Dicksoniaceae

Belongs within: Leptosporangiatae.

The Dicksoniaceae are a group of mostly terrestrial (occasionally epiphytic) ferns, most of which are tree ferns though some have creeping rhizomes. They are distinguished from other tree ferns in the Cyatheaceae by having hairs rather than scales on the trunk. Members of the Dicksoniaceae are found in the tropics, as well as temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Fossils have been attributed to the Dicksoniaceae going back to the Triassic period but the characters associating these taxa are probably plesiomorphic for a broader group (Schneider et al. 2004).

Characters (Large & Braggins 2004): Generally with rhizome forming tree-like trunk. Covering of long tapering hairs composed of cells arranged end to end. Fronds may be 1-3 m in length. Sori positioned towards margins of pinnules, taking form of elongate or rounded receptacles. Sorus enclosed by thin indusium and small reflexed lobe of frond lamina. Spores rounded-triangular (trilete).

<==Dicksoniaceae
    |--CalochlaenaSP09
    |    |--C. dubia [=Culcita dubia]H90
    |    `--C. villosaSP09
    `--+--LophosoriaceaeC93
       |    |--LophosoriaSP09
       |    |    |--L. cupulatusSP09
       |    |    `--L. quadripinnataSP09
       |    |--Lophosoriorhachis japinica Nishida 1982C93
       |    `--ConantiopterisSP09
       `--Dicksonia L’Heritier 1788SP09, A61
            |--D. ampla [=Dennstaedtia ampla]T-W89
            |--D. antarcticaSS04
            |--D. arborescensV97
            |--D. barometzT-W89
            |--D. berteroanaP-GR14
            |--D. externaHRS06
            |--D. fibrosa Colenso 1846 (see below for synonymy)A61
            |--D. flaccidaBS-V28
            |--D. lanata Colenso 1846 [incl. D. laevis Heward in Hook. f. 1846]A61
            |--D. multifidaBS-V28
            |--D. squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz 1806 [=Trichomanes squarrosum Forst. f. 1786; incl. D. gracilis Colenso 1883]A61
            |--D. stramineaBS-V28
            `--D. youngiaeH90

Dicksoniaceae incertae sedis:
  Haydenia Seward 1912BO02
    `--H. thyrsopteroidesBO02
  Onychiopsis Yokoyama 1889C93, BO02 [Tanydoraceae]
    |--O. psilotoides (Stokes & Webb) Ward 1905C93
    `--O. tenuilobaK-CB01
  ConiopterisSS04
    |--C. dicksonioidesSS04
    |--C. hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward 1900C93
    |    |--C. h. var. hymenophyloidesF71
    |    `--C. h. var. australicaF71
    |--C. manamanensisBO02
    |--C. margaretaeHH09
    `--C. quinquelobaT13

Dicksonia fibrosa Colenso 1846 [incl. D. intermedia Colenso ex Hook. & Baker 1873, D. microcarpa Colenso 1888, D. sparrmanniana Colenso 1880]^A61

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BO02] Barale, G., & M. Ouaja. 2002. La biodiversité végétale des gisements d’âge Jurassique supérieur-Crétacé inférieur de Merbah El Asfer (Sud-Tunisien). Cretaceous Research 23: 707–737.

[BS-V28] Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. 1828. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Botanique. Cryptogamie. Arthus Bertrand: Paris.

[C93] Cleal, C. J. 1993. Pteridophyta. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 779–794. Chapman & Hall: London.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[HRS06] Hahn, I., U. Römer & R. P. Schlatter. 2006. Population numbers and status of land birds of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile (Aves: Falconiformes, Columbiformes, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Passeriformes). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 109–125.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[HH09] Hu, D., L. Hou, L. Zhang & X. Xu. 2009. A pre-Archaeopteryx troodontid theropod from China with long feathers on the metatarsus. Nature 461: 640–643.

[K-CB01] Konijnenburg-van Cittert, H. van, & K. Bandel. 2001. Jurassic plants from Djebel Tih, Sinai. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 85: 47–64.

Large, M. F., & J. E. Braggins. 2004. Tree Ferns. CSIRO Publishing.

[P-GR14] Pérez-González, A., M. J. Ramírez, E. M. Soto & J. Pizarro-Araya. 2014. First harvestman record for the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile, with morphological notes on Acropsopilio chilensis (Opiliones: Caddidae: Acropsopilioninae). Zootaxa 3852 (3): 347–358.

[SS04] Schneider, H., E. Schuettpelz, K. M. Pryer, R. Cranfill, S. Magallón & R. Lupia. 2004. Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms. Nature 428: 553–557.

[SP09] Schuettpelz, E., & K. M. Pryer. 2009. Evidence for a Cenozoic radiation of ferns in an angiosperm-dominated canopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (27): 11200–11205.

[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.

[T13] Thomas, H. H. 1913. The fossil flora of the Cleveland district of Yorkshire: I—The flora of the Marske quarry. With notes on the stratigraphy, by the Rev. George Johne Lane, F.G.S. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 12: 150.

[V97] Ventenat, C. 1797. Extrait d’un mémoire sur les fougeres, de M. Smith. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societé Philomathique de Paris 1 (9): 71–72.