Belongs within: Hemiptera.
Contains: Heteroptera.
The clade Heteropteroidea unites the true bugs of the Heteroptera with their living sister taxon, the Southern Hemisphere Peloridiidae. The peloridiids are flattened, broad-bodied bugs with widely-separated eyes on short peduncles, paranotal lobes on the pronotum, and forewings with net-like veins. They are found amongst moss and leaf litter in South America and Australasia (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). Peloridiidae are the only living members of the clade Coleorrhyncha, members of which are united by features including two-segmented fore and mid tarsi, and fore wings with enlarged posterior apical cells (Shcherbakov & Popov 2002).
The Heteroptera may be derived from the Scytinopteroidea, planthopper-like bugs known from the late Permian to the early Cretaceous. Scytinopteroidea resemble Heteroptera in their uniformly punctate fore wings with a costal fracture at the apex of the basal cell (Shcherbakov & Popov 2002).
Synapomorphies (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Antennae clavate; gula present on underside of head; thoracic scent glands present in adults; wings overlapping, lying flat against abdomen, with specialised wing-coupling devices; abdomen flattened, with spiracles on ventral surface.
<==Heteropteroidea
|--+--HeteropteraGE05
| `--ScytinopteroideaSP02
| |--SerpentivenaRJ93 [Serpenivenidae, SerpentivenidaeSP02]
| | `--S. tigrina Shcherbakov 1984RJ93
| |--IpsviciaK-P91 [IpsviciidaeSP02]
| | `--I. jonesiK-P91
| |--StenoviciaF71 [StenoviciidaeSP02]
| | `--S. angustata Evans 1943F71
| |--ParaknightiaF71 [ParaknightiidaeSP02]
| | `--P. magnifica Evans 1943F71
| `--Scytinopteridae [Seytinopteridae]SP02
| |--Apheloscyta xiangdongensis Lin 1986RJ93
| |--Scytinoptera sibiricaRJ93
| `--Sunoscytinopteris lushangfenensis Hong 1985RJ93
`--Coleorrhyncha [Peloridiina, Peloridiomorpha, Peloridioptera]GE05
|--Mesoscytina [Cicadocorinae, Progonocimicidae, Progonocimicoidea]SP02
`--PeloridioideaSP02
|--Hoploridium [Hoploridiidae, Hoploridiinae]GE05
| `--H. dollingiSP02
|--Karabasiidae [Karabasiinae]SP02
| |--Karabasia evansiGE05
| `--Tegulicicada plana Lin 1986RJ93
`--PeloridiidaeGE05
|--PeloridoraGE05
|--Howeria kingsmilliK-P91
|--Peloridium hammoniorumCGW91
|--Hackeriella tayloriCGW91, WEE74
|--OiophysellaCGW91
|--Hackeria veitchiWEE70
|--Oiphysa fuscataRD77
|--Hemiowoodwardia Evans 1972WEE74
| `--*H. wilsoni [=Hemiodoecus wilsoni]WEE74
|--HemiodoecusWEE70
| |--H. fidelisS38
| `--H. leaiWEE70
`--HemiodoecellusCGW91
|--H. donnaeWEE70
`--H. fidelisCGW91
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[K-P91] Kukalová-Peck, J. 1991. Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 141–179. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SP02] Shcherbakov, D. E., & Yu. A. Popov. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781: Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. [=Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, =Homoptera Leach, 1815 + Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 143–157. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[S38] Snodgrass, R. E. 1938. The loral plates and the hypopharynx of Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 228–236.
[WEE74] Woodward, T. E., V. F. Eastop & J. W. Evans. 1974. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 52–57. Melbourne University Press.
[WEE70] Woodward, T. E., J. W. Evans & V. F. Eastop. 1970. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 387–457. Melbourne University Press.