Belongs within: Dendrobieae.
Contains: Dendrobium section Dendrocoryne, Dendrobium section Distichophyllum, Anisopetala, Eurycaulis, Aporum, Ceraia.
Dendrobium is a diverse Indo-Australian genus of orchids typically bearing large, showy flowers. Clements (2003) proposed dividing Dendrobium between a large number of smaller genera but this system has not been widely accepted.
Characters (Moore & Edgar 1970): Plants epiphytic or rupestral; growth sympodial; stems more or less elongated, sometimes swollen into fleshy pseudobulbs. Leaves variously shaped, jointed to sheath. Inflorescence usually lateral, one- to many-flowered; floral bracts often very small. Perianth usually large and showy; dorsal sepal uppermost, free; lateral sepals adnate to column-foot, forming a mentum; petals larger or smaller than sepals, usually thinner. Labellum more or less three-lobed, claw attached to end of column-foot, disc often longitudinally lamellate but rarely with calli. Column short, more or less winged, foot long; anther terminal, operculate, incumbent, narrowly joined to column just below apex, caducous, pollinia 4, more or less waxy, without caudicles; stigma deeply concave, separated from anther by narrow transverse flap.
<==Dendrobium Swartz 1799 (nom. cons.) (see below for synonymy)C03
|--+--D. cunninghamii Lindl. 1835A11, ME70 [=*Winika cunninghamiiC03; incl. D. lessonii Col. 1883ME70]
| `--+--Cannaeorchis Clements & Jones 1998C03
| | `--*C. fractiflexa [=Dendrobium fractiflexum]C03
| `--+--Cadetia Gaud. in Freycinet 1829A11, C03
| | |--*C. umbellatumC03
| | `--C. maidenianaC03
| |--+--Diplocaulobium (Reichenb.) Kraenzlin 1910A11, C03
| | | |--*D. nitidissimum [=Dendrobium nitidissimum]C03
| | | `--D. ischnopetalumA11
| | |--D. sect. GrastidiumA11 [=Grastidium Blume 1825C03]
| | | |--D. salaccenseT-W89 [=*Grastidium salaccenseC03]
| | | `--D. baileyiA11 [=Grastidium baileyiC03]
| | |--D. bifalceA11
| | |--D. macrophyllumA11 [=Diplocaulobium macrophyllumC03]
| | `--+--D. canaliculatum [=*Cepobaculum canaliculatum]C03
| | `--D. nindii A11 [=Diplocaulobium nindiiC03]
| `--+--Flickingeria Hawkes 1961A11, C03 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--*F. angulata [=Desmotrichum angulatum]C03
| | |--F. angustifoliaP03
| | |--F. comataA11
| | `--F. nativitatis (Ridley) Wood 1982JG19
| |--D. sect. DendrocoryneA11
| |--+--D. carriiA11
| | `--D. sect. AustralorchisA11 [=Australorchis Brieger in Schlechter 1981C03]
| | `--D. monophyllum [=*Australorchis monophylla]C03
| |--D. adaeA11
| |--D. falcorostrumA11
| |--D. finniganenseA11
| |--D. fleckeriA11
| |--D. gracilicauleA11
| |--+--D. pugioniformeA11
| | `--+--D. calamiformeA11 [=Dockrillia calamiformisC03]
| | `--D. schoeninumA11
| `--+--D. linguiformeA11 [=*Dockrillia linguiformisC03]
| `--D. racemosumA11
`--+--D. (sect. Formosae) formosumC03, A11
`--+--D. sect. DistichophyllumC03
`--+--D. sect. DendrobiumC03
| |--D. moschatumC03
| `--+--*D. moniliformeC03 (see below for synonymy)
| `--D. macrostachyumA11 [incl. D. stuartiiC03]
`--+--+--+--AnisopetalaC03
| | `--EurycaulisC03
| `--Pedilonum (Blume) Blume 1825 [=Dendrobium sect. Pedilonum Blume 1825]C03
| |--*P. secundum Blume 1825 [=Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindley 1829]C03
| |--P. amethystoglossum (Reichenb.) Clements 2003 [=Dendrobium amethystoglossum Reichenb. 1872]C03
| |--P. erosumC03 [=Dendrobium erosumT-W89]
| |--P. hasseltiiC03 [=Dendrobium hasseltiiT-W89]
| `--P. kuhliiC03 [=Dendrobium kuhliiT-W89]
`--+--D. sect. Callista (see below for synonymy)C03
| |--D. amabile [=*Callista amabilis Loureiro 1790]C03
| |--D. densiflorum (see below for synonymy)C03
| |--‘Callista’ farmeri (Paxt.) Kuntze 1891C03
| |--D. griffithianum [=Callista griffithiana (Lindley) Kuntze 1891]C03
| |--D. guibertii Carriere 1876 [=Callista guibertii (Carriere) Clements 2003]C03
| |--D. palpebrae [=Callista palpebrae (Lindley) Kuntze 1891]C03
| `--D. thyrsiflorum Reichenb. in Andre 1875 [=Callista thyrsiflora (Reichenb.) Clements 2003]C03
`--+--+--AporumC03
| `--CeraiaC03
`--+--+--+--D. fairchildaeA11
| | `--D. sect. DolichocentrumC03
| | |--D. (sect. *D.) furcatumC03
| | |--D. auriculatumC03
| | |--D. miyasakiiC03
| | `--D. papilioC03
| `--+--+--D. goldschmidtianumC03
| | `--D. serratilabiumC03
| `--+--D. chameleonC03
| `--+--D. ceraulaC03
| |--D. victoriae-reginaeC03
| `--D. yeageriC03
`--+--+--D. rarumC03
| `--+--D. violaceumA11
| `--+--D. (sect. *Oxyglossum) cyanocentrumC03
| `--D. subuliferumC03
`--+--D. (sect. Holochrysa) lancifoliumC03, A11
`--+--+--D. capituliflorumC03
| `--+--D. cauliculimentumC03
| `--D. rhododioidesC03
`--+--D. morrisoniiC03
`--+--D. smillieae von Mueller 1867A11, C03 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--D. sect. CalyptrochilusC03
| |--D. lawesiiC03
| `--D. mohlianumC03
`--+--D. fulgidumC03
`--+--D. nothofagicolaC03
`--+--D. bracteosumC03
`--+--D. agathodaemonisC03
`--D. sophronitesC03
Dendrobium incertae sedis:
D. acuminatissimumP03
D. aduncumT-W89
D. affineLK14
D. albo-sanguineumT-W89
D. alpestreSS72
D. amboinenseT-W89
D. amoenumSS72
D. andreemillariae Reeve 1982 [=Coelandria andreemillariae (Reeve) Clements 2003]C03
D. anosmumP88
D. aphyllum (Roxburgh) Fischer in Gamble 1928GS03
D. auriferumT-W89
D. biflorumC06
D. bigibbumA11 [=*Vappodes bigibbusC03]
D. brevicaudumA11
D. calcaratumT-W89
D. carroniiA11
D. chrysoglossum Schlechter 1912 [=Coelandria chrysoglossa (Schlechter) Clements 2003]C03
D. coccineum Kraenzlin in Engl. 1910 [=Coelandria coccinea (Kraenzlin) Clements 2003]C03
D. concavissimum Smith 1911 [=Coelandria concavissima (Smith) Clements 2003]C03
D. criniferumT-W89
D. cucumerinumT-W89
D. cymbidioidesT-W89
D. dayanumT-W89
D. discolorA11
D. flavescensT-W89
D. fornicatum Schlechter 1912 [=Coelandria fornicata (Schlechter) Clements 2003]C03
D. fractum Reeve 1982 [=Coelandria fracta (Reeve) Clements 2003]C03
D. gemellumT-W89
D. glaucophyllumT-W89
D. glumaceumT-W89
D. glomeratum Rolfe 1894 [=Coelandria glomerata (Rolfe) Clements 2003]C03
D. hymenophyllumT-W89
D. latifoliumT-W89
D. linawianum [incl. *Ormostema purpurea]C03
D. longicolleT-W89
D. lowiiT-W89
D. macranthumT-W89
D. macrochilumT-W89
D. miserumT-W89
D. nobileA11
D. ‘obtusum’ Schlechter in Schumann & Lauterb. 1905 non Reichenb. 1861 (see below for synonymy)C03
D. pallidumT-W89
D. phalaenopsisP88
D. pierardii [incl. *Peirardia bicolor]C03
D. plicatileT-W89
D. rhombeumT-W89
D. ruckeriT-W89
D. rugosumT-W89
D. scopaT-W89
D. taurinumT-W89
D. tenellumP03
D. teretifoliumH86
D. umbellatomK03
D. vaginatumT-W89
D. veitchianumT-W89
D. violae-odorumT-W89
D. winikaphyllumA11
D. zollingerianumT-W89
|--D. z. var. zollingerianumT-W89
`--D. z. var. albumT-W89
Dendrobium smillieae von Mueller 1867 [=Callista smillieae (von Mueller) Kuntze 1891, *Coelandria smillieae (von Mueller) Fitzgerald 1882, Pedilonum smillieae (von Mueller) Rauschert 1983]C03
Dendrobium Swartz 1799 (nom. cons.) [=De. sect. Eudendrobium Lindley & Paxton in Paxton 1850–51; incl. Cepobaculum Clements & Jones 2002, Coelandria Fitzgerald 1882, Dockrillia Brieger 1981, Dendrobium sect. Eugenanthe Schlechter 1912, Ormostema Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1836, Peirardia Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1836, Vappodes Clements & Jones 2002, Winika Clements, Jones & Molloy 1997]C03
Dendrobium densiflorum [=Callista densiflora (Lindley) Kuntze 1891, D. (sect. *Densiflora) densiflorum; incl. *Endeisa flava]C03
*Dendrobium moniliformeC03 [=Epidendrum moniliforme Linnaeus 1753A11; incl. Ormostema albifloraC03, Epidendrum monileC03, Dendrobium monileC03]
Dendrobium ‘obtusum’ Schlechter in Schumann & Lauterb. 1905 non Reichenb. 1861 [=Coelandria obtusa (Schlechter) Clements 2003]C03
Dendrobium sect. Callista [=Callista Loureiro 1790; incl. D. sect. Densiflora Finet 1903, Endeisa Rafinesque 1837]C03
Flickingeria Hawkes 1961A11, C03 [=Desmotrichum Blume 1825 (nom. rej.) non Kützing 1845 (nom. cons.)C03; incl. EphemeranthaC03]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A11] Adams, P. B. 2011. Systematics of Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with special reference to Australian taxa. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 105–126.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[C03] Clements, M. A. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic systematics in the Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on Dendrobium section Pedilonum. Telopea 10 (1): 247–298.
[GS03] Ghoshal, P. P., & S. Saha. 2003. A plea for the conservation of Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Fischer (Orchidaceae). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 201–202.
[H86] Hamilton, A. G. 1886. List of the Orchideae of the Mudgee district. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 865–878.
[JG19] James, D. J., P. T. Green, W. F. Humphreys & J. C. Z. Woinarski. 2019. Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the Western Australian Museum 34 (2): 55–114.
[K03] Kulip, J. 2003. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and other useful plants of Muruts in Sabah, Malaysia. Telopea 10 (1): 81–98.
[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.
[ME70] Moore, L. B., & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[P03] Partomihardjo, T. 2003. Colonisation of orchids on the Krakatau Islands. Telopea 10 (1): 299–310.
[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.
[SS72] Singh, V., & H. Singh. 1972. A contribution to the flora of Gangolihat block in Pithoragarh District. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (2): 352–368.
[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.