Belongs within: Auchenorrhyncha.
The Cixiidae are a cosmopolitan group of plant-sucking bugs that commonly bear setiferous tubercles along the veins of the fore wings. Nymphs of this family are mostly root-feeders. Some are subterranean cave-dwellers with reduced eyes (Carver et al. 1991).
In most cixiids (Cixiinae), the hind wings have veins MP and CuA anastomosing for at least part of their length but the genus Borysthenes has these two veins completely separate and connected only by a cross-veinlet (Emeljanov 2002).
Characters (from Carver et al. 1991): Head usually not prolonged, but if prolonged then with only a median carina or none (excluding lateral margins); median ocellus sometimes present; apical segment of rostrum distinctly longer than wide; fore wing veins often bearing setae set in tubercles; tegulae and claval furrow always distinct, apex of confluent anal veins not reaching apex of clavus; anal area of hind wings not reticulate; apex of second segment of hind tarsus with a ventral row of small dark spines.
<==Cixiidae
|--Borysthenes [Borystheninae]E02
| `--B. fatalisE02
`--CixiinaeE02
| i. s.: Dysoliarus unicornisMC13
| OliarusMC13
| |--O. angusticepsYS01
| |--O. felisCGW91
| |--O. kaonohiBM76
| |--O. lubraCGW91 [incl. O. lubra var. vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907K08]
| |--O. oppositus [incl. Cixius marginalis]M27
| |--O. poyphemusRH88
| |--O. priolaRH88
| |--O. quinquelineatusWW96
| |--O. saccharicola Kirkaldy 1907K08
| |--O. tasmani Kirkaldy 1907K08
| `--O. trispiralis Löcker 2006JG19
| Ozoliarus bullockorumMC13
|--+--Duilius [Duiliini]E02
| | |--D. fasciatusE02
| | |--D. tamaricisE02
| | `--D. tenuisE02
| `--+--Cajeta [Cajetini]E02
| | `--C. singularisE02
| `--+--StenophlepsiiniE02
| `--+--OecleiniE02
| `--Bothriocera [Bothriocerinae]E02
`--+--+--Eucarpia [Eucarpiini]E02
| `--Pintalia [Pintaliini]E02
| `--P. altaHR11
`--+--+--Andes [Andini]E02
| | `--A. undulatusE02
| `--+--Brixia [Brixiini]E02
| | `--B. natalensisE02
| `--+--Brixidia [Brixidiini]E02
| `--Benna [Bennini]E02
| |--B. capitulataE02
| `--B. nastiE02
`--+--Mnemosyne [Pentastirini]E02
`--+--Semo [Semonini]E02
| `--S. clypealisE02
`--Cixius [Cixiini]E02
|--C. aspilusM27
|--C. cuniculariusH01
|--C. nervosus (Linnaeus 1758)E02, L58 (see below for synonymy)
|--C. orcusRH88
|--C. petrinusRJ93
|--C. piniWW96
|--C. (Tetracixius) pinivorus Orosz 2003F05
|--C. quebecensisWW96
`--C. stigmatusE66
Cixiidae incertae sedis:
MyndusE02
|--M. calvipennis [=Pinacites calvipennis]E02
|--M. crudusWW96
|--M. pusillusWW96
|--M. rumina [=Colvanalia rumina]E02
|--M. velox [=Myndodus velox]E02
|--M. vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907K08
`--M. wheeleri Wilson in Wheeler & Wilson 1996WW96
Achaemenes notatinervisE02
Afroreptalus daemonE02
Bennarella [Bennarellini]E02
`--B. bicoloripennisE02
Gelastocephalus [Gelastocephalini]E02
Malpha muiriE02
PseudoliarusE02
MundopaE02
Pentastiridius leporinusE02
Oecleopsis artemisiaeE02
Reptalus arcbogdulusE02
KuveraE02
Koroana interior [=Cixius interior; incl. K. helena, C. rufifrons]M27
TachycixiusRH88
|--T. canariensisRH88
`--T. lavatubus Remane & Hoch 1988RH88
Hyalesthes angustulusRH88
Typhlobrixia namorokensisRH88
Confuga persephoneRH88
GonyphlepsiaWEE70
Oeclixius amphion Fennah 1963P92
Cixius nervosus (Linnaeus 1758)E02, L58 [=Cicada nervosaL49, Cixia nervosaL49, Fulgora nervosaL02; incl. Cixia stigmaticaL49, Flata variaL49]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.
[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[E02] Emeljanov, A. F. 2002. Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Denisia 2002: 103–112.
[E66] Evans, H. E. 1966. The Comparative Ethology and Evolution of the Sand Wasps. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.
[HR11] Heraty, J., F. Ronquist, J. M. Carpenter, D. Hawks, S. Schulmeister, A. P. Dowling, D. Murray, J. Munro, W. C. Wheeler, N. Schiff & M. Sharkey. 2011. Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73–88.
[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[JG19] James, D. J., P. T. Green, W. F. Humphreys & J. C. Z. Woinarski. 2019. Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the Western Australian Museum 34 (2): 55–114.
[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[L49] Lucas, H. 1849. Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d’une commission académique. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. II. Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Troisième partie. Insectes (suite). Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.
[M27] Myers, J. G. 1927. On the nomenclature of New Zealand Homoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 685–690.
[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.
[RH88] Remane, R., & H. Hoch. 1988. Cave-dwelling Fulguroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) from the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 22: 403–412.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[WW96] Wheeler, A. G., Jr & S. W. Wilson. 1996. Planthoppers of pitch pine and scrub oak in pine barrens communities (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (1): 100–108.
[WEE70] Woodward, T. E., J. W. Evans & V. F. Eastop. 1970. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 387–457. Melbourne University Press.
[YS01] Yoshizawa, K., & T. Saigusa. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhycha (Hemiptera). Systematic Entomology 26: 1–13.