Gastrophryninae

Belongs within: Microhylidae.

The Gastrophryninae are a clade of frogs found in South America and southern North America (Frost et al. 2006).

Potential synapomorphies (Frost et al. 2006): M. levator arcuum branchialium III split into two crossing bundles; origin of m. suspensoriohyoideus from otic capsule; posterolateral projections of the crista parotica processus otobranchialis; processus muscularis absent; anterolateral base of processus muscularis bearing ventrolateral process; ligamentum mandibulosuprarostrale absent.

<==Gastrophryninae [Gastrophrynae]PW11
    |  i. s.: MelanophrynePW11
    |         Myersiella Carvalho 1954PW11, FG06
    |           `--M. micropsFG06
    |         Relictivomer Carvalho 1954PW11, FG06
    |         Altigius Wild 1995PW11, FG06
    |--+--Adelastes Zweifgel 1986FG06
    |  `--+--+--Syncope Walker 1973FG06
    |     |  `--Arcovomer Carvalho 1954FG06
    |     `--Chiasmocleis Méhely 1904PW11, FG06
    |          |--C. hudsoniPW11
    |          |--C. shudikarensisPW11
    |          `--C. ventrimaculataFB17
    `--+--+--Nelsonophryne Frost 1987PW11, FG06
       |  |    `--N. aequatorialisPW11
       |  `--Ctenophryne Mocquard 1904PW11, FG06
       |       `--C. geayiFB17
       `--+--Dasypops Miranda-Ribeiro 1924PW11, FG06
          |    `--D. schirchiPW11
          `--+--+--Stereocyclops Cope 1870FG06
             |  |    `--S. incrassatusFB17
             |  `--+--Hyophryne Carvolho 1954FG06
             |     `--Hamptophryne Carvalho 1954PW11, FG06
             |          `--H. bolivianaPW11
             `--+--Dermatonotus Méhely 1904PW11, FG06
                |    `--D. muelleriPW11
                `--+--Elachistocleis Parker 1927PW11, FG06
                   |    |--E. bicolorFG06
                   |    `--E. ovalisPW11
                   `--+--Hypopachus Keferstein 1867PW11, FG06
                      |    |--H. championi Stuart 1940BS61
                      |    |--H. cuneusM45
                      |    `--H. variolosusPW11
                      `--Gastrophryne Fitzinger 1843PW11, FG06
                           |--G. elegansPW11
                           `--+--G. carolinensis (Holbrook 1836)PW11, RR00
                              `--G. olivaceaPW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BS61] Baylor, E. R., & L. C. Stuart. 1961. A new race of Bufo valliceps from Guatemala. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 195–202.

[FB17] Feng, Y.-J., D. C. Blackburn, D. Liang, D. M. Hillis, D. B. Wake, D. C. Cannatella & P. Zhang. 2017. Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 114 (29): E5864–E5870.

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[M45] Mulaik, S. 1945. New mites in the family Caeculidae. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35 (17): 1–23.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

[RR00] Roček, Z., & J.-C. Rage 2000. Tertiary Anura of Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and Australia. In: Heatwole, H., & R. L. Carroll (eds) Amphibian Biology vol. 4. Palaeontology. The evolutionary history of amphibians pp. 1332–1387. Surrey Beatty & Sons.