Belongs within: Pimplinae.
Contains: Dreisbachia, Zonopimpla.
The Ephialtini is a diverse (probably paraphyletic) group of ichneumon wasps associated with a range of insect and arachnid hosts. Basal members of the clade oviposit on their host through plant tissues (Gauld et al. 2002).
Characters (Gauld 1984): Small to moderately large; ovipositor usually as long as or longer than gaster; forewing with 3r-m present or absent; hind wing with first abscissa of Cu1 more than 0.6 times length of cu-a.
Ephialtini [Polysphinctini]GWB02
|--Pseudopimpla pygidiatorGWB02
`--+--Alophosternum groupGWB02
| |--Alophosternum foliicolaGWB02
| `--PachymelosGWB02
`--+--Sericopimpla groupGWB02
| | i. s.: AfrosphinctaGWB02
| | AravenatorGWB02
| | LongitibiaGWB02
| | ReclinervellusGWB02
| |--+--Sericopimpla Kriechbaumer 1895GWB02, G84 [incl. Charitopimpla Cameron 1902G84, Philopsyche Cameron 1905G84]
| | | |--*S. sericata [=Pimpla sericata]G84
| | | |--S. albobalteata [incl. S. annulipes Cameron 1905]G84
| | | |--S. australis Townes, Townes & Gupta 1961 [=S. annulipes (Cameron 1912) non Cameron 1905]G84
| | | |--S. crenator [incl. S. pilosella]G84
| | | |--S. flavobalteata (Cameron 1902)IR05 [=*Charitopimpla flavobalteataG84, Philopsyche flavobalteataIR05]
| | | |--S. sagrae (Vollenhoven 1879)IR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | | `--S. shiva Gupta & Tikar 1976IR05
| | `--GregopimplaGWB02
| | |--G. inquisitorGWB02
| | `--+--G. kuwanaeGWB02
| | `--IseropusGWB02
| | |--I. barqueroiGWB02
| | |--I. coelebs [incl. Cryptus inquisitor, Pimpla inquisitor, P. inquisitoriella]B37
| | `--I. stercoratorGWB02
| `--+--TromatobiaGWB02
| | |--T. blancoiGWB02
| | `--T. oculatoriaGWB02
| `--+--Zaglyptus Foerster 1869GWB02, G84
| | |--*Z. varipes [=Polysphincta varipes]G84
| | |--Z. glabrinotumG84
| | |--Z. grandisG84
| | |--Z. indicusIR05
| | | |--Z. i. indicusIR05
| | | `--Z. i. nigrithorax Gupta 1961IR05
| | `--Z. simonisGWB02
| `--+--ClistopygaGWB02
| | |--C. henryiGWB02
| | `--+--C. calixtoiGWB02
| | `--+--C. incitatorGWB02
| | `--C. manniGWB02
| `--+--Piogaster pilosatorGWB02
| `--+--DreisbachiaGWB02
| `--+--Polysphincta tuberosaGWB02
| `--+--Oxyrrhexis Foerster 1869GWB02, IR05
| | `--*O. carbonator [=Cryptus carbonator]IR05
| `--+--Sinarachna Townes 1960GWB02, IR05
| | `--*S. pallipes [=Polysphicta pallipes]IR05
| `--+--+--Eriostethus Morley 1914GWB02, G84 [incl. Millironia Baltazar 1964G84]
| | | |--*E. pulcherrimusG84
| | | |--E. carinatusG84
| | | |--E. perkinsi [=Millironia perkinsi]GWB02
| | | `--E. trifasciatus [=*Millironia trifasciata]G84
| | `--Zatypota Foerster 1869GWB02, IR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | | i. s.: ‘Glypta’ albicoxa (see below for synonymy)IR05
| | |--Z. kaurosGWB02
| | |--+--*Z. percontariaIR05, GWB02 (see below for synonymy)
| | | `--Z. bohemaniGWB02
| | `--+--Z. petronaeGWB02
| | `--Z. riveraiGWB02
| `--+--‘Polysphincta’ gutfreundiGWB02
| `--+--+--Flacopimpla varelaeGWB02
| | `--+--‘Polysphincta’ purcelliGWB02
| | `--+--‘Polysphincta’ shabuiGWB02
| | `--+--Ticapimpla vilmaeGWB02
| | `--+--HymenoepimecisGWB02
| | | |--H. argyraphagaGE05
| | | `--H. bicolorGWB02
| | `--AcrotaphusGWB02
| | |--A. tibialisGWB02
| | `--A. wiltiiGWB02
| `--+--‘Polysphincta’ koebeleiGWB02
| `--+--+--Pterinopus scambusGWB02
| | `--ErugaGWB02
| | |--E. rufaGWB02
| | `--E. yehiGWB02
| `--Acrodactyla Haliday 1838GWB02, IR05 (see below for synonymy)
| |--+--*A. degener (Haliday 1837)IR05, GWB02, IR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--A. madidaGWB02
| `--+--A. micansGWB02
| `--A. quadrisculptaGWB02 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--Ephialtes groupGWB02
| |--Acropimpla Townes 1960GWB02, G84 [incl. Selenaspis Roman 1910 non Bleeker 1858G84]
| | |--*A. leucostoma (Cameron 1907)G84, IR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--A. alborictaGWB02
| | |--‘Hemipimpla’ alboscutellaris [=*Selenaspis alboscutellaris]G84
| | |--A. bifida Gupta & Tikar 1976IR05
| | |--A. didymaGWB02
| | `--A. leucostigmaGWB02
| `--+--ScambusGWB02
| | | i. s.: S. buolianaeGWB02
| | | S. longicorpusSB02
| | |--S. brevicornisGWB02
| | `--+--S. annulatusGWB02
| | |--S. nigricans [=Atelophadnus nigricans]GWB02
| | `--+--S. arizonensis [=Lissoscambus arizonensis]GWB02
| | `--S. hirticauda [=Erythroscambus hirticauda]GWB02
| |--+--EndromopodaGWB02
| | | |--E. arundinatorGWB02
| | | `--E. detritaGWB02
| | `--Fredegunda dilutaGWB02
| `--+--ExeristesGWB02
| | |--E. comstockiiA71
| | |--E. roboratorGWB02
| | `--E. ruficollis [=*Eremochila ruficollis]GWB02
| `--+--XanthophenaxGWB02
| | |--X. concolor [=*Holcopimpla concolor; incl. H. nigricornis]GWB02
| | `--+--X. alluaudiGWB02
| | `--X. umbricaticulus [=Delaulax umbraticulus]GWB02
| `--+--FlavopimplaGWB02
| | |--F. cicatricosa [=Afrephialtes cicatricosa]GWB02
| | |--F. latiannulata [=Afrephialtes latiannulata]GWB02
| | `--F. nigromaculataIR05
| | |--F. n. nigromaculataIR05
| | `--F. n. mangae Betrem 1932IR05
| `--+--ParaperithousGWB02
| | |--P. chuiGWB02
| | `--P. gnathaulaxGWB02
| `--+--+--Townesia tenuiventrisGWB02
| | `--EphialtesGWB02
| | |--E. macerGWB02
| | `--E. manifestatorA83
| `--+--+--LiotryphonGWB02
| | | |--L. caudatusG84
| | | |--L. crassisetaGWB02
| | | |--L. strobilellaeGWB02
| | | `--L. variatipesGWB02
| | `--DolichomitusGWB02
| | |--D. imperatorGWB02
| | |--D. irritatorGWB02
| | `--D. terebransHK02
| | |--D. t. terebransHK02
| | `--D. t. nubilipennisHK02
| `--+--+--‘Dolichomitus’ annulicornisGWB02
| | `--+--PimplaetusGWB02
| | | |--P. crassigenusGWB02
| | | |--P. malaiseiGWB02
| | | `--P. mucronis Gupta & Tikar 1976IR05
| | `--LeptopimplaGWB02
| | |--L. hansoniGWB02
| | `--L. longiventrisGWB02
| `--+--CalliephialtesGWB02
| | |--C. ferruginousBS23
| | |--C. grapholithaeGWB02
| | `--C. guevaraeGWB02
| `--+--+--Umanella caeruleaGWB02
| | `--Xanthephialtes oculatusGWB02
| `--+--Anastelgis garciaeGWB02
| `--‘Dolichomitus’ billorumGWB02
`--Camptotypus groupGWB02
|--+--Odontopimpla fasciataGWB02
| `--ClydoniumGWB02
| |--C. gallicolaGWB02
| `--C. rectumGWB02
`--ZonopimplaGWB02
Acrodactyla Haliday 1838GWB02, IR05 [=Barypus Haliday 1837 non Laporte 1834IR05; incl. Colpomeria Holmgren 1859IR05, Polemophthorus Schulz 1911IR05, Symphylus Foerster 1871 non Dallas 1851IR05]
*Acrodactyla degener (Haliday 1837)IR05, GWB02, IR05 [=Pimpla (Acrodactyla) degenerG84, *Barypus degenerIR05; incl. *Symphylus hadrodactylus Foerster 1871IR05, *Polemophthorus hadrodatylusIR05]
Acrodactyla quadrisculptaGWB02 [=Ichneumon quadrisculptaIR05, Colpomeria quadrisculptaGWB02; incl. *C. laevigata Holmgren 1859IR05]
*Acropimpla leucostoma (Cameron 1907)G84, IR05 [=Charitopimpla leucostomaIR05, Exeristes leucostomaIR05; incl. Ex. pulchella Morley 1913IR05, Epiurus taiwanensis Uchida 1928IR05]
‘Glypta’ albicoxa [incl. Polysphincta eximia, *Polysphinctopsis eximia]IR05
Sericopimpla sagrae (Vollenhoven 1879)IR05 [=Pimpla sagraeIR05, Charitopimpla (Philopsyche) sagraeIR05; incl. *Philopsyche albobalteata Cameron 1905G84]
Zatypota Foerster 1869GWB02, IR05 [incl. Lycorinopsis Haupt 1954G84, Polysphinctopsis Habermehl 1917G84]
*Zatypota percontariaIR05, GWB02 [=Ichneumon percontariusIR05; incl. *Lycorinopsis rhombiferIR05]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A83] Adolph, E. 1883. Zur Morphologie der Hymenopterenflügel. Zugleich ein Beitrag zu den Fragen der Speciesbildung und des Atavismus. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher [Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum] 46 (2): 41–132, pls 1–6.
[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.
[B37] Balduf, W. V. 1937. Bionomic notes on the common bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., (Lepid., Psychidae) and its insect enemies (Hym., Lepid.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (7): 169–184.
[BS23] Blaimer, B. B., B. F. Santos, A. Cruaud, M. W. Gates, R. R. Kula, I. Mikó, J.-Y. Rasplus, D. R. Smith, E. J. Talamas, S. G. Brady & M. L. Buffington. 2023. Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera. Nature Communications 14: 1212.
[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).
[GWB02] Gauld, I. D., D. B. Wahl & G. R. Broad. 2002. The suprageneric groups of the Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): a cladistic re-evaluation and evolutionary biological study. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 421–485.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[HK02] Hulme, M. A., & M. Kenis. 2002. Pissodes strobi (Peck), white pine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In: P. G. Mason, & J. T. Huber (eds) Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981–2000 pp. 221–228. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[IR05] Idris, A. B., & A. Rizki. 2005. Notes on the tribe Ephialtini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) of Malaysia. Serangga 10 (1–2): 111–126.
[SB02] Sweeney, J. D., E. G. Brockerhoff, M. Kenis & J. J. Turgeon. 2002. Strobilomyia neanthracina Michelsen and S. appalachensis Michelsen, spruce cone maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). In: P. G. Mason, & J. T. Huber (eds) Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981–2000 pp. 253–258. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).