Epistomininae

Epistomina caracolla, from Roemer (1841).

Belongs within: Robertinida.

The Epistomininae are Mesozoic and Cenozoic trochospiral foraminiferans with marginal apertures (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Coiling predominantly sinistral; primary aperture on peripheral margin of chambers; internal partition joined to dorsal lip of aperture.

<==Epistomininae
    |--Epistominita Grigelis 1960LT64
    |    `--*E. sudaviensis Grigelis 1960LT64
    |--Rectoepistominoides Grigelis 1960LT64
    |    `--*R. scientis Grigelis 1960LT64
    |--Pseudoepistominella Kuznetsova in Bykova et al. 1958LT64
    |    `-*P. mirusa Kuznetsova in Bykova et al. 1958LT64
    |--Hoeglundina Brotzen 1948LT64
    |    |--*H. elegans (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Rotalia elegans]LT64
    |    |--H. caracollaBL79
    |    |--H. laticostataBL79
    |    `--H. spinuliferaBL79
    `--Epistomina Terquem 1883 (see below for synonymy)LT64
         |--*E. regularis Terquem 1883 [incl. E. mosquensis Uhlig 1883]LT64
         |--E. chapmani Ten Dam 1948M08, LT64 [=*Hiltermannia chapmaniLT64, Hoeglundina chapmaniLT64]
         |--E. caracollaM08
         |--E. cretosaM08
         |--E. elegansC40
         |--E. favosoidesM08
         |--E. parastelligeraM08
         |--E. pondensisM08
         |--E. spinulifera (Reuss 1863) [=Rotalia spinulifera, *Brotzenia spinulifera]LT64
         |    |--E. s. spinuliferaM08
         |    `--E. s. polypioidesM08
         |--E. supracretaceaM08
         |--E. tenuicostata Bartenstein & Brand 1951 [=*Voorthuysenia tenuicostata]LT64
         `--E. terquemi (Antonova 1958) [=*Sublamarckella terquemi]LT64

Epistomina Terquem 1883 [incl. Brotzenia Hofker 1954, Hiltermannia Hofker 1954, Sublamarckella Antonova 1958, Voorthuysenia Hofker 1954]LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Aragonitic-walled benthic foraminifera (Epistomina) in the Cretaceous ‘mudbelt’ off southern Africa, and postmortem cross-shelf transport of tests. African Natural History 4: 17–24.

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