Caprinae

Belongs within: Bovidae.
Contains: Caprini.

The Caprinae, goat-antelopes, are a group of moderately sized, relatively stocky bovids found primarily in the Holarctic region.

<==Caprinae [Ovibovini, Rupicaprini]
    |--+--CapriniFS15
    |  `--+--OreamnosFS15
    |     |    |--O. americanusG84
    |     |    `--O. harringtoniFS15
    |     `--Rupicapra Blainville 1816FS15, C-B07
    |          |--*R. rupicapraG78
    |          |    |--R. r. rupicapraBP87
    |          |    `--R. r. ornataBP87
    |          `--R. pyrenaicaIT07
    `--+--CapricornisFS15
       |    |--+--C. crispus Temminck 1845FS15, M76
       |    |  `--Ovibos de Blainville 1816FS15, C-B07
       |    |       |--*O. moschatus (Zimmermann 1780) [=Bos moschatus]H48
       |    |       `--O. pallantis H.-Smith 1827 [=O. moschatus pallantis]C-B07
       |    `--+--C. milneedwardsiiFS15
       |       |--C. rubidusFS15
       |       |--C. sumatraensisFS15
       |       |--C. swinhoeiFS15
       |       `--C. tharFS15
       `--+--NemorhaedusFS15
          |    |  i. s.: N. cranbrookiBP87
          |    |         N. crispusIT07
          |    |         N. sumatraensisIT07
          |    |         N. swinhoeiIT07
          |    |--+--N. baileyiFS15
          |    |  `--N. griseusFS15
          |    `--+--N. caudatusFS15
          |       `--N. goralFS15
          `--+--+--Bootherium bombifronsFS15
             |  `--Euceratherium Sinclair & Furlong 1904FS15, C-B07
             |       `--E. collinumFS15
             `--Megalovis Schaub 1923FS15, C-B07
                  |--M. balcanicus Crégut-Bonnoure & Dimitrijevic 2006C-B07
                  |--M. guangxiensisFS15
                  |--M. latifrons Schaub 1923C-B07
                  |--M. piveteaui Schaub 1937C-B07
                  `--M. wimani Schaub 1937C-B07

Caprinae incertae sedis:
  ‘Bos’ makapaani Broom 1937G78
  Hezhengia bohliniDW04
  CriotheriumG78
  PalaeoreasG78
  Urmiatherium [incl. Parurmiatherium, Plesiaddax]G78
  Tsaidamotherium Bohlin 1935G78, D07
    `--T. hediniD07
  Praeovibos Staudinger 1908C-B07
    |--P. beringiensis Sher 1971C-B07
    |--P. mediterraneus Crégut-Bonnoure 2002C-B07
    |--P. priscus Staudinger 1908C-B07
    |    |--P. p. priscusC-B07
    |    `--P. p. delumleyi Crégut-Bonnoure 2002C-B07
    `--P. recticornis (Ryziewicz 1934)C-B07
  Damalavus boroccoi Arambourg 1959G78
  PalaeoryxG78
  Makapania Wells & Cooke 1956G78, WC56
    `--*M. broomi Wells & Cooke 1956WC56
  Euthyceros thessalicus Athanassiou 2002C-B07
  Procamptoceras Schaub 1923C-B07
    `--P. brivatenseC-B07
  Pliotragus Kretzoi 1941C-B07
    |--P. ardeus (Depéret 1883) [incl. Hesperoceras merlae]C-B07
    `--P. macedonicus Crégut-Bonnoure & Tsoukala 2005C-B07
  Gallogoral Guérin 1965C-B07
    `--G. meneghinii (Rütimeyer 1878)C-B07
         |--G. m. meneghiniiC-B07
         `--G. m. sickenbergii Kostopoulos 1997C-B07
  SymbosHS23

Inorganic: Oreamnos americanus minilorientalus Okamura 1987O87
           Oreamnos americanus protominilorientalus Okamura 1987O87

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BP87] Burton, J. A., & B. Pearson. 1987. Collins Guide to the Rare Mammals of the World. Collins: London.

[C-B07] Crégut-Bonnoure, E. 2007. Apport des Caprinae et Antilopinae (Mammalia, Bovidae) à la biostratigraphie du Pliocène terminal et du Pléistocène d’Europe. Quaternaire 18 (1): 73–97.

[DW04] Deng T., Wang X., Ni X. & Liu L. 2004. Sequence of the Cenozoic mammalian faunas of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 78 (1): 8–14.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[FS15] Faurby, S., & J.-C. Svenning. 2015. A species-level phylogeny of all extant and late Quaternary extinct mammals using a novel heuristic-hierarchical Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 14–26.

[G84] Geist, V. 1984. Goat antelopes. In: Macdonald, D. (ed.) All the World’s Animals: Hoofed Mammals pp. 144–149. Torstar Books: New York.

[G78] Gentry, A. W. 1978. Bovidae. In: Maglio, V. J., & H. B. S. Cooke (eds) Evolution of African Mammals pp. 540–572. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H48] Hershkovitz, P. 1948. The technical name of the Virginia deer with a list of the South American forms. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61: 41–45.

[HS23] Hou, S., Q. Shi, M. J. Benton & N. Solounias. 2023. Comment on “Sexual selection promotes giraffoid head-neck evolution and ecological adaptation”. Science 379: eadd9559.

[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PloS One 2 (3): e296.

[M76] Masui, M. 1976. Nihon no Doobutsu. Kogakukan: Tokyo.

[WC56] Wells, L. H., & H. B. S. Cooke. 1956. Fossil Bovidae from the Limeworks Quarry, Makapansgat, Potgietersrus. Palaeontologia Africana 4: 1–55.