Belongs within: Passerida.
Contains: Carduelinae, Euphonia.
The Fringillidae, finches, are a family of mostly granivorous birds found in Eurasia, Africa and the Americas. Though often brownish or greenish in their base coloration, many fringillid finches are colorfully marked. Some tropical fringillids, the Neotropical genera Euphonia and Chlorophonia, and the Hawaiian honeycreepers of the Drepanidini, include particularly colorful species that have become frugivorous or nectarivorous rather than granivorous. Chlorophonia is a genus of mostly green birds with yellow underparts (Hilty 2011).
The chaffinches of the genus Fringilla, found in Eurasia and northern Africa, differ from the cardueline finches in their relatively short upper bills and lack of a crop; they also feed nestlings on insects rather than seeds. The brambling F. montifringilla is a northerly breeding species with a white rump and belly in both sexes, and a dark head and upperparts in the male. Males of the common chaffinch F. coelebs possess a blue-grey cap and reddish underparts.
<==Fringillidae [Fringilladae]
| i. s.: Coturniculus peruanusSS66
| Zamelodia ludovicianaS18
| Astragalinus psaltriaS18
| |--A. p. psaltriaS18
| `--A. p. croceusS18
|--+--CarduelinaeBKB15
| `--EuphoniinaeZP-J12
| |--EuphoniaBKB15
| `--Chlorophonia Bonaparte 1851ZP-J12, H11
| |--C. callophrys (Cabanis 1861) [=Triglyphidia callophrys]H11
| |--C. cyanea (Thunberg 1822) [=Pipra cyanea]H11
| | |--C. c. cyaneaH11
| | |--C. c. frontalis (Sclater 1851)H11
| | |--C. c. intensa Zimmer 1943H11
| | |--C. c. longipennis (du Bus de Gisignies 1855)H11
| | |--C. c. minuscula Hellmayr 1922H11
| | |--C. c. psittacina Bangs 1902H11
| | `--C. c. roraimae Salvin & Godman 1884H11
| |--C. flavirostris Sclater 1861 [incl. C. flavirostris boehmi, C. flavirostris minima]H11
| |--C. occipitalis (du Bus de Gisignies 1847) [=Euphonia occipitalis]H11
| `--C. pyrrhophrys (Sclater 1851) [=Euphonia pyrrhophrys]H11
`--Fringilla Linnaeus 1758BKB15, CC10 [Fringillinae, Fringillini]
| i. s.: F. africanaL49
| F. amandava Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. angolensis Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. brasiliana Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. butyracea Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. chinensis Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. cyaneaG42
| F. hudsoniaJ23
| F. leuconotaE42
| F. lulensis Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. melancholica Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. melba Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. montium [=Linaria montium]F17
| F. pecora [=Emberiza pecora]J23
| F. polatzekiAP21
| F. socialisJ23
| F. sylvatica Linnaeus 1758L58
| F. trochanteria Giebel 1847M02
|--F. montifringilla Linnaeus 1758BKB15, CC10
`--+--*F. coelebs Linnaeus 1758CC10, BKB15, CC10 [=F. caelebs (l. c.)CC10]
| |--F. c. coelebsCC10
| `--F. c. gengleri Kleinschmidt 1909CC10
`--F. teydeaBKB15
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.
[E42] Ewer, W. 1842. List of a collection of birds from India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 10: 91–93.
[F17] Forster, T. 1817. A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to observations on British ornithology. Nichols, Son, and Bentley: London.
[G42] Gulliver, G. 1842. Additional measurements of the blood-corpuscles or red particles of Mammalia and birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 10: 190–196.
[H11] Hilty, S. L. 2011. Family Thraupidae (tanagers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 46–329. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[J23] James, E. 1823. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and ’20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, sec’y of war: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party vol. 1. H. C. Carey & I. Lea: Philadelphia.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[L49] Lucas, H. 1849. Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d’une commission académique. Sciences physiques. Zoologie. II. Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Troisième partie. Insectes (suite). Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.
[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.
[SS66] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866. Catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Uyacali, Eastern Peru, with notes and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 175–201.
[S18] Stone, W. 1918. Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 239–280.
[ZP-J12] Zuccon, D., R. Prŷs-Jones, P. C. Rasmussen & P. G. P. Ericson. 2012. The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62: 581–596.