Belongs within: Cichorioideae.
Contains: Leontodontinae, Hieracium, Microseridinae, Stephanomeria, Crepis, Taraxacum.
The Cichorieae are a group of composite-flowered plants bearing flowerheads with all flowers ligulate and stems with milky latex. Lactuca sativa, lettuce, is widely grown as a salad herb.
Characters (from Black & Robertson 1965): Flowers all ligulate; plants with milky juice; leaves alternate or radial. Flower-heads homogamous, flowers all bisexual, ligules mostly shortly five-toothed at summit and outer ones often radiating; style with plano-convex branches attenuated towards summit, bearing stigmatic papillae on whole of inner side and well-developed connecting hairs on outside down to below place where branches fork; anthers acute or acuminate at base.
<==Cichorieae [Cichoriaceae, Lactuceae, Liguliflorae]PF02
|--+--MicroseridinaeKJ94
| `--StephanomeriaKJ94
`--CrepidinaeKJ94
|--CrepisBR65
|--TaraxacumBR65
|--Tolpis Adanson 1763BR65
| |--T. barbataH93 [incl. T. umbellata Bertoloni 1803H93, BR65]
| `--T. capensisBGS05
|--Reichardia Roth. 1787 [incl. Picridium Desfontaines 1799]BR65
| |--R. intermediaPT98
| `--R. picroides (Linnaeus) Roth 1787 [incl. Picridium vulgare]BR65
|--ChondrillaBR65
| |--C. brevirostrisCW74
| |--C. junceaBR65
| | |--C. j. f. junceaCW74
| | `--C. j. f. acantholepisCW74
| |--C. leiospermaCW74
| `--C. prenanthoidesC55a
|--Sonchus Linnaeus 1753BR65, A61
| |--S. arvensisBR65
| |--S. asper Hill 1760BR65 [incl. S. fallaxC55b]
| | |--S. a. var. asperC46
| | `--S. a. var. gracilisC46
| |--S. grandifolius Kirk 1894A61
| |--S. hydrophilusGK00
| |--S. littoralis (Kirk) Cockayne 1907 (see below for synonymy)ME70
| |--S. megalocarpus [=S. asper var. megalocarpus Hooker 1860]BR65
| |--S. nigrumBN99
| |--S. oleraceusM99 [incl. S. ciliatusC55b, S. laevisC55b]
| |--S. palustrisC55a
| |--S. tenerrimusC74
| | |--S. t. var. tenerrimusC74
| | `--S. t. var. perennisC74
| `--S. vulgarisHo91
`--LactucaKJ94
|--L. amorginaS98
|--L. biennisH93
|--L. canadensisH93
|--L. indicaMH98
|--L. lessertianaO88
|--L. ludovicianaH93
|--L. muralisC06
|--L. salignaBR65
|--L. sativaKJ94 [=L. scariola var. sativaC55b]
|--L. scariolaBR65
|--L. serriola [incl. L. serriola var. integra]H93
|--L. tataricaH93
| |--L. t. ssp. tataricaH93
| `--L. t. ssp. pulchellaH93
|--L. vimineaHu91
`--L. virosaBR65
Cichorieae incertae sedis:
LeontodontinaeBR65
CichorinaeBR65
|--HedypnoisBR65
| |--H. cretica [incl. H. polymorpha]BR65
| `--H. rhagadioloidesGK00
`--CichoriumBR65
|--C. endivaH93
|--C. intybusBR65
|--C. pumilumPT98 [=C. endivia ssp. pumilumAGF98]
`--C. spinosumPT98
Kirkianella Allan 1961A61
`--*K. novae-zelandiae (Hooker) Allan 1961 [=Crepis novae-zelandiae Hooker 1864]A61
|--K. n. f. novae-zelandiae [incl. Hieracium fragile]A61
|--K. n. f. glauca Allan 1961A61
`--K. n. f. minor Allan 1961A61
HieraciumN10
Scolymus hispanicusS06, PT98
Troximon marginatumS06, J23
Sonchus littoralis (Kirk) Cockayne 1907 [=S. oleraceus γ littoralis Kirk 1894, S. asper γ littoralis (Kirk) Kirk 1899]ME70
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[BGS05] Banfi, E., G. Galasso & A. Soldano. 2005. Notes on systematics and taxonomy for the Italian vascular flora. 1. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. Museo Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 146 (2): 219–244.
[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.
[BN99] Bungener, P., S. Nussbaum, A. Grub & J. Fuhrer. 1999. Growth response of grassland species to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and plant strategy. New Phytologist 142: 283–293.
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[J23] James, E. 1823. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and ’20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, sec’y of war: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party vol. 1. H. C. Carey & I. Lea: Philadelphia.
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