Belongs within: Bivalvia.
Contains: Hippuritacea, Neomiodontidae, Gastrochaenidae, Montacutidae, Lasaeidae, Sportellidae, Thyasira, Lucinidae, Solenoidea, Tellinoidea, Neoheterodontei, Cardiidae, Panopea.
The Heterodonta are one of the major living clades of bivalves, with their earliest representatives appearing in the Ordovician. In the past, the living members of the clade were divided between the orders Veneroida and Myoida (the latter including burrowing forms with thin shells and reduced dentition) but molecular analyses have indicated that the myoidans are polyphyletic (Giribet & Wheeler 2002). Previous authors have also included the clades Carditoida and/or Anomalodesmata within their concept of Heterodonta but recent molecular analyses support their exclusion (Plazzi et al. 2011). The Hippuritoida are a fossil group known from the Silurian to the Cretaceous, primitively with a hinge of a few thick and amorphous teeth, that have been recognised as a third order of heterodonts.
Modern representatives of the Heterodonta include the Hiatellidae, a family of small, quadrate to trapezoidal, burrowing or nestling clams. They have more or less gaping valves and only one or two weak teeth in the hinge. Members of the genus Hiatella have a thin periostracum and hinge teeth best developed as juveniles. The Galeommatoidea are burrowing clams with the shell commonly thin and more or less covered externally by the mantle. A number of species of this group live in association with other invertebrates, either attached to their body surface or within their burrows. The Thyasiridae are a group of thin-shelled clams with a distinct dorsal anterior depression near the hinge. Cyrenoida is a genus of thin-shelled, orbicular clams found in tropical brackish waters.
<==Heterodonta (see below for synonymy)PC11
|--Thyasiridae [Thyasiroidea]TW07
| |--ThyasiraP61
| |--LeptaxinusBRW98
| |--TauraxinusBRW98
| |--Storthodon Giebel 1856TW07
| | `--S. liscaviensis Giebel 1856SB93
| |--Maorithyas Fleming 1950P61
| | |--*M. marama Fleming 1950P61
| | `--M. flemingi Powell 1955P61
| |--Genaxinus Iredale 1930P61
| | |--*G. albigena [=Thyasira albigena]P61
| | |--G. cookianus Fleming 1950P61
| | `--G. otagoensis (Suter 1913)P61 [=Thyasira otagoensisD56]
| |--AxinopsidaCram96
| | |--A. bongrainiN65
| | |--A. magellanicaN65
| | |--A. serricataBRW98
| | `--A. subquadrataL10
| `--AxinulusM00
`--+--LucinaceaPB27
| |--LucinidaeTW07
| `--Cyrenoida de Joannis 1835PB27 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*C. dupontia de Joannis 1835 (see below for synonymy)PB27
| |--C. rhodopyga v. Martens 1891 [=Cyrenoidea rhodopyga]PB27
| |--C. rosea (d’Ailly 1896) [=Cyrenella rosea]PB27
| | |--C. r. roseaPB27
| | `--C. r. brevidentata Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927PB27
| `--C. senegalensis (Deshayes 1854) [=Cyrenella senegalensis]PB27
`--+--SolenoideaPC11
|--TellinoideaPC11
|--NeoheterodonteiPC11
`--CardiidaaPC11
|--CardiidaePC11
`--Hiatellidae [Hiatelloidea, Saxicavidae]PC11
|--PanopeaS98
|--Cyrtodaria siliquaJB12, N79
|--Panomya arcticaBRW98, KBC03
|--SaxicavellaBRW98
`--Hiatella Daudin in Bosc 1801P61 [incl. SaxicavaBRW98]
|--*H. arctica (Linnaeus 1767)P61, GO78 (see below for synonymy)
|--H. antarctica (Philippi 1845)P61 [=Saxicava antarcticaF26]
|--H. australis (Lamarck 1818)P61 [=Saxicava australisF26; incl. H. angasiBRW98]
|--H. gallicana (Lamarck 1818)GO78
|--H. minutaG20
|--‘Saxicava’ norvegicaN79
|--‘Saxicava’ pholadis Middendorff 1851N79 (see below for synonymy)
|--‘Saxicava’ rugosa [incl. S. rugosa var. praecisa]U79
`--H. solida (Sowerby 1834)GO78
Heterodonta incertae sedis:
HippuritoidaJB12
| i. s.: PlagioptychidaeSB93
| |--CoralliochamaJB12
| `--PlagioptychusSB93
| |--P. arnaudi Douvillé 1888SB93
| |--P. paradoxus Matheron 1843SB93
| `--P. toucasianus Matheron 1843SB93
| Antillocaprina [Antillocaprinidae]SB93
| `--A. occidentalis (Whitfield 1897)SB93
| Dictyoptychidae [Trechmannellinae]SB93
| |--Eodictyoptychus arumaensis Skelton & El-Asa’ad 1992SB93
| `--Dictyoptychus morgani (Douvillé 1904)SB93
|--HippuritaceaP98
`--PachyrismaSB93 [Megalodontidae, MegalodontoideaJB12]
`--P. grande Morris & Lycett 1853SB93
NeomiodontidaeG88
RaetomyidaeSB93
|--Amotapus arbolensis (Woods 1922)SB93
`--Raetomya schweinfurthi (Mayer-Eymar 1887)SB93
AnatellidaeSB93
Sowerbya [Sowerbyidae]SB93
`--S. triangularis (Phillips 1848)SB93
Quenstedtia [Quenstedtiidae]SB93
`--Q. laevigata (Phillips 1848)SB93
Unicardiopsis [Unicardiopsidae]SB93
|--U. aceste (d’Orbigny 1850)SB93
`--U. incertum (Phillips 1848)SB93
IcanotiidaeSB93
|--Scittila nasuta Casey 1961SB93
`--IcanotiaSB93
EuloxidaeSB93
|--Euloxa latisulcata (Conrad 1840)SB93
`--Cabralista schmitzi (Böhm 1899)SB93
PollicidaeSB93
|--Pollex obesus Stephenson 1953SB93
`--Neritra polliciformis Stephenson 1954SB93
Pleurodesma [Pleurodesmatidae]SB93
|--P. mayeri Hörnes 1859SB93
`--P. moulinsi (Potiez & Michaud 1844)SB93
TancrediidaeTW07
|--Tancredia truncataS89
`--Sakawanella triadica Ichikawa 1950SB93
GastrochaenidaeTW07
Galeommatoidea [Erycinoidea, Leptonacea, Leptonoidea]TW07
| i. s.: Planktomya hensoniCrag96
|--MontacutidaeTW07
|--LasaeidaeGW02
|--SportellidaeTW07
`--ErycinidaeGW02
|--Parabornia squillina Boss 1965MB66
|--Mylitta deshayesiiM54
|--Erycina (Erycina) pellucida Lamarck 1805SB93
`--Semierycina (Erycinopsis) semipecten (Cossmann 1887)SB93
FistulanaG20
|--F. clavata [=Teredo (Fistulana) clavata]G20
`--F. mumia (Spengler 1783) [=Gastrochaena mumia]H09
Byssomya pholadisG20
CorbisG20
|--C. elegansH09
|--C. fimbriata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Venus fimbriata]H09
|--C. lamellosaR41
`--C. soverbii Reeve 1841R41
Capsa rugosaG20
Isocardia cor [=Chama (Isocardia) cor]G20
Propecuna subovataBRW98
MactromyidaeBRW98
|--Mactromyopsis (Mactromyella) inflata (Thévenin 1909)SB93
`--BathycorbisBRW98
|--B. despectaBRW98
`--B. percostataBRW98
BernadinidaeBRW98
Cyrenoida de Joannis 1835PB27 [=Cyrenella Deshayes 1836PB27, Cyrenodonta Adams & Adams 1858PB27, Cyrenoidea (l. c.)PB27, Cyrenoides (l. c.)PB27; Cyrenoidacea, CyrenoididaeG88]
*Cyrenoida dupontia de Joannis 1835 [=*Cyrenella (*Cyrenoida) dupontiae d’Ailly 1896, Cyrenoides dupontii Woodward 1854]PB27
Heterodonta [Arcticacea, Arcticoidea, Cardioidea, Corbiculacea, Corbiculoidea, Euheterodonta, Gastropempta, Lithophaga, Lucinina, Lucinoidea, Myacea, Myoida, Nymphacea, Teleodesmacea]PC11
*Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus 1767)P61, GO78 [=Mya arcticaP61, Saxicava arcticaF26; incl. M. byssiferaJ64, S. groenlandicaJ64, S. arctica var. uddevallensisJ64]
‘Saxicava’ pholadis Middendorff 1851N79 [incl. S. clavaC64, S. distortaC64, S. gastrochaenoideaC64, S. legumenC64]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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