Caprifoliaceae

Belongs within: Dipsacales.

The Caprifoliaceae are a group of flowering plants with opposite leaves and more or less monosymmetric flowers. The largest recognised genus is Lonicera, honeysuckles, which includes shrubs and vines named for the sweet nectar produced by their flowers.

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Subshrubs, shrubs, vines or small trees. Leaves opposite, simple or compound, stipules generally absent. Flowers with calyx tube fused to ovary, limb generally five-lobed; corolla radial or bilateral, rotate to cylindric, generally five-lobed; stamens generally five, epipetalous, alternate corolla lobes; ovary inferior, one- to five-chambered, single style. Fruit a berry, drupe or capsule.

<==Caprifoliaceae [Caprifoliales]
    |  i. s.: ‘Tricolporopollenites’ viburnoides Gruas-Cavagnetto 1978CBH93
    |--KolkwitziaBA03
    |--WeigelaBA03
    |--Silvianthus bracteatusDD73
    |--TriosteumO88
    |    |--T. himalayanumO88
    |    `--T. perfoliatumS72
    |--Leycesteria formosaV09
    |--SymphoricarposK03
    |    |  i. s.: S. orbiculatusK03
    |    |--S. subg. SymphoricarposH93
    |    |    |--S. albusH93
    |    |    |    |--S. a. var. albusH93
    |    |    |    `--S. a. var. laevigatus [incl. S. rivularis]H93
    |    |    `--S. mollis [incl. S. acutus, S. hesperius]H93
    |    `--S. subg. AnisanthusH93
    |         |--S. longiflorusH93
    |         `--S. rotundifolius [incl. S. vaccinioides]H93
    |              |--S. r. var. rotundifoliusH93
    |              `--S. r. var. parishiiH93
    `--LoniceraP93 [incl. CaprifoliumBR65]
         |--L. bracianaDD73
         |--L. caprifoliumC55
         |--L. caurianaH93
         |--L. ciliosaH93
         |--L. conjugalisH93
         |--L. cyanocarpaO88
         |    |--L. c. var. cyanocarpaO88
         |    `--L. c. var. porphyranthaO88
         |--L. etruscaR-RR-GM-S98
         |--L. fragantissimaSBM11
         |--L. hispidaO88
         |    |--L. h. var. hispidaO88
         |    |--L. h. var. bracteataO88
         |    `--L. h. var. setosaO88
         |--L. hispidulaH93
         |    |--L. h. var. hispidulaH93
         |    `--L. h. var. vacillans [incl. L. hispidula var. californica]H93
         |--L. hypoleucaO88
         |    |--L. h. var. hypoleucaO88
         |    `--L. h. var. glabrataO88
         |--L. interruptaH93
         |--L. involucrataH93
         |    |--L. i. var. involucrataH93
         |    `--L. i. var. ledebouriiH93
         |--L. japonicaCB06
         |--L. litangensisO88
         |--L. maackiiCB06
         |--L. macranthaDD73
         |--L. minutifoliaO88
         |--L. morrowiiNDA05
         |--L. myrtilloidesO88
         |--L. myrtillusO88
         |--L. nigraP93
         |--L. nitidaH05
         |--L. obovataO88
         |--L. periclymenumP93
         |--L. proliferaNDA05
         |--L. rupicolaO88
         |--L. spinosaO88
         |--L. subspicataH93
         |    |--L. s. var. subspicataH93
         |    `--L. s. var. denudata [incl. L. subspicata var. johnstonii]H93
         |--L. tataricaP93
         |--L. webbianaO88
         `--L. xylosteumP93

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BA03] Bergthorsson, U., K. L. Adams, B. Thomason & J. D. Palmer. 2003. Widespread horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. Nature 424: 197–201.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CB06] Christopher, C. C., & G. W. Barrett. 2006. Coexistence of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) in a southeastern forest. Journal of Mammalogy 87 (1): 102–107.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[DD73] Deb, D. B., & R. M. Dutta. 1973. Contribution to the flora of Tirap Frontier Division. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 547–573.

[H05] Harris, A. C. 2005. House sparrows (Passer domesticus) repeatedly robbing red spider wasps (Sphictostethus nitidus) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of their paralysed spider prey (Neoramia otagoa) (Araneae: Agelenidae). Weta 29: 21–23.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[K03] Kårehed, J. 2003. The family Pennantiaceae and its relationships to Apiales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 1–24.

[NDA05] Nickrent, D. L., J. P. Der & F. E. Anderson. 2005. Discovery of the photosynthetic relatives of the “Maltese mushroom” Cynomorium. BMC Evolutionary Biology 5: 38.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.

[R-RR-GM-S98] Ramil-Rego, P., M. Rodríguez-Guitián & C. Muñoz-Sobrino. 1998. Sclerophyllous vegetation dynamics in the north of the Iberian peninsula during the last 16,000 years. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7: 335–351.

[S72] Shields, O. 1972. Flower visitation records for butterflies (Lepidoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (3): 189–203.

[SBM11] Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg & D. W. Martin (eds) 2011. Biology 9^th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.