Chioneini

Belongs within: Limnophilini.

The Chioneini are a group of crane flies characterised by bare eyes and legs lacking tibial spurs (Alexander & Byers 1981).

Characters (from Alexander & Byers 1981, as Eriopterini): Eyes glabrous. Terminal segment of palpus short; nasus absent. Tibial spurs absent. Wings, if present, with Sc₁ complete, free tip of Sc₂ absent, tip of R₁₊₂ present, R₄ and R₅ separate, CuA straight. Larva with plane of spiracular disc roughly perpendicular to long axis of body, disc surrounded by five lobes.

<==Chioneini [Chioneinae, Eriopterina, Eriopterinae, Eriopterini]G09
    |--NeolimnophilaAB81
    |--CladuraAB81
    |--NeocladuraAB81
    |--IdiognophomyiaAB81
    |--Phantolabis lacustrisAB81
    |--GonomyodesAB81
    |--Gonomyopsis doaneianaAB81
    |--GonempedaAB81
    |--Empedomorpha empedoidesAB81
    |--Hesperoconopa melanderiAB81
    |--ArctoconopaAB81
    |--Hoplolabis armataWT11 [=Erioptera (Hoplolabis) armataAB81]
    |--Chionea araneoidesR13
    |--AymaramayiaG09
    |--QuechamyiaG09
    |--PodoneuraS90
    |--Conosia Van der Wulp 1880S90
    |    `--C. irrorata (Wiedemann 1828) [=Limnobia irrorata; incl. Limnophila crux Doleschall 1856]S90
    |--Tasiocera Skuse 1890S90
    |    |--T. gracilicornis Skuse 1890S90
    |    `--T. tenuicornis Skuse 1890S90
    |--LipsothrixAB81
    |    |--L. neotropicaG09
    |    `--L. nigrilineaAB81
    |--EugnophomyiaAB81
    |    |--E. apacheG09
    |    `--E. luctuosaG09
    |--Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis)AB81
    |    |--C. (C.) magnistylaG09
    |    `--C. (C.) paradoxaG09
    |--OrmosiaAB81
    |    |--O. (Ormosia) manicataAB81
    |    `--O. monticolaAB81
    |--Gymnastes (Paragymnastes) flavitibiaA40
    |    |--G. f. flavitibiaA40
    |    `--G. f. apicata Alexander 1940A40
    |--CheilotrichiaAB81
    |    |--C. (Cheilotrichia) aliciaAB81
    |    `--C. (Empeda)G09
    |         |--C. (E.) stygiaG09
    |         `--C. (E.) tanneriG09
    |--Rhypholophus Kolenati 1863S90
    |    |  i. s.: R. meigeniA16
    |    |         R. rubellusA16
    |    `--R. (Amphineurus Skuse 1890)S90
    |         |--R. (A.) maculosus Skuse 1890S90
    |         `--R. (A.) umbraticus Skuse 1890S90
    |--Teucholabis Osten-Sacken 1859AB81, S90
    |    |  i. s.: T. meridiana Skuse 1890S90
    |    |--T. (Teucholabis) complexaG09
    |    |--T. (Euparatropesa)G09
    |    |    |--T. (E.) invenustaG09
    |    |    `--T. (E.) lindneriG09
    |    `--T. (Paratropesa) collarisG09
    |--ToxorhinaAB81
    |    |--T. (Toxorhina)G09
    |    |    |--T. (T.) magnaAB81
    |    |    `--T. (T.) muliebrisG09
    |    `--T. (Ceratocheilus)G09
    |         |--T. (C.) americanaG09
    |         `--T. (C.) caledonicaG09
    |--Gnophomyia O.-Sacken 1859S90
    |    |--G. fascipennis (Thomson 1868) [=Limnobia fascipennis; incl. G. cordialis O.-Sacken 1887]S90
    |    |--G. jacobsoniG09
    |    |--G. lugubrisG09
    |    |--G. rubicundulaG09
    |    |--G. toschiaeAB81
    |    |--G. tricepsG09
    |    `--G. tristissimaAB81
    |--SymplectaG09
    |    |--S. (Symplecta)G09
    |    |    |--S. (S.) canaG09 [=Erioptera (S.) canaAB81]
    |    |    |--S. (S.) hybridaG09
    |    |    |--S. (S.) macropteraG09
    |    |    `--S. (S.) stictica [=Erioptera (S.) stictica]AB81
    |    `--S. (Trimicra O.-Sacken 1861)G09, S90
    |         |--‘Trimicra’ hirtipes (Walker 1848) [=Limnobia hirtipes; incl. T. sydneyensis Schiner 1868]S90
    |         |--‘Trimicra’ microcephala (Thomson 1868) [=Limnobia microcephala]S90
    |         `--S. (T.) pilipesG09 [=Erioptera (T.) pilipesAB81]
    |--Rhabdomastix Skuse 1890S90
    |    |  i. s.: R. neoluridaAB81
    |    |         R. subfascigeraAB81
    |    |--R. (Rhabdomastix)G09
    |    |    |--*R. (R.) ostensackeni Skuse 1890S90
    |    |    |--R. (R.) californiensisG09
    |    |    |--R. (R.) nuttingiAB81
    |    |    `--R. (R.) plaumanniG09
    |    `--R. (Sacandaga)AB81
    |         |--R. (S.) californiensisAB81
    |         `--R. (S.) monticolaAB81
    |--Trentepohlia Bigot 1854S90
    |    |  i. s.: T. albitarsis [=Cylindrotoma albitarsis]S90
    |    |         T. australasiae Skuse 1890S90
    |    |         T. exornata Bergr. 1881S90
    |    |         T. fragillima Westw. 1881S90
    |    |         T. teneraS90
    |    |         T. trentepohli [=Limnobia trentepohli]S90
    |    |--T. (Mongoma Westwood 1881)A40, S90
    |    |    `--T. (M.) pennipes (Osten Sacken 1887) [=Mongoma pennipes]A40
    |    `--T. (Paramongoma)G09
    |         |--T. (P.) aequivenaG09
    |         `--T. (P.) dominicanaG09
    |--Erioptera Meigen 1803AB81, S90
    |    |  i. s.: E. atraR26
    |    |         E. calopteraA16
    |    |         E. squalidaRD77
    |    |         E. venustaA16
    |    |         E. vespertinaA16
    |    |--E. (Erioptera)G09
    |    |    |--E. (E.) acucuspisG09
    |    |    |--E. (E.) cladophoroidesG09
    |    |    |--E. (E.) imbuta [=Tipula (E.) imbuta]G20
    |    |    |--E. (E.) ochracea Skuse 1890S90
    |    |    `--E. (E.) septemtrionisAB81
    |    `--E. (Mesocyphona)G09
    |         |--E. (M.) costalisG09
    |         |--E. (M.) eiseniG09
    |         |--E. (M.) knabiG09
    |         |--E. (M.) melanderianaAB81
    |         `--E. (M.) troglodytaG09
    |--Gonomyia Megerle 1818 [=Goniomyia O.-Sack. 1869; incl. Taphrosia Rondani 1856]S90
    |    |  i. s.: G. leucophaea Skuse 1890S90
    |    |--G. (Gonomyia)G09
    |    |    |--G. (G.) kansensisG09
    |    |    `--G. (G.) subcinereaAB81
    |    |--G. (Leiponeura Skuse 1890)G09, S90
    |    |    |--‘Leiponeura’ brevivena Skuse 1890S90
    |    |    |--‘Leiponeura’ gracilis Skuse 1890S90
    |    |    |--G. (L.) haploaG09
    |    |    |--G. (L.) mancaG09
    |    |    |--G. (L.) puerG09
    |    |    |--G. (L.) sulphurellaG09 [=G. (Lipophleps) sulphurellaAB81]
    |    |    `--G. (L.) sulphurelloidesG09
    |    |--G. (Neolipophleps)G09
    |    |    |--G. (N.) alexanderiG09
    |    |    |--G. (N.) cinereaG09
    |    |    |--G. (N.) helophilaG09
    |    |    `--G. (N.) strigilisG09
    |    `--G. (Paralipophleps) pleuralisAB81
    `--Molophilus Curtis 1833S90
         |  i. s.: M. annulipes Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. canus Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. femoratus Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. flavonotatus Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. fluviatilis Bangerter 1947TKM93
         |         M. froggatti Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. helmsi Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. hirtipennis G09
         |         M. longicornis Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. lucidipennis Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. montivagus Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. notatipennis Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. pervagatus Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. pulchripes Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. ruficollis Skuse 1890S90
         |         M. translucens Skuse 1890S90
         |--M. (Molophilus)G09
         |    |--M. (M.) gracilis Skuse 1890G09, S90
         |    `--M. (M.) plagiatusG09
         `--M. (Promolophilus) nitidusAB81

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A16] Alexander, C. P. 1916. New or little-known crane-flies from the United States and Canada: Tipulidae, Diptera, Part 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (3): 458–514, pls 16–21.

[A40] Alexander, C. P. 1940. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern China. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise 8 (1): 1–28.

[AB81] Alexander, C. P., & G. W. Byers. 1981. Tipulidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 153–190. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[G09] Gelhaus, J. K. 2009. Tipulidae (crane flies, tipúlidos). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 193–236. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.

[S90] Skuse, F. A. A. 1890. Diptera of Australia. Part VII.—The Tipulidae brevipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (3): 757–892, pls 21–24.

[TKM93] Thaler, K., B. Knoflach & E. Meyer. 1993. Fragmenta faunistica Tirolensia—X. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 80: 311–325.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.