Belongs within: Atlantogenata.
Contains: Euphractinae.
The Dasypodidae are the armadillos, a family of omnivorous mammals found in South America and southern North America distinguished by modification of the skin to form an armour of bone and keratin. In the Chlamyphorinae, fairy armadillos, the armour is mostly dorsal and the sides of the body are largely exposed; in other armadillos the armour is more extensive.
Characters (from Nowak 1999): Skull dorsoventrally flattened; lower jaw elongate; tongue long and protrusible; teeth small, ever-growing, peglike, numerous (up to forty in each jaw). Double-layered covering of bone and horn over most of upper surface and sides: shield on top of head; quadrate or polygonal scutes on back and sides, usually arranged into shoulder and hip shields divided by movable rings; irregular horny shields on outer or exposed margins of limbs, which can be withdrawn into space between body and shoulder and hip shields; tail usually encased by bony rings or plates; undersurface of body, inner surfaces of limbs and spaces between scutes with soft, haired skin. Lower bones of legs united proximally and distally. Hands with three to five digits with powerful, curved claws; feet with five digits with claws. Mammae usually located in chest region, abdominal pair occasionally present.
<==Dasypodidae [Tatusidae] | i. s.: AstegotheriiniBAA04 | |--Astegotherium Ameghino 1902BAA04 | |--Stegosimpsonia Vizcaíno 1994BAA04 | |--Nanoastegotherium Carlini, Vizcaíno & Scillato-Yané 1997BAA04 | |--Riostegotherium Oliveira & Bergqvist 1998BAA04, D07 | | `--R. yanei Oliveira & Bergqvist 1998BAA04 | `--Prostegotherium Ameghino 1902BAA04 | `--P. astrifer Ameghino 1902BAA04 |--+--+--EuphractinaeDSD03 | | `--Chlamyphorus Harlan 1825FS15, BR05 (see below for synonymy) | | |--*C. truncatus Harlan 1825 (see below for synonymy)C57 | | `--C. retusus (Burmeister 1863)FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy) | | |--C. r. retususC57 | | `--‘Burmeisteria retusa’ clorindae Yepes 1939C57 | `--TolypeutinaeDSD03 | |--Tolypeutes Illiger 1811DSD03, BAA04 (see below for synonymy) | | |--*T. tricinctus (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)C57 | | `--T. matacus (Desmarest 1804) (see below for synonymy)C57 | `--Priodontini [Priodontidae, Priodontina]DSD03 | |--Priodontes Cuvier 1825 (see below for synonymy)C57 | | |--P. giganteus (Geoffroy 1803) (see below for synonymy)C57 | | `--P. maximus Cuvier 1827BAA04 | `--Cabassous McMurtrie 1831DSD03, BAA04 (see below for synonymy) | |--*C. unicinctus (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)C57 | |--C. centralisIT07 | |--C. chacoensisIT07 | |--C. hispidus (Burmeister 1854) (see below for synonymy)C57 | |--C. loricatus (Wagner 1855) (see below for synonymy)C57 | `--C. tatouay (Desmarest 1819) (see below for synonymy)C57 `--+--+--PropraopusFS15 | | |--P. grandisA05a | | |--P. punctatusFS15 | | `--P. sulcatusFS15 | `--Dasypus Linnaeus 1758DSD03, BAA04 (see below for synonymy) | |--*D. novemcinctus Linnaeus 1758C57 (see below for synonymy) | | |--D. n. novemcinctus (see below for synonymy)C57 | | |--D. n. aequatorialis Lönnberg 1913 [incl. Tatusia granadiana Gray 1873 (n. d.)]C57 | | |--D. n. mexianae (Hagmann 1908) [=Tatusia novemcincta mexianae]C57 | | `--D. n. mexicanus Peters 1864MB86 | |--D. bellusFS15 | |--D. hybridus (Desmarest 1804) (see below for synonymy)C57 | |--D. kappleri Krauss 1862C57 [=Tatusia kappleriC57, Tatu kappleriT01] | | |--D. k. kappleri [incl. D. pentadactylus Peters 1865]C57 | | `--D. k. pastasae (Thomas 1901) (see below for synonymy)C57 | |--D. mazzai Yepes 1933C57 | |--D. pilosus (Fitzinger 1856) (see below for synonymy)C57 | |--D. sabanicolaDSD03 | |--D. septemcinctus Linnaeus 1758 (see below for synonymy)C57 | `--D. yepesiFS15 `--GlyptodontoideaR06 | i. s.: Palaeopeltis Ameghino 1895SM93 [PalaeopeltidaeR06] | `--P. inornatusA05b |--PampatheriidaeSM93 | |--Machlydotherium Ameghino 1902SM93 | |--Pampatherium Ameghino 1875FS15, SM93 | | |--P. humboldtiFS15 | | `--P. typumFS15 | `--Holmesina Simpson 1930SM93 | |--H. septentrionalisFS15 | `--+--H. occidentalisFS15 | `--H. paulacoutoiFS15 `--+--+--Panochthus tuberculatusFS15 | `--Neosclerocalyptus paskoensisFS15 `--Glyptodontidae [Glyptodontia, Glyptodontoidea]BAA04 | i. s.: Propaleohoplophorus Ameghino 1891BAA04 | Lomaphorus Ameghino 1889SM93 | Plaxhaplous Ameghino 1884SM93 | Heteroglyptodon Roselli 1976SM93 | Sclerocaluptus Ameghino 1891SM93 | `--S. ornatusO05 | Neothoracophorus Ameghino 1889SM93 |--+--Hoplophorus Lund 1838FS15, SM93 | | `--H. euphractusFS15 | `--Glyptodon Owen 1839FS15, D07 | |--G. clavipesD07 | |--G. laevisO05 | `--G. reticulatusFS15 `--+--Glyptotherium Osborn 1903FS15, SM93 | |--G. cylindricumFS15 | `--G. floridanumFS15 `--+--Neuryurus trabeculatusFS15 `--Doedicrurus Burmeister 1874FS15, SM93 |--D. clavicaudatusD07 `--D. patagonicusD07
Cabassous McMurtrie 1831DSD03, BAA04 [incl. Arizostus Gloger 1841C57, Lysiurus Ameghino 1891C57, Tatoua Gray 1865C57, Ziphila Gray 1873C57]
Cabassous hispidus (Burmeister 1854) [=Dasypus hispidus, Tatoua (Tatoua) hispida; incl. Xenurus latirostris Gray 1873]C57
Cabassous loricatus (Wagner 1855) [=Dasypus gymnurus var. loricatus, Lysiurus loricatus, Xenurus loricatus]C57
Cabassous tatouay (Desmarest 1819) [=Dasypus tatouay, Tatusia tatouay, Xenurus tatouay; incl. Ziphila lugubris Gray 1873]C57
*Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Dasypus unicinctus, Lysiurus unicinctus, Tatoua unicincta, Xenurus (Tatoua) unicinctus; incl. D. dudodecimcinctus Schreber 1774, D. gymnurus Wied 1826, Arizostus gymnurus, Tatusia gymnura, Xenurus gymnurus, Dasypus multicinctus Thumberg 1818, X. nudicaudus Turner 1851, D. octodecimcinctus Erxleben 1777, D. undecimcinctus Illiger 1815 (n. n.), D. verrucosus Wagner 1844, D. xenurus Krauss 1862]C57
Chlamyphorus Harlan 1825BR05 [=Chlamydephorus Lenz 1831 (nom. inv.) non Binney 1879BR05, Chlamydophorus Wagler 1830C57; incl. Burmeisteria Gray 1865C57; Chlamyphorinae, Chlamyphorini]
Chlamyphorus retusus (Burmeister 1863)FS15, C57 [=Chlamydophorus retususC57, *Burmeisteria retusaC57, Calyptophractus retususC57]
*Chlamyphorus truncatus Harlan 1825 [=Chlamydophorus truncatus; incl. Chlamydophorus truncatus minor Lahille 1895, Chlamyphorus truncatus minor, Chlamydophorus truncatus ornatus Lahille 1895, Chlamyphorus truncatus patquiensis Yepes 1932, Chlamydophorus truncatus typicus Lahille 1895]C57
Dasypus Linnaeus 1758DSD03, BAA04 [incl. Cachicama Geoffroy 1835C57, Cachicamus McMurtrie 1831C57, Cataphractus Storr 1780C57, Cryptophractus Fitzinger 1856C57, Hyperoambon Peters 1864C57, Loricatus Desmarest 1804C57, Muletia Gray 1874C57, Praopus Burmeister 1854C57, Tatu Blumenbach 1799C57, Tatus Fermin 1769C57, Tatusia Lesson 1827C57, Zonoplites Gloger 1841C57; Dasypodinae, Dasypodini]
Dasypus hybridus (Desmarest 1804) [=Loricatus hybridus, Cachicama hybridus, Praopus hybridus, Tatu hybridus, Tatusia hybrida, T. hybridus; incl. Dasypus brevicauda Larrañaga 1923]C57
Dasypus kappleri pastasae (Thomas 1901) [=Tatu pastasae; incl. D. kappleri beniensis Lönnberg 1942, D. kappleri peruvianus Lönnberg 1928]C57
*Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus 1758C57 [=Cachicamus novemcinctusC57, Praopus novemcinctusC57, Tatu novemcinctusT01, Tatusia novemcinctaC57]
*Dasypus novemcinctus novemcinctus Linné 1758 [incl. Tatusia boliviensis Gray 1873, Tatusia brevirostris Gray 1873, Tatusia leptocephala Gray 1873, Tatusia leptorhynchus Gray 1873, Tatusia leptorhinus (l. c.), Dasypus longicaudatus Kerr 1792, D. longicaudus, Praopus longicaudatus, Tatus longicaudatus, Dasypus lundii Fitzinger 1871, Tatus minor Fermin 1769, Loricatus niger Desmarest 1804, Dasypus octocinctus Schreber 1774, D. peba Desmarest 1819, D. (Praopus) peba, Tatusia peba, Tatusia platycercus Hensel 1873, Dasypus serratus Fischer 1814, D. uroceras Lund 1841]C57
Dasypus pilosus (Fitzinger 1856) [=Cryptophractus pilosus, D. (Chryptophractus) pilosus, Tatu pilosa; incl. D. (Praopus) hirsutus Burmeister 1862]C57
Dasypus septemcinctus Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Tatusia megalolepis Cope 1889, D. megalolepe, Tatu megalolepis, Tatusia (Muletia) propalatum Rhoads 1895, Dasypus propalatus]C57
Priodontes Cuvier 1825 [=Priodon McMurtrie 1831 non Quoy & Gaimard 1825, Priodonta Gray 1843, Prionodon Gray 1843 nec Horsfield 1822 nec Müller & Henle 1839, Prionodontes Schinz 1845, Prionodos Gray 1865; incl. Cheloniscus Wagler 1830, Polygomphius Gleger 1841]C57
Priodontes giganteus (Geoffroy 1803) [=Dasypus giganteus, Loricatus giganteus, Priodon giganteus; incl. Dasypus gigas Cuvier 1822, Cheloniscus gigas, Priodon gigas, Priodonta gigas, *Priodontes gigas, Prionodontes gigas, Prionodos gigas]C57
Tolypeutes Illiger 1811DSD03, BAA04 [=Tolypuetes (l. c.)C57; incl. Apar Geoffroy 1847C57, Apara McMurtrie 1831C57, Matacus Rafinesque 1815C57, Sphaerocormus Fitzinger 1871C57, Tolypoides Neveu-Lemaire & Grandidier 1905C57; Tolypeutini]
Tolypeutes matacus (Desmarest 1804) [=Loricatus matacus, Tolypeutes mataca, Tolypeutes matacos, Tolypeutes tricinctus matacus, Tolypuetes tricinctus matacos; incl. Dasypus aparoides Bravard in Gervais 1869 (n. n.), Tolypoides bicinctus Grandidier & Neveu-Lemaire 1905, Tolypeutes conurus Geoffroy 1847, Dasypus (Tolypeutes) conurus fossilis Burmeister 1867, Tolypeutes globulus Illiger 1815 (n. n.), Tolypeutes tricinctus muriei Garrod 1878, Tolypuetes tricinctus muriei]C57
*Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Dasypus tricinctus, Tolypuetes tricinctus; incl. D. apar Desmarest 1819, Tatusia apar, D. quadricinctus Linnaeus 1758]C57
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A05a] Ameghino, F. 1905a. Le perforación astragaliana en Priodontes, Canis (Chrysocyon) y Typotherium. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 1–19.
[A05b] Ameghino, F. 1905b. Les édentés fossiles de France et d’Allemagne. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 175–250.
[BAA04] Bergqvist, L. P., E. A. L. Abrantes & L. dos S. Avilla. 2004. The Xenarthra (Mammalia) of São José de Itaboraí Basin (upper Paleocene, Itaboraian), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geodiversitas 26 (2): 323–337.
[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.
[C57] Cabrera, A. 1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I (Metatheria—Unguiculata—Carnivora). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de Las Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoológicas 4 (1): 1–307.
[DSD03] Delsuc, F., M. J. Stanhope & E. J. P. Douzery. 2003. Molecular systematics of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae): contribution of maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 261–275.
[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.
[FS15] Faurby, S., & J.-C. Svenning. 2015. A species-level phylogeny of all extant and late Quaternary extinct mammals using a novel heuristic-hierarchical Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 14–26.
[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PloS One 2 (3): e296.
[MB86] Matson, J. O., & R. H. Baker. 1986. Mammals of Zacatecas. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 24: 1–88.
Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker’s Mammals of the World vol. 2. JHU Press.
[O05] Outes, F. F. 1905. Sobre un instrumento paleolítico de Luján (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 169–173.
[R06] Rose, K. D. 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.
[SM93] Stucky, R. K., & M. C. McKenna. 1993. Mammalia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 739–771. Chapman & Hall: London.
[T01] Thomas, O. 1901. New species of Saccopteryx, Sciurus, Rhipidomys, and Tatu from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 366–371.