Belongs within: Holonota.
Contains: Nippobodidae, Dampfiella, Beckiella, Odontocepheus (Odontocepheus), Diplobodes, Yoshiobodes, Carabodinae, Gibbicepheus (Gibbicepheus), Fissicepheus (Fissicepheus), Pseudotocepheus (Pseudotocepheus), Plenotocepheus, Otocepheinae, Dolicheremaeus.
The Carabodoidea are a primarily tropical group of oribatid mites, many of which spend as least part of their life as burrowers in decaying wood. Members of this group include the Carabodidae, characterised by more or less parallel lamellae on the prodorsum (Balogh & Balogh 1992). Though diverse in adult biology, all species are probably endophagous as nymphs. Adults of many species are arboreal, feeding on fungi and lichens (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). In a number of genera the notogaster bears longitudinal rows of large tubercles, such as in Gibbicepheus or Diplobodes. The genera Spathulocepheus and Trichocarabodes are distinctive in the high number of setae on their genital plates: eight pairs in Trichocarabodes, ten in Spathulocepheus. Other genera have at most seven pairs of genital setae (Balogh & Balogh 1992).
Members of the pantropical family Dampfiellidae have the tibiae and tarsi fused and moving as a single segment. They are diverse in lowland rain forests (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). The Otocepheidae are characterised by well-developed pedotecta (outgrowths of the body wall underlying the base of the legs). Members of this family are particularly common in damp habitats such as moist litter (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). The family is sometimes divided between two families, Otocepheidae and Tetracondylidae, on the basis of the development of the pedotecta. In Otocepheidae sensu stricto, pedotecta 2+3 are particularly large, so that they are axe-shaped in ventral view or tailfin-shpaed in dorsal view. In ‘Tetracondylidae’, the pedotecta are distinct but not so extremely developed (Balogh & Balogh 1992).
<==Carabodoidea [Otocepheoidea]S04 | i. s.: NippobodidaeS04 | Tokunocepheus Aoki 1966 [Tokunocepheidae]S04 | `--*T. mizusawai Aoki 1966S04 | Carabocepheus Berlese 1910 [Carabocepheidae]S04 | `--*C. lounsburyi (Berlese 1910) [=Carabodes (*Carabocepheus) lounsburyi]S04 | |--C. l. lounsburyiS04 | `--C. l. latior Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 |--DampfiellidaeS04 | |--DampfiellaS04 | `--BeckiellaPL17 `--+--CarabodidaeSK10 | | i. s.: Apotomocepheus Aoki 1965S04 | | `--*A. gressitti Aoki 1965S04 | | Meriocepheus Aoki 1973S04 | | `--*M. peregrinus Aoki 1973S04 | | Sagittabodes Balogh & Balogh 1992S04 | | `--*S. sagitta (Balogh & Mahunka 1966) [=Machadocepheus sagitta]S04 | | Tansocepheus Mahunka 1983S04 | | `--*T. serratus Mahunka 1983S04 | | Tectocarabodes Mahunka 1988S04 | | `--*T. monstruosus Mahunka 1988S04 | | Tuberocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | | `--*T. longus (Balogh 1964) [=Machadocepheus longus]S04 | | Singabodes Mahunka 1998S04 | | `--*S. rarus Mahunka 1998S04 | | Archegocepheus Aoki 1965S04 | | |--*A. imadatei Aoki 1965S04 | | `--A. macrofoliatus Wen 1997S04 | | Bathocepheus Aoki 1978 [incl. Philippobodes Balogh & Balogh 1992]S04 | | |--*B. concavus Aoki 1978S04 | | `--B. manguiati (Corpuz-Raros 1979)S04 [=Machadocepheus manguiatiS04, *Philippobodes manguiatiBB92] | | Cavernocarabodes Mahunka 1974S04 | | |--*C. perreti Mahunka 1974S04 | | `--C. trigonosternum (Pérez-Íñigo 1976) [=Carabodes trigonosternum]S04 | | Spathulocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | | |--*S. amazonicus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | | `--S. plumiger Balogh & Mahunka 1977S04 | | Malgasodes Mahunka 2000S04 | | |--*M. curvisetus Mahunka 2000S04 | | `--M. hungarorum Mahunka 2000S04 | | Gymnobodes Balogh 1965S04 | | |--*G. fraterculus (Balogh 1963) [=Carabodes fraterculus]S04 | | |--G. semengok Mahunka 1996S04 | | `--G. subnudus (Balogh 1963) [=Carabodes subnudus]S04 | | Pseudocarabodes Mahunka 1991 [incl. Bakobodes Mahunka 1996, Yemenobodes Mahunka 2000]S04 | | |--*P. xenus Mahunka 1991S04 | | |--P. improvisus (Mahunka 2000) [=Yemenobodes improvisus]S04 | | `--P. orangutan (Mahunka 1996) [=Bakobodes orangutan]S04 | | Trichocarabodes Balogh 1961 [incl. Ceylobodes Balogh & Balogh 1992]S04 | | |--*T. celisi (Balogh 1958) [=Carabodes celisi]S04 | | |--T. capillatus Balogh 1970S04 [=*Ceylobodes capillatusBB92] | | |--T. costulatus Mahunka 1984S04 | | `--T. hettigei Balogh 1970S04 | | Hardybodes Balogh 1970 [incl. Carabodella Mahunka 1986]S04 | | |--*H. mirabilis Balogh 1970S04 | | |--H. calcaratus (Mahunka 1986)S04 [=*Carabodella calcarataBB92] | | |--H. flabellatus Mahunka 1995S04 | | `--H. penicillatus Mahunka 1995S04 | | Cubabodes Balogh & Mahunka 1974S04 | | |--*C. hexagonalis Balogh & Mahunka 1974S04 | | |--C. confertus Balogh & Mahunka 1980S04 | | |--C. radiatus Balogh & Mahunka 1974S04 | | |--C. spathulatus Balogh & Mahunka 1980S04 | | `--C. verrucatus Balogh & Mahunka 1980S04 | | Machadocepheus Balogh 1958S04 | | |--*M. excavatus Balogh 1958S04 | | |--M. filiferus Mahunka 1986S04 | | |--M. pauliani Balogh 1962S04 | | |--M. phyllophorus Balogh 1970S04 | | |--M. taprobanicus Balogh 1970S04 | | `--M. tuberculosus Mahunka 1987S04 | | Odontocepheus Berlese 1913S04 | | |--O. (Odontocepheus)S04 | | |--O. (Aokiella Balogh & Mahunka 1967)S04 | | | |--O. (*A.) florens (Balogh & Mahunka 1967) [=*Aokiella florens]S04 | | | `--O. (A.) rotundus (Hammer 1979) [=Aokiella rotunda]S04 | | `--O. (Indotocepheus Mondal & Kundu 1999)S04 | | `--O. (*I.) himalayensis (Mondal & Kundu 1999) [=*Indotocepheus himalayensis]S04 | | Pasocepheus Aoki 1976S04 | | |--P. (Pasocepheus) [incl. Opisthocepheus Aoki 1976]S04 | | | |--*P. (P.) triarcuatus Aoki 1976S04 | | | |--P. (P.) bako Mahunka 1996S04 | | | |--P. (P.) eremaeozetoides Mahunka 1995S04 | | | `--P. (P.) kirai (Aoki 1976)S04 [=*Opisthocepheus kiraiBB92] | | `--P. (Guineobodes Mahunka 1987)S04 | | `--P. (*G.) papuanus (Balogh 1970) [=Machadocepheus papuanus]S04 | | Congocepheus Balogh 1958S04 | | |--*C. heterotrichus Balogh 1958S04 | | |--C. hauseri Mahunka 1989S04 | | |--C. involutus Mahunka 1997S04 | | |--C. latilamellatus Mahunka 1984S04 | | |--C. orientalis Mahunka 1989S04 | | |--C. ornatus Mahunka 1983S04 | | |--C. taurus Balogh 1961S04 | | `--C. velatus Mahunka 1986S04 | | DiplobodesS04 | | YoshiobodesS04 | | Plategeocranus sulcatus (Karsch 1884)S93 | | Scutoribates perornatus Sellnick 1918S93 | | Cretaceobodes martinezaeSC19 | |--CarabodinaePL17 | `--Gibbicepheus Aoki 1958S04 [GibbicepheinaeCH98] | |--G. (Gibbicepheus)S04 | `--G. (Gibbibodes Mahunka 1986)S04 | `--G. (*G.) similis (Mahunka 1986) [=*Gibbibodes similis]S04 `--Otocepheidae [Tetracondylidae]S04 | i. s.: Ocellotocepheus Mahunka 1989S04 | `--*O. tuberculatus Mahunka 1989S04 | Samarocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1990S04 | `--*S. cavernicolus Corpuz-Raros 1990S04 | Cerostocepheus Mahunka 1973S04 | `--*C. trisetosus (Balogh 1970) [=Eurostocepheus trisetosus]S04 | Ikarotocepheus Mahunka 1988S04 | `--*I. alatus Mahunka 1988S04 | Philippotocepheus Balogh & Balogh 1992S04 | `--*P. siniloanensis (Corpuz-Raros 1979) [=Papuacepheus siniloanensis]S04 | Borneremaeus Mahunka 1991S04 | `--*B. hauseri Mahunka 1991S04 | Bulbocepheus Mahunka 1988S04 | `--*B. hauseorum Mahunka 1988S04 | Fernandocepheus Mahunka 1982S04 | `--*F. franzi Mahunka 1982S04 | Flagellocepheus Balogh 1984S04 | `--*F. sagittatus Balogh 1984S04 | Hydroecocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1979S04 | `--*H. romeoi Corpuz-Raros 1979C-R79 | Lophotocepheus Balogh & Balogh 1983S04 | `--*L. simplex Balogh & Balogh 1983S04 | Neotrichocepheus Hammer 1973S04 | `--*N. tongaensis (Hammer 1973) [=Dolicheremaeus (*Neotrichocepheus) tongaensis]S04 | Paradolicheremaeus Tseng 1982S04 | `--*P. tabulatus Tseng 1982S04 | Seboetocepheus Mahunka 1985S04 | `--*S. coronatus Mahunka 1985S04 | Trichocondyla Balogh & Balogh 1986S04 | `--*T. multisetosa Balogh & Balogh 1986S04 | Papuacepheus Balogh 1968S04 | |--*P. geminatus (Balogh 1968) [=Megalotocepheus (*Papuacepheus) geminatus]S04 | `--P. vagorum Corpuz-Raros 1991S04 | Trichocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 | |--*T. lamellatus Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 | `--T. auriculus Grobler 1995S04 | Wallworkodes Balogh & Balogh 2002S04 | |--*W. carinatus (Wallwork 1977) [=Carabodes carinatus]S04 | `--W. hyalinus (Wallwork 1977) [=Carabodes hyalinus]S04 | Kalayaan Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | |--*K. bonifacioi Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | |--K. centenarius Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | `--K. rizali Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | Rimandocepheus Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | |--*R. leoi Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | |--R. brevisetosus Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | `--R. longisetosus Corpuz-Raros 1998S04 | Afrotocepheus Mahunka 1985S04 | |--*A. (Afrotocepheus) sinarmatus Mahunka 1985S04 | `--A. (Didierotocepheus Mahunka 1994)S04 | `--A. (*D.) berndi (Mahunka 1994) [=*Didierotocepheus berndi]S04 | Trichotocepheus Aoki 1965S04 | |--*T. erabuensis Aoki 1965S04 | | |--T. e. erabuensisS04 | | `--T. e. modestus Aoki 1973S04 | `--T. amamiensis Aoki 1965S04 | Fissicepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1967S04 | |--F. (Fissicepheus)S04 | `--F. (Psammocepheus Aoki 1970)S04 | |--F. (*P.) amabilis Aoki 1970S04 | `--F. (P.) haradai Choi 1986S04 | Longocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 | |--*L. australis Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 | |--L. globosus Grobler 1995S04 | |--L. longus (Balogh 1961) [=Pseudotocepheus longus]S04 | `--L. youngai (Mahunka 1984) [=Nesotocepheus youngai]S04 | Spinotocepheus Hammer 1981S04 | |--*S. javensis Hammer 1981S04 | |--S. foveolatus Hammer 1981S04 | |--S. nigromaculatus Hammer 1981S04 | `--S. tjibodensis Hammer 1981S04 | Cavernocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | |--*C. monstruosus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | |--C. acutus Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997S04 | |--C. furcatus Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997S04 | |--C. fusifer Balogh & Palacios-Vargas 1997S04 | |--C. monticola Balogh 1989S04 | |--C. obliquus Balogh 2002S04 | `--C. undulatus Balogh 2002S04 | Papillocepheus Balogh & Mahunka 1966 [incl. Clavazetes Hammer 1966]S04 | |--*P. heterotrichus Balogh & Mahunka 1966S04 | |--P. areolatus Mahunka 1987S04 | |--P. decoratus Mahunka 1994S04 | |--P. decorus (Hammer 1966)S04 [=*Clavazetes decorusBB92] | |--P. deficiens Balogh & Balogh 1983S04 | |--P. neotropicus (Balogh 1988) [=Clavazetes neotropicus]S04 | |--P. reductus Mahunka 1994S04 | `--P. tuberculatus (Mahunka 1978) [=Clavazetes tuberculatus]S04 | Pseudotocepheus Balogh 1961S04 | |--P. (Pseudotocepheus)S04 | `--P. (Constrictocepheus Grobler 1998)S04 | |--P. (*C.) geminatus Balogh & Mahunka 1969S04 | |--P. (C.) coarctatus Balogh 1985S04 | |--P. (C.) curtiseta Hammer 1966S04 | |--P. (C.) gobletus Chakrabarti & Mondal 1978S04 | |--P. (C.) monteithi Balogh & Balogh 1983S04 | |--P. (C.) orientalis Mondal & Kundu 1983S04 | |--P. (C.) punctatus Hammer 1966S04 | `--P. (C.) tenuiseta Hammer 1966S04 | PlenotocepheusPL17 |--OtocepheinaeC-R79 `--TetracondylinaeC-R79 |--DolicheremaeusNB-P09 `--Leptotocepheus Balogh 1961C-R79, S04 |--*L. trimucronatus Balogh 1961S04 |--L. flagellifer Mahunka 1988S04 |--L. macromucronatus Mahunka 1988S04 `--L. orientalis Mahunka 1988S04
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BB92] Balogh, J., & P. Balogh. 1992. The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World vol. 1. Hungarian Natural History Museum: Budapest.
[CH98] Colloff, M. J., & R. B. Halliday. 1998. Oribatid Mites: A catalogue of Australian genera and species. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.
[C-R79] Corpuz-Raros, L. A. 1979. Philippine Oribatei (Acarina). I. Preliminary list of species and descriptions of forty new species. Philippine Agriculturist 62 (1): 1–82.
[NB-P09] Norton, R. A., & V. M. Behan-Pelletier. 2009. Suborder Oribatida. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3rd ed. pp. 430–564. Texas Tech University Press.
[PL17] Pachl, P., A. C. Lindl, A. Krause, S. Scheu, I. Schaefer & M. Maraun. 2017. The tropics as an ancient cradle of oribatid mite diversity. Acarologia 57 (2): 309–322.
[SC19] Schaefer, I., & T. Caruso. 2019. Oribatid mites show that soil food web complexity and close aboveground-belowground linkages emerged in the early Paleozoic. Communications Biology 2: 387.
[SK10] Schäffer, S., S. Koblmüller, T. Pfingstl, C. Sturmbauer & G. Krisper. 2010. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple independent evolution of diagnostic morphological characters in the “Higher Oribatida” (Acari), conflicting with current classification. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 246.
[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.
[S04] Subías, L. S. 2004. Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758–2002). Graellsia 60 (número extraordinario): 3–305.