Glaucidium

Belongs within: Strigidae.

Glaucidium, pygmy owls, is a widespread genus of small owls with relatively small external ear openings and small, round nostrils near the middle of the cere.

<==Glaucidium Boie 1826 [Glaucidiinae]M02
    |--G. cuculoidesBKB15
    |    |--G. c. cuculoidesVP89
    |    |--G. c. austerumA72
    |    |--G. c. brugeliA72
    |    |--G. c. deignaniA72
    |    |--G. c. delacouriA72
    |    |--G. c. fulvescensA72
    |    |--G. c. rufescensA72
    |    `--G. c. whiteleyiVP89
    `--+--+--G. tephronotum Sharpe 1875BKB15, M-PG70
       |  |    |--G. t. tephronotumM-PG70
       |  |    |--G. t. kivuense Verheyen 1946M-PG70
       |  |    |--G. t. lukolelae Chapin 1932M-PG70
       |  |    |--G. t. medje Chapin 1932M-PG70
       |  |    `--G. t. pycrafti Bates 1911M-PG70
       |  `--+--G. passerinum (Linnaeus 1758)BKB15, M02 [=Strix passerinaM02, Noctua passerinaF17; incl. N. minimaF17]
       |     |    |--G. p. passerinumRN72
       |     |    `--G. p. orientaleRN72
       |     `--G. perlatum (Vieillot 1817)BKB15, M-PG70 (see below for synonymy)
       `--+--+--G. minutissimumJT12
          |  `--+--G. californicumBKB15
          |     `--G. gnomaBKB15
          `--+--+--G. hardyiBKB15
             |  `--+--G. bolivianumBKB15
             |     `--G. jardiniiBKB15
             `--+--G. nanaBKB15
                `--+--G. griseicepsBKB15
                   `--+--G. peruanumBKB15
                      `--+--G. brasilianumBKB15
                         |    |--G. b. brasilianumRN72
                         |    |--G. b. phaloenoidesRN72
                         |    `--G. b. ridgwayiFS55
                         `--G. tucumanumBKB15

Glaucidium incertae sedis:
  G. albertinumJT12
  G. brodieiJT12
  G. capense (Smith 1834) [=Noctua capensis]M-PG70
  G. castaneum Reichenow 1893M-PG70
  G. castanotumAP21 [=G. radiatum castanonotumA72]
  G. castanopterumJT12
  G. cobanenseAP21
  G. costaricanumJT12
  G. hoskinsiiAP21
  G. mooreorumJT12
  G. nubicolaJT12
  G. palmarumJT12
  G. parkeriJT12
  G. radiatumJT12
    |--G. r. radiatumA72
    `--G. r. malabaricumA72
  G. sancheziJT12
  G. sijuJT12
  G. sjostedti Reichenow 1893M-PG70

Glaucidium perlatum (Vieillot 1817)^{BKB15, M-PG70} [=Strix perlata^M-PG70; incl. G. perlatum kilimense^M-PG70, G. perlatum licua^M-PG70]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A72] Abdulali, H. 1972. A catalogue of the birds in the collection of the Bombay Natural History Society—11. Strigidae and Caprimulgidae. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (1): 102–129.

[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[FS55] Felten, H., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Zur Vogelfauna von El Salvador. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (1–2): 9–19.

[F17] Forster, T. 1817. A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to observations on British ornithology. Nichols, Son, and Bentley: London.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M-PG70] Mackworth-Praed, C. W., & C. H. B. Grant. 1970. African Handbook of Birds ser. 3 vol. 1. Birds of West Central and Western Africa. Longman: London.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[RN72] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds.) 1972. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 2. Blandford Press: London.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.