Hebe

Hebe rakaiensis, copyright Alan Pascoe.

Belongs within: Veronica.

Hebe is a commonly-recognised genus of shrubs and small trees found in Australasia and South America, with the greatest diversity of species in New Zealand. Recent phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Hebe is nested within a paraphyletic genus Veronica, suggesting that it may be better treated as a synonym of the latter.

Within Hebe, members of the Apertae group are many-branched shrubs with medium to large leaves, lateral inflorescences, small bracts and pedicellate flowers. The Subdistichae group are rather closely branched with smallish leaves (Allan 1961).

Hebe or Veronica?
Published 10 November 2008
Veronica pimeleoides flowers, from the Hebe Society.

Hebes* are some of the iconic plants of New Zealand. New Zealand doesn’t have a huge diversity of flora compared to some other parts of the world, but there are some groups of plants that have just gone ballistic, achieving incredible diversity, and New Zealand is home to more than a hundred hebe species. The botanist Armstrong commented in the late 1800s that the group was so diverse that New Zealand’s flora would still be of interest even if the country’s vegetation was solely composed of hebes (Metcalf 2006). Their delicate inflorescences are a common sight in the field and in the garden. This Monday’s subject is a hebe—Veronica pimeleoides subspecies pimeleoides.

*If there’s anyone who hasn’t encountered the word before, “hebe” is pronounced with two long ‘e’s – hee-bee.

Those of my readers who are familiar with hebes may have blinked a little there. Our conception of the place of hebes in the botanical world has changed a little in recent years. Not only has there been the transfer of hebes from the Scrophulariaceae to the Plantaginaceae* (Olmstead et al. 2001), there is the small matter of their generic allocation. During the 1800s and early 1900s, most of those New Zealand (and a few South American) species that would later become recognised as hebes were included in the genus Veronica, a genus originally established for an assortment of temperate Northern Hemisphere taxa. The genus name Hebe (after the Greek goddess of youth, the daughter of Zeus and Hera, wife of Heracles after his apotheosis, and the server of ambrosia at the gods’ table) was originally established in 1789, but didn’t really enter use until the 1920s (Albach et al. 2004). Even after the botanical community recognised the distinctiveness of Hebe, horticulturists still tended for some time to regard the hebes as Veronica (Metcalf 2006). Over time, everyone seems to have adjusted to the new view, and some groups of ‘Hebe’ species were even committed to further segregate genera—Parahebe, Chionohebe and (ha ha) Hebejeebie.

*Olmstead et al. (2001) suggested that the family including Hebe be called Veronicaceae, but the Botanical Code requires the correct name to be Plantaginaceae.

Then along came Albach & Chase (2001), ready to shake things up again. As it turns out, Veronica minus Hebe is a paraphyletic assemblage. While zoologists tend to divide genera in such a situation, botanists are more likely to combine, and Hebe has reverted back to part of Veronica—specifically, Veronica subgenus Pseudoveronica section Hebe (Albach et al. 2004; Garnock-Jones et al. 2007). So far, the re-reallocation of hebe species does not seem to have gained a huge acceptance among the general public, so this is currently a work in progress.

Another view of Veronica pimeleoides (this silver-leaved variety seems to be the most popular in cultivation). Photo from here.

The species Veronica pimeleoides is native to the South Island of New Zealand, being found pretty much along the exact midline of the island from the Inland Kaikouras south to central Otago. There are two recognised subspecies, V. pimeleoides ssp. pimeleoides and ‘Hebe’ pimeleoides ssp. faucicola (Kellow et al. 2003). A form that has been known as Hebe pimeleoides var. glauca-caerulea is only known from cultivation and has never been confirmed in the wild state since its original collection, so is currently regarded as of uncertain status. The two recognised subspecies are mainly distinguished by their growth form and habitat. V. p. ssp. pimeleoides, which is found over most of the species’ range, is a low, creeping shrub found near lakes and rivers (Kellow et al, 2003, describe it as growing to 30 cm in height, but Metcalf, 2006, describes it as rarely more than 5 cm tall). V. p. ssp. faucicola is found on rock faces in the southernmost part of the range in central Otago, and is a much taller plant growing up to 70 cm in height. Subspecies faucicola also tends to have lighter flowers than subspecies pimeleoides—the former has flowers that are mauve to pink, while the latter is blue to mauve. The chemical signature of the two subspecies is, as far as is known, indistinguishable, sucggesting that the two have only recently differentiated from each other (Kellow et al. 2003).

Systematics of Hebe

Characters (from Allan 1961): Evergreen shrubs or small trees with leaves opposite, usually entire though often toothed in seedling, rarely showing veins other than midrib. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, inflorescences sometimes compound. Calyx usually deeply and almost equally four-lobed, fifth lobe when present usually smaller. Corolla short- or long-tubed, with four subequal spreading lobes. Stamens 2, anthers held above tube. Style long, stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by sagittal splitting of septem and each carpel opening by distal median suture through septal wall and in varying degrees also through locule wall; septum usually across widest diameter and capsule more or less dorsally compressed; seeds usually flattened and smooth.

<==Hebe Jussieu 1789BG-J01
    |--H. × affinis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |--H. × angustisala Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. angustifolia × H. salicifolia]CA26
    |--H. × balfouriana (Hooker) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica balfouriana Hooker 1897; H. pimeleoides × H. vernicosa]A61
    |--H. × carsei (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica carsei Petrie 1924; H. stricta × H. venustula]A61
    |--H. × dartonii (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica dartoni Petrie 1924; H. pimeleoides × H. salicifolia]A61
    |--‘Veronica’ × edinensis Lindsay 1910 [Hebe hectori × H. pimeleoides]A61
    |--H. × erecta (Kirk) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica erecta Kirk 1896; H. pimeleoides × H. salicifolia]A61
    |--H. × kirkii (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |--H. × laevastoni Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. astoni × H. laevis]CA26
    |--H. × laevisala Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. laevis × H. salicifolia]CA26
    |--H. macrantha (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica macrantha Hooker 1864A61, Parahebe macranthaBG-J01]
    |    |--H. m. var. macranthaA61 [=H. m. var. vera Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26]
    |    `--H. m. var. brachyphylla (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica macrantha var. brachyphylla Cheeseman 1906]A61
    |--H. × macrosala Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. macrocarpa × H. salicifolia]CA26
    |--‘Veronica × myrtifolia’ Lindsay 1910 non Banks & Solander ex Bentham in DC. 1846 [Hebe balfouriana × H. salicifolia]A61
    |--Apertae groupA61
    |    |--H. elliptica (Forster) Pennell 1921 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |    |--H. e. var. ellipticaA61
    |    |    |--H. e. var. crassifolia Cockayne & Allan 1926A61
    |    |    `--‘Veronica’ e. var. decussataC55 [=V. decussata Sol. in Ait. 1789A61]
    |    |--H. × amabilis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. × andersonii (Lindl. & Paxt.) Cockayne 1929 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. × blanda (Cheeseman) Pennell 1921 [=Veronica amabilis var. blanda Cheeseman 1906, H. elliptica × H. salicifolia]A61
    |    |--H. corriganii Carse 1930A61
    |    |--H. × divergens (Cheeseman) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica divergens Cheeseman 1906; H. elliptica × H. gracillima]A61
    |    |--H. × ellipsala Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. elliptica × H. salicifolia]CA26
    |    |--H. × franciscanaH93 [=Veronica × franciscana Eastwood 1943A61, V. lobelioides (n. n.)A61; H. elliptica × H. speciosaA61]
    |    |--H. gracillima (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. salicifolia (Forster) Pennell 1921A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. speciosa (Cunningham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    `--H. townsonii (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |--Buxifoliatae groupA61
    |    |--H. masoniaeBK04 [=H. pauciramosa var. masonae Moore in Allan 1961A61]
    |    |--H. odora (Hooker) Cockayne 1929A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. pauciflora Simpson & Thomson 1943A61
    |    `--H. pauciramosa (Cockayne & Allan) Moore in Allan 1961 [=H. buxifolia var. pauciramosa Cockayne & Allan 1926]A61
    |--Connatae groupA61
    |    |--H. benthamii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. epacridea (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica epacridea Hooker 1864]A61
    |    |--H. haastii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica haastii Hooker 1864]A61
    |    |    |--H. h. var. haastiiA61
    |    |    |--H. h. var. humilis (Simpson) Moore in Allan 1961 [=H. macrocalyx var. humilis Simpson 1952]A61
    |    |    `--H. h. var. macrocalyx (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. petriei (Buchan.) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Mitrasacme petriei Buchan. 1882, Veronica petriei (Buchan.) Kirk 1896]A61
    |    |    |--H. p. var. petrieiA61
    |    |    `--H. p. var. murrellii (Simpson & Thomson) Moore in Allan 1961 [=H. murrellii Simpson & Thomson 1943]A61
    |    `--H. ramosissima Simpson & Thomson 1943A61
    |--Flagriformes groupA61
    |    |--H. annulata (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. armstrongii (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica armstrongii Johnson ex Armstrong 1879]A61
    |    |--H. coarctata (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica coarctata Cheeseman 1906]A61
    |    |--H. hectori (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica hectori Hooker 1864]A61
    |    |    |--H. h. var. hectoriA61
    |    |    `--H. h. var. demissa (Simpson) Ashwin in Allan 1961 [=H. demissa Simpson 1945]A61
    |    |--H. imbricata Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica imbricata Petrie 1916 non Woerlein 1882]A61
    |    |--H. laingii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica laingii Cockayne 1909]A61
    |    |--H. ochracea Ashwin in Allan 1961A61
    |    |--H. poppelwellii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. propinqua (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. salicornioides (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica salicornioides Hooker 1864]A61
    |    |--H. subsimilis (Colenso) Ashwin in Allan 1961 [=Veronica subsimilis Colenso 1899]A61
    |    |    |--H. s. var. subsimilisA61
    |    |    `--H. s. var. astonii (Petrie) Ashwin in Allan 1961 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    `--H. tetragona (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |--H. ser. Occlusae Heads 1987BG-J01
    |    |--H. (ser. *O.) macrocarpa (Vahl) Cockayne & Allan 1926BG-J01, A61 [=Veronica macrocarpa Vahl 1794A61]
    |    |    |--H. m. var. macrocarpaA61
    |    |    `--H. m. var. latisepala (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. acutiflora Cockayne 1929A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. × adamsii (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne 1929 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. bollonsii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica bollonsii Cockayne 1912]A61
    |    |--H. brevifolia (Cheeseman) de Lange 1997L97 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. breviracemosa (Oliver) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica breviracemosa Oliver 1910]A61
    |    |--H. calcicola Bayly, Garnock-Jones et al. 2001BG-J01
    |    |--H. chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. dieffenbachii (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica dieffenbachii Bentham in DC. 1846]A61
    |    |--H. evenosa (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan 1926BG-J01, A61 [=Veronica evenosa Petrie 1916A61]
    |    |--H. glaucophylla (Cockayne) Cockayne 1929BG-J01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. ligustrifolia (Cunningham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica ligustrifolia Cunningham 1836]A61
    |    |--H. macroura (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--H. m. var. macrouraBK04
    |    |    `--'Veronica’ m. var. dubia Cheeseman 1906BK04
    |    |--H. obtusata (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica obtusata Cheeseman 1916]A61
    |    |--H. parviflora (Vahl) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica parviflora Vahl 1794BK04, A61]
    |    |    |--H. p. var. parvifloraBK04
    |    |    |--H. p. var. angustifolia (Hooker) Moore in Allan 1961 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |    |--H. p. var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |    `--'Veronica’ p. var. phillyreaefolia Hooker 1853BK04
    |    |--H. rakaiensis (Armstrong) Cockayne 1929BG-J01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. × simmonsii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. stricta (Bentham) Moore in Allan 1961A61 [=Veronica stricta Bentham 1846BK04]
    |    |    |--H. s. var. stricta (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |    |--H. s. var. atkinsonii (Cockayne) Moore in Allan 1961A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--H. s. var. egmontiana Moore in Allan 1961A61
    |    |    |--H. s. var. lata Moore in Allan 1961A61
    |    |    `--‘Veronica’ s. var. lindleyana Armstrong 1881 [=Veronica lindleyana Paxt. 1846]A61
    |    |--H. strictissima (Kirk) Moore in Allan 1961A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. subalpina (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926BG-J01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. topiaria Moore in Allan 1961A61
    |    |--H. traversii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. truncatula (Colenso) Moore in Allan 1961 [=Veronica truncatula Colenso 1899]A61
    |    `--H. urvilleana Oliver 1944A61
    |--Paniculatae groupA61
    |    |--H. hulkeana (Muell.) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. lavaudiana (Raoul) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica lavaudiana Raoul 1846]A61
    |    `--H. raoulii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica raoulii Hooker 1864]A61
    |         |--H. r. var. raouliiA61
    |         |--H. r. var. maccaskillii Allan 1940A61
    |         `--H. r. var. pentasepala Moore in Allan 1961A61
    |--Semiflagriformes groupA61
    |    |--H. cheesemanii (Buchanan) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. ciliolata (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
    |    |--H. tetrasticha (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica tetrasticha Hooker 1864]A61
    |    `--H. tumida (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica tumida Kirk 1896BK04]
    |--Subcarnosae groupA61
    |    |--H. albicans (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica albicans Petrie 1917]A61
    |    |--H. allanii Cockayne 1926A61
    |    |--H. amplexicaulis (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |--H. a. var. amplexicaulisA61
    |    |    `--H. a. var. erecta Cockayne & Allan 1926 non Veronica erecta Kirk 1896A61
    |    |--H. buchanani (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. decumbens (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica decumbens Armstrong 1879]A61
    |    |--H. gibbsii (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica gibbsii Kirk 1896]A61
    |    |--H. matthewsii (Cheeseman) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica matthewsii Cheeseman 1906]A61
    |    |--H. pimeleoides (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--H. pinguifolia (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--H. recurva Simpson & Thomson 1940A61
    `--Subdistichae groupA61
         |--H. brachysiphon Summerhayes 1927A61
         |--H. canterburiensis (Armstrong) Moore in Allan 1961A61 (see below for synonymy)
         |--H. cockayniana (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
         |--H. colensoi (Hooker) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica colensoi Hooker 1864]A61
         |    |--H. c. var. colensoiA61
         |    `--H. c. var. hillii (Colenso) Moore in Allan 1961 [=Veronica hillii Colenso 1896]A61
         |--H. diosmifolia (Cunningham) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)
         |--H. divaricata (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
         |--H. insularis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica insularis Cheeseman 1897]A61
         |--H. rigidula (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica rigidula Cheeseman 1906]A61
         |--H. rupicola (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 (see below for synonymy)A61
         |--H. venustula (Colenso) Moore in Allan 1961 (see below for synonymy)A61
         `--H. vernicosa (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 (see below for synonymy)

Hebe incertae sedis:
  H. biggarii Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) [=Veronica biggarii Cockayne 1916]A61
  H. × bishopiana Petrie 1926A61
  H. brockiei Simpson & Thomson 1942 (n. d.)A61
  ‘Veronica’ × carnea Hort. ex Armstrong 1881 non Vitm. 1789-1792A61
  H. carnosula (Hooker) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy)A61
  H. × cassinioides (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 (see below for synonymy)A61
  H. corymbosa Simpson 1952BK04
  H. darwiniana (Colenso) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) [=Veronica darwiniana Colenso 1893]A61
  H. dilatata Simpson & Thomson 1943 (n. d.)A61
  ‘Veronica’ lawtonii Lawton 1926A61
  H. leiophylla (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica leiophylla Cheeseman 1906]A61
  H. × leiosala Cockayne & Allan 1926 [H. leiophylla × H. salicifolia]CA26
  ‘Veronica’ × loganioides Armstrong 1879A61
  H. longiracemosa (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy)A61
  H. myrtifolia (Bentham) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy)A61
  H. paludosa (Cockayne) Norton & de Lange 1998 (see below for synonymy)NL98
  ‘Veronica’ reidii Hort. ex Kavka in Mollers 1933 (n. d.)A61
  H. × rotundata (Kirk) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica rotundata Kirk 1896]A61
  H. stenophyllaBG-J01 [=Veronica stenophyllaC06]
  H. subulata Simpson 1952 (n. d.)A61
  H. treadwellii Cockayne & Allan 1926 (n. d.)A61

Hebe acutiflora Cockayne 1929A61 [=Veronica acutiflora Bentham in DC. 1846 non Lapeyr. ex Roem. & Schult. 1817A61, V. ligustrifolia var. acutifloraC06]

Hebe × adamsii (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica adamsii Cheeseman 1925; H. ligustrifolia × H. macrocarpa var. brevifolia]A61

Hebe × affinis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica macrocarpa var. affinis Cheeseman 1906, H. macrocarpa × V. salicifolia]A61

Hebe × amabilis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica amabilis Cheeseman 1906; H. elliptica × H. salicifolia; incl. V. salicifolia var. gracilis Kirk 1899]A61

Hebe amplexicaulis (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica amplexicaulis Armstrong 1879A61; incl. H. amplexicaulis var. suberecta Cockayne & Allan 1926 non V. lyallii var. suberecta Cheeseman 1906A61, V. amplexicaulis var. vera Cockayne & Allan 1925CA26]

Hebe × andersonii (Lindl. & Paxt.) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica andersonii Lindl. & Paxt. 1863; H. salicifolia × H. speciosa]A61

Hebe annulata (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica armstrongii var. annulata Petrie 1913, V. annulata (Petrie) Cockayne ex Cheeseman 1925]A61

Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica barkeri Cockayne 1899; incl. V. gigantea Cockayne 1902, Hebe gigantea (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926, V. salicifolia var. gigantea (Cockayne) Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe benthamii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica benthami Hooker 1844; incl. V. finaustrina Homb. & Jacq. 1853]A61

Hebe brevifolia (Cheeseman) de Lange 1997L97 [=Veronica speciosa var. brevifolia Cheeseman 1906L97, Hebe macrocarpa var. brevifolia (Cheeseman) Moore 1961L97, H. speciosa var. brevifolia (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26; incl. H. brevifolia var. prostrata (n. n.) non Hebe buxifolia var. prostrata (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1927L97]

Hebe buchanani (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica buchananii Hooker 1864BK04; incl. V. buchananii var. exigua Cheeseman 1906A61, Hebe buchanani var. exigua (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26, V. buchanani var. major Cheeseman 1906A61]

Hebe canterburiensis (Armstrong) Moore in Allan 1961A61 [=Veronica canterburiense Armstrong 1879A61, H. vernicosa var. canterburiensis (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. canterburiensisCA26]

Hebe carnosula (Hooker) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) [=Veronica laevis var. carnosula Hooker 1854, V. carnosula Hooker 1864 non Lam. 1791]A61

Hebe × cassinioides (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 [=Veronica cassinioides Matthews ex Petrie 1915; H. lycopodioides × H. odora]A61

Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica chathamica Buchanan 1875; incl. V. coxiana Kirk 1896, Hebe coxiana (Kirk) Cockayne 1929, V. chathamica var. coxiana (Kirk) Cheeseman 1925]A61

Hebe cheesemanii (Buchanan) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Mitrasacme cheesemanii Buchanan 1882; incl. Veronica quadrifaria Kirk 1896]A61

Hebe ciliolata (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Logania ciliolata Hooker 1867; incl. Veronica gilliesiana Kirk 1896, Mitrasacme hookeri Buchan. 1882]A61

Hebe cockayniana (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica cockayniana Cheeseman 1906; incl. V. willcoxii Petrie 1913, Hebe willcoxii (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan 1926]A61

Hebe diosmifolia (Cunninngham) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica diosmifolia Cunningham 1836BK04, V. diosmaefoliaA61; incl. V. jasminoides Hort. ex Bean 1933A61, V. trisepala Colenso 1883A61, V. diosmaefolia var. trisepala (Colenso) Kirk 1896A61, Hebe diosmifolia var. vernalis Carse 1929A61]

Hebe divaricata (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica menziesii var. divaricata Cheeseman 1906; incl. H. subfulvida Simpson & Thomson 1943]A61

Hebe elliptica (Forster) Pennell 1921 [=Veronica elliptica Forster 1786; incl. *H. magellanica Gmel. 1791, V. marginata Colenso 1896]A61

Hebe glaucophylla (Cockayne) Cockayne 1929BG-J01, A61 [=Veronica glaucophylla Cockayne 1899A61; incl. V. colensoi var. glaucaCA26, V. traversii var. fallax Cheeseman 1906A61]

Hebe gracillima (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica ligustrifolia var. gracillima Kirk 1896, V. gracillima (Kirk) Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe haastii var. macrocalyx (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica macrocalyx Armstrong 1881, V. haastii var. macrocalyx (Armstrong) Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe hulkeana (Muell.) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica hulkeana Muell. 1863A61; incl. V. fairfieldii Hooker 1893A61, V. hulkeana var. fairfieldii Kirk 1896A61, V. hulkeana var. oblonga Kirk 1896A61, Hebe hulkeana var. oblonga (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26]

Hebe × kirkii (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica kirkii Armstrong 1879, V. salicifolia var. kirkii (Armstrong) Cheeseman 1906; H. rakaiensis × H. salicifolia]A61

Hebe longiracemosa (Petrie) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) non H. salicifolia var. longiracemosa (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica longiracemosa Petrie 1917 non Colenso 1888]A61

Hebe macrocarpa var. latisepala (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica latisepala Kirk 1896, V. macrocarpa var. latisepala (Kirk) Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe macroura (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica macroura Hooker ex Bentham in DC. 1846BK04, A61, H. stricta var. macroura (Bentham) Moore in Allan 1961A61; incl. Veronica cookiana Colenso 1888A61, H. cookiana (Colenso) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. macroura var. cookianaC06]

Hebe myrtifolia (Bentham) Cockayne 1929 (n. d.) [=Veronica myrtifolia Banks & Solander ex Bentham in DC. 1846, V. macrocarpa var. myrtifolia Hooker 1854]A61

Hebe odora (Hooker) Cockayne 1929A61 [=Veronica odora Hooker 1844A61, H. buxifolia var. odora (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. buxifolia var. odora Kirk 1896CA26, V. elliptica var. odoraC06; incl. V. anomala Armstrong 1872A61, Hebe anomala (Armstrong) Cockayne 1929A61, V. buxifolia Bentham in DC. 1846A61, H. buxifolia (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. haustrata Armstrong 1879A61, V. buxifolia var. patens Cheeseman 1906BK04, V. buxifolia var. prostrata Cockayne 1909 (n. n.)A61, Hebe buxifolia var. prostrata (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26]

Hebe paludosa (Cockayne) Norton & de Lange 1998 [=Veronica salicifolia var. paludosa Cockayne 1916, H. salicifolia var. paludosa (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926]NL98

Hebe parviflora var. angustifolia (Hooker) Moore in Allan 1961 [=Veronica parviflora var. angustifolia Hooker 1872, Veronica angustifolia Richard 1832 non Fisch. & Link 1821, Hebe angustifolia (Richard) Cockayne & Allan 1926; incl. Veronica angustifolia var. abbreviata Petrie 1921, V. parviflora var. obtusa Kirk 1896, V. squalida Kirk 1896]A61

Hebe parviflora var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896 [=V. arborea Buchanan 1874, Veronica parviflora var. arborea (Buchanan) Kirk 1896; incl. V. floribunda ms]A61

Hebe pimeleoides (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica pimeleoides Hooker 1854A61; incl. V. glauca-caerulea Armstrong 1879A61, Hebe glauca-caerulea Cockayne 1929A61, H. pimeleoides var. glauco-caerulea (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, Veronica pimeleoides var. glauco-caeruleaC06, V. pimeleoides var. minor Hooker 1867 non V. cararractae var. minor Hooker 1854A61, H. pimeleoides var. minor (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, H. pimeleoides var. rupestris Cockayne & Allan 1926A61]

Hebe pinguifolia (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica pinguifolia Hooker 1864BK04; incl. V. godefroyana Carr. 1888A61, Hebe godefroyana (Carr.) Cockayne 1929A61]

Hebe poppelwellii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica poppelwellii Cockayne 1916; incl. V. hectori var. gracilior Petrie ex Poppelwell 1915 (n. n.)]A61

Hebe propinqua (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica propinqua Cheeseman 1906; incl. V. propinqua var. major Cockayne ex Cheeseman 1925 non V. buchanani var. major Cheeseman 1906, Hebe propinqua var. major (Cockayne ex Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926]A61

Hebe rakaiensis (Armstrong) Cockayne 1929BG-J01, A61 [=Veronica rakaiensis Armstrong 1881A61; incl. H. scott-thomsonii Allan 1939A61]

Hebe rupicola (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica rupicola Cheeseman 1906; incl. H. lapidosa Simpson & Thomson 1940]A61

Hebe salicifolia (Forster) Pennell 1921A61 [=Veronica salicifolia Forster 1786BK04; incl. V. salicifolia var. communis Cockayne 1916A61, H. salicifolia var. communis (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. fonkiiCA26, H. fonkiiCA26]

Hebe × simmonsii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica simmonsii Cockayne 1916; H. parvifolia var. angustifolia × H. stricta var. atkinsonii]A61

Hebe speciosa (Cunningham) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica speciosa Cunningham 1836; incl. V. hendersonii Hort. ex Vilmorin 1895, V. imperialis Hort. ex Vilmorin 1895, Hebe imperialis (Bouch.) Cockayne 1929, V. speciosa var. imperialis, V. kermesina Loud. 1895]A61

Hebe stricta var. atkinsonii (Cockayne) Moore in Allan 1961A61 [=Veronica salicifolia var. atkinsonii Cockayne 1916A61, H. salicifolia var. atkinsonii (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61; incl. Veronica salicifolia var. angustissima Cockayne 1918A61, Hebe salicifolia var. angustissima (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26]

Hebe stricta (Bentham) Moore in Allan 1961 var. stricta [=H. salicifolia var. stricta (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1926, Veronica salicifolia var. stricta (Bentham) Hooker 1853; incl. V. salicifolia var. longiracemosa Cockayne 1917 non V. longiracemosa Petrie 1917, Hebe salicifolia var. longiracemosa (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926, V. parkinsoniana Colenso 1889, Hebe parkinsoniana (Colenso) Cockayne 1929]A61

Hebe strictissima (Kirk) Moore in Allan 1961A61 [=Veronica parviflora var. strictissima Kirk 1896A61, Hebe leiophylla var. strictissima (Kirk) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26, V. leiophylla var. strictissima (Kirk) Cockayne 1920A61]

Hebe subalpina (Cockayne) Cockayne & Allan 1926BG-J01, A61 [=Veronica subalpina Cockayne 1889A61; incl. H. fruticeti Simpson & Thomson 1946BG-J01, A61, V. montana Armstrong 1879 non Linnaeus 1755A61, Hebe montana (Armstrong) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61, V. monticola Armstrong 1881 non Trautv. 1866A61, V. colensoi var. viridisCA26]

Hebe subsimilis var. astonii (Petrie) Ashwin in Allan 1961 [=Veronica astonii Petrie 1908, H. astonii (Petrie) Cockayne & Allan 1926]A61

Hebe tetragona (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica tetragona Hooker 1843; incl. Podocarpus dieffenbachii Hook. 1843]A61

Hebe townsonii (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica townsonii Cheeseman 1913; incl. V. macrocarpa var. crassifolia Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe traversii (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926 [=Veronica traversii Hooker 1864; incl. V. traversii var. elegans Cheeseman 1906]A61

Hebe venustula (Colenso) Moore in Allan 1961 [=Veronica venustula Colenso 1895; incl. V. azurea Colenso 1899 non Link 1821, V. azunea, V. laevis Bentham in DC. 1846 non Lam. 1778, Hebe laevis (Bentham) Cockayne & Allan 1927]A61

Hebe vernicosa (Hooker) Cockayne & Allan 1926A61 [=Veronica vernicosa Hooker 1864A61; incl. V. vernicosa var. gracilis Cheeseman 1906 non V. salicifolia var. gracilis Kirk 1899A61, Hebe vernicosa var. gracilis (Cheeseman) Cockayne & Allan 1926CA26, V. greyi Armstrong 1879A61, V. vernicosa var. multiflora Cheeseman 1906A61]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

Albach, D. C., & M. W. Chase. 2001. Paraphyly of Veronica (Veroniceae; Scrophulariaceae): evidence from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Journal of Plant Research 114 (1): 9–18.

Albach, D. C., M. M. Martínez-Ortega, M. A. Fischer & M. W. Chase. 2004. A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae—problems and a possible solution. Taxon 53 (2): 429–452.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BG-J01] Bayly, M. J., P. J. Garnock-Jones, K. A. Mitchell, K. R. Markham & P. J. Brownsey. 2001. Description and flavonoid chemistry of Hebe calcicola (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from north-west Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39: 55–67.

[BK04] Bayly, M. J., & A. V. Kellow. 2004. Lectotypification of names of New Zealand members of Veronica and Hebe (Plantaginaceae). Tuhinga 15: 43–52.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[CA26] Cockayne, L., & H. H. Allan. 1926. The present taxonomic status of the New Zealand species of Hebe. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 11–47.

Garnock-Jones, P., D. Albach & B. G. Briggs. 2007. Botanical names in Southern Hemisphere Veronica (Plantaginaceae): sect. Detzneria, sect. Hebe, and sect. Labiatoides. Taxon 56 (2): 571–582.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

Kellow, A. V., M. J. Bayly, K. A. Mitchell, K. R. Markham & P. J. Garnock-Jones. 2003. Variation in morphology and flavonoid chemistry in Hebe pimeleoides (Scrophulariaceae), including a revised subspecific classification. New Zealand Journal of Botany 41: 233–253.

[L97] Lange, P. J. de. 1997. Hebe brevifolia (Scrophulariaceae)—an ultramafic endemic of the Surville Cliffs, North Cape, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 35: 1–8.

Metcalf, L. 2006. Hebes: A Guide to Species, Hybrids and Allied Genera. Timber Press.

[NL98] Norton, D. A., & P. J. de Lange. 1998. Hebe paludosa (Scrophulariaceae)—a new combination for an endemic wetland Hebe from Westland, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 531–538.

Olmstead, R. G., C. W. de Pamphilis, A. D. Wolfe, N. D. Young, W. J. Elisons & P. A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88(2): 348–361.

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