Belongs within: Furcatergalia.
The Ephemerelloidea are a group of mayflies in which the nymphs have the musculature of the maxillary and labial palps reduced, being adapted to shredding food items with the mandibles. Most produce eggs with a polar cap with the exception of the basal genus Lithogloea (Molineri & Dominguez 2003).
Synapomorphies (from Molineri & Dominguez 2003): Adults with base of wing vein CuA detached from R1, directed to CuP. Nymphs with labial palp segment 3 reduced; transversal row of spines present at base of femora II and III; gills with ventral lamellae bifid; branchial lobes along entire margin of lamellae.
<==Ephemerelloidea [Ephemerellidae] | i. s.: Philolimnias Hong 1979H02 | `--*P. sinica Hong 1979H02 | Clephemera Lin 1986RJ93, KS02 | `--C. clava Lin 1986RJ93 |--LithogloeaMD03 `--+--Ephemerella Walsh 1862MD03, D68 [Ephemerellinae] | |--E. excruciansRD77 | |--E. ignitaRD77 | |--E. incognitaA99 | |--E. inconstansRS10 | |--E. lenoki Tshernova 1952K03 | |--E. major (Klapálek 1905)M86 | |--E. notata Eaton 1887M86 | |--E. rotundaRD77 | `--E. (Timpanoga) viscata Demoulin 1968D68 `--+--TeloganodinaeMD03 | |--Manohyphella [Teloganodidae]MD03 | `--+--Teloganella [Teloganellidae]MD03 | `--Melanemerella Ulmer 1920 [Melanemerellidae, Melanemerellinae]MD03 | `--*M. brasiliana Ulmer 1920MD03 `--+--Austremerella pictaMD03, PC91 [=Ephemerellina (Austremerella) pictaPC91] `--+--EphemerythusMD03 `--+--MachadorythusMD03 `--+--Tricorythus [Tricorythidae]MD03 `--+--Coryphorus [Coryphoryidae]MD03 `--LeptohyphidaeMD03 |--TricorythopsisMD03 `--+--+--TricorythodesMD03 | `--+--HaplohyphesMD03 | `--LeptohyphodesMD03 `--+--LeptohyphesMD03 `--+--TraverhyphesMD03 |--YaurinaMD03 `--AllenhyphesMD03
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[D68] Demoulin, G. 1968. Deuxième contribution à la connaissance des ephéméroptères de l’ambre oligocène de la Baltique. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N. F.) 15 (1–3): 233–276.
[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
[K03] Kluge, N. J. 2003. About evolution and homology of genital appendages of insects. Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obshestva [Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society] 74: 3–16.
[KS02] Kluge, N. Yu., & N. D. Sinitshenkova. 2002. Order Ephemerida Latreille, 1810. The true mayflies (=Ephemeroptera Hyatt et Arms, 1891 (s. l.); =Euephemeroptera Kluge, 2000. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 89–97. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[M86] Marten, M. 1986. Drei für Deutschland neue und weitere, selten gefundene Eintagsfliegen aus der Fulda (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 169–173.
[MD03] Molineri, C., & E. Domínguez. 2003. Nymph and egg of Melanemerella brasiliana (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerelloidea: Melanemerellidae), with comments on its systematic position and the higher classification of Ephemerelloidea. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22 (2): 263–275.
[PC91] Peters, W. L., & I. C. Campbell. 1991. Ephemeroptera (mayflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 279–293. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[RS10] Regier, J. C., J. W. Shultz, A. Zwick, A. Hussey, B. Ball, R. Wetzer, J. W. Martin & C. W. Cunningham. 2010. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature 463: 1079–1083.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.