1957. Additional Fijian mosses, III. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (12): 392–396.
[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student’s Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.
[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. Patagonian and Fuegian mosses. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 63–126. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).
[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.
[N02] Negi, H. R. 2002. Abundance and diversity of moss communities of Chopta-Tunganath in the Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 418–433.
[S04] Smith, A. J. E. 2004. The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.