Helichrysum

Belongs within: Gnaphalieae.

Helichrysum is a genus of everlastings widespread throughout the Old World. Heads have a naked receptacle with involucral bracts mostly scarious or with inner bracks petaloid and radiating (Black & Robertson 1965). Members of the section Xerochlaena are prostrate creepers with herbaceous or very softly woody stems (Allan 1961). The southern Australian Helichrysum ferrugineum is a shrub growing to two metres or more with thin, flat leaves and cylindrical involucres (Black & Robertson 1965).

Characters (Black & Robertson 1965): Involucre from hemispherical to cylindrical, of many unequal bracts in several rows, bracts usually rigid and sometimes with spreading small or conspicuous coloured laminae; flowers either all bisexual, or majority bisexual with comparatively few female ones in usually one outer row; flowers usually shorter than or not longer than involucre; rarely heads clustered without any general involucre. Pappus-bristles simple or barbellate or sometimes plumose towards summit but not plumose from base, usually united in a short ring.

<==Helichrysum Linnaeus 1753A61
    `--H. sect. XerochlaenaA61
         |--H. bellidioides (Forster) Willd. 1800 (see below for synonymy)A61
         |    |--H. b. var. bellidioidesA61
         |    |--H. b. var. gracile Allan 1961A61
         |    `--H. b. var. prostratum (Hooker) Kirk 1899 [=H. prostratum Hooker 1844, Gnaphalium prostratum Hooker 1853]A61
         |--H. filicaule Hooker 1853A61 [=Gnaphalium filicaule Hooker 1864A61; incl. G. parviflorum Col. 1884C06]
         `--H. × purdiei Petrie 1890C06, A61 [H. bellidioides × H. glomeratumA61]

Helichrysum incertae sedis:
  *H. orientaleA61
  H. adenophorumBR65
  H. adnatum [=Ozothamnus adnatus Candolle 1837]BR65
  H. ambiguum Turczaninow 1851 [=Leptorhynchos ambiguus; incl. H. semicalvum von Mueller 1861]BR65
    |--H. a. var. ambiguumBR65
    `--H. a. var. paucisetumBR65
  H. amboenseCV06
  H. angustifoliumB28
  H. anthemoidesM99
  H. apiculatumBR65
    |--H. a. var. apiculatumBR65
    |--H. a. var. occidentaleBR65
    `--H. a. var. racemosumBR65
  H. arenariumBR65
  H. ayersiiBR65
  H. basedowii [incl. Leptorhynchos tetrachaetus var. penicillatus]BR65
  H. baxteriBR65
  H. bilobum Wakefield 1951 [incl. Ozothamnus retusus Sonder & von Mueller 1852 non H. retusum]BR65
    |--H. b. var. bilobumBR65
    `--H. b. var. scabrum (von Mueller) Robertson in Black & Robertson 1965 (see below for synonymy)BR65
  H. blandowskianumBR65
  H. brevidecurrensB96
  H. cassinianum [=Schoenia cassiniana]BR65
  H. catadromum Wakefield 1951 (see below for synonymy)BR65
  H. cinereum [=Ozothamnus cinereus]BR65
  H. condensatumK90
  H. corymbiflorummM99
  H. craspedioidesK90
  H. cunninghamiiB96
  H. cymosumC06
  H. deserticolaCV06
  H. dockeriBR65
  H. erubescensCV06
  H. ferrugineum [=Ozothamnus ferrugineus]BR65
  H. floribundumM99
  H. foetidumC55
  H. × fowerakeri Cockayne 1916 [Ewartia sinclairii × H. bellidioides]A61
  H. frigidumC55
  H. gatesiiBR65
  H. grandiflorumA27
  H. humboltianumK90
  H. hyalospermumK90
  H. lentiiPB27
  H. leucopsidiumBR65
  H. luteoalbumLK14
  H. marlothianumCV06
  H. mellorianumBR65
  H. microglossumM99
  H. moschatumM99
  H. obtusifolium von Mueller & Sonder 1852 (see below for synonymy)BR65
  H. podolepideumBR65
  H. ramosissimumM99
  H. robustumPB27
  H. roseum (Lindley) Druce 1917 [=Lawrencella rosea Lindley 1839; incl. H. lawrencella von Mueller 1866]BR65
    |--H. r. var. roseumBR65
    `--H. r. var. davenportiiBR65
  H. rupestreR-CT01
  H. rupicolaB00
  H. rutidolepisBR65
  H. scorpioidesB00
  H. semifertileBR65
  H. semipapposumBR65
    |--H. s. var. semipapposumB96
    `--H. s. var. brevifolium [incl. H. microlepis]B96
  H. splendidumK90
  H. stoechas (Linnaeus) Moench 1794PL04
    |--H. s. ssp. stoechasPL04
    `--H. s. ssp. barrelieri (Tenore) Nyman 1879PL04
  H. strictumM99
  H. stuhlmanniiPB27
  H. tenellumK90
  H. tephrodes Sweet 1827BR65
  H. tepperiBR65
  H. tesselatumB96

Helichrysum bellidioides (Forster) Willd. 1800 [=Xeranthemum bellidioides Forster 1786, Gnaphalium bellidioides Hooker 1853; incl. H. bellidioides var. erectum Kirk 1899]^A61

Helichrysum bilobum var. scabrum (von Mueller) Robertson in Black & Robertson 1965 [=Ozothamnus scaber von Mueller 1852, H. adnatum var. scabrum, H. decurrens var. scabrum]^BR65

Helichrysum catadromum Wakefield 1951 [incl. Ozothamnus decurrens von Mueller 1857, H. decurrens von Mueller 1873 non Moench 1794]^BR65

Helichrysum obtusifolium von Mueller & Sonder 1852 [incl. Ozothamnus tephrodes Turczaninow 1851 non H. tephrodes Sweet 1827]^BR65

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A27] Allan, H. H. 1927. The vegetation of Mount Peel, Canterbury, New Zealand. Part 2.—The grassland and other herbaceous communities. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 73–89.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[B96] Baker, R. T. 1896. On the botany of Rylstone and the Goulburn River districts. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (3): 427–466.

[B28] Betrem, J. G. 1928. Monographie der Indo-Australischen Scoliiden mit zoogeographischen Betrachtungen. H. Veenman & Zonen: Wageningen.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[K90] Keighery, G. J. 1990. Vegetation and flora of Shark Bay, Western Australia. In: Berry, P. F., S. D. Bradshaw & B. R. Wilson (eds) Research in Shark Bay: Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee pp. 61–87. Western Australian Museum.

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[M99] Matthews, M. 1999. Heliothine Moths of Australia: A guide to bollworms and related noctuid groups. CSIRO Publishing.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[PL04] Pohl, G., & I. Lenski. 2004. Zur Verbreitung und Vergesellschaftung von Pennisetum orientale Rich. in Nordeuböa (Griechenland) (Poaceae, Paniceae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 209–223.

[R-CT01] Ragusa-di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 2001. Phytoseiid faunas of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Sicily. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 522–529. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.