Belongs within: Phalangiidae.
Homolophus is a genus of phalangiid harvestmen found in the Palaearctic region, being most diverse in north-east Asia. They are relatively large harvestmen with a characteristic mound of clustered tubercles in front of the eyemound.
Characters (from Kurt 2014): Body relatively large (more than 5 mm long); crown-like mound containing numerous black-tipped tubercles present on cephalothorax anterior to ocularium; coxae I-IV smooth with only sparse setae; chelicerae usually normally structured with blackish brown zebra-like striped pattern, pedipalps short, robust, with femora, patellae and tibiae covered with numerous black-tipped tubercles (males with microtubercles on venter of tarsus); legs short or more commonly long. Penis without lateral incisions or similar structures in apical part of shaft; shaft often flattened dorso-ventrally, particularly in distal part; glans cuneiform, in profile mostly triangular with rounded “lower” corner; stylus relatively long.
<==Homolophus Banks 1893S12 [incl. Euphalangium Roewer 1911TTL00] |--*H. arcticus Banks 1893TTL00 (see below for synonymy) |--H. afghanus (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium afghanum]MDP15 |--H. albofasciatus (Kulczyński 1901)TTL00 (see below for synonymy) |--‘Euphalangium’ altaicum Roewer 1923R23 |--H. bastawadei Staręga 2013 [=Euphalangium martensi Das & Bastawade 2006 non Staręga 1986]S13 |--H. betpakdalensis (Gricenko 1976)TTL00 |--H. chitralensis (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium chitralense]MDP15 |--H. consputus (Simon 1895)S03 |--‘Euphalangium’ coreanumR56 |--H. funestus (Koch 1877)S12 [=Opilio funestusR23] |--H. gobiensis Tsurusaki, Tchemeris & Logunov 2000S12 |--H. hunan Zhu, Song & Kim 1999TTL00 |--H. martensi (Staręga 1986)S03 [=Euphalangium martensiS13] |--H. nakhichevanicus Snegovaya 2012S12 |--H. nepalicus (Roewer 1912) [=Zacheus nepalicus; incl. Opilio aborensis Roewer 1956, Egaenus asiaticus Roewer 1914]S03 |--H. nigridorsus (Caporriacco 1935) [=Opilio nigridorsus]S03 |--H. nordenskioldi (Koch 1879)TTL00 [=Phalangium nordenskioeldiS03, *Euphalangium nordenskioldiTTL00] | |--H. n. nordenskioldiR23 | `--‘Phalangium’ n. kolense (Strand 1906) [=Euphalangium n. kolense]R23 |--H. pallens (Kulczyński 1901) [=Phalangium pallens, Opilio pallens]TTL00 |--‘Phalangium’ personatum Koch 1879 [=Euphalangium personatum]R23 |--H. potanini (Simon 1895)S03 (see below for synonymy) |--H. przewalskii (Staręga 1978)S12 (see below for synonymy) |--H. punctatus Banks 1894R23 |--H. rishiri Tsurusaki 1987T87 |--H. serrulatus (Karsch 1881) (see below for synonymy)S03 |--H. snegovayae Kurt 2015K15 |--H. suzukii (Šilhavý 1972)TTL00 [=Euphalangium suzukiiS03, E. krausi Šilhavý ex Staręga 2003 (n. n.)S03] |--H. thienshanensis (Šilhavý 1967)TTL00 [=Euphalangium thienshanenseS03] |--H. tibetanus (Roewer 1911)TTL00 [=Egaenus tibetanusS03; incl. Opilio insolitus Roewer 1956S03] |--H. trinkleri (Roewer 1956) [=Euphalangium trinkleri]MDP15 |--H. turcicus (Roewer 1959)S12 [=Euphalangium turcicumS03] `--H. vladimirae (Šilhavý 1967)S12 [=Euphalangium vladimiraeS03]
Homolophus albofasciatus (Kulczyński 1901)TTL00 [=Phalangium nordenskioeldi var. albofasciataK01, Euphalangium nordenskioldi var. albofasciatumR23]
*Homolophus arcticus Banks 1893TTL00 [incl. Opilio kurilus Roewer 1956T87, O. nipponensis Roewer 1956S03, O. sachaliensis Suzuki 1941T87, O. sachalinus Roewer 1956T87, O. sunuitensis Nakatsudi 1943S03, E. zichyi Kulczyński in Zichy 1901PS21]
Homolophus potanini (Simon 1895)S03 [=Phalangium potaniniTTL00, Euphalangium potaniniTTL00, Opilio potaniniTTL00; incl. O. almasyi Roewer 1911TTL00, O. asiaticus Gricenko 1979TTL00]
Homolophus przewalskii (Staręga 1978)S12 [=Euphalangium przewalskiiTLT98, Phalangium nordenskioeldi var. pallida Kulczyński 1901 non Müller 1776TLT98, E. nordenskioldi var. pallidaR23, E. pallidumR23]
Homolophus serrulatus (Karsch 1881) [=Phalangium serrulatum, Opilio serrulatus; incl. P. bidentatum Kulczyński 1901, O. bidentatus, O. kishidai Saitô 1936, O. tricolor var. modestus Schenkel 1953, O. quadridentatus Wang 1941, Phalangium tricolor Kulczyński 1901, O. tricolor]S03
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[K01] Kulczyński, V. 1901. Arachnoideák [Arachnoidea]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 311–369. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[K15] Kurt, K. 2015. A new species of the genus Homolophus (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) from Turkey. Entomological News 124 (5): 310–319.
[MDP15] Mitov, P. G., J. A. Dunlop & D. Penney. 2015. A new species of Lacinius in amber (Arachnida: Opiliones). Fossil Record 18: 37–42.
[PS21] Prokopenko, E. V., & M. E. Sergeev. 2021. Harvestmen (Opiliones) of the Sikhote-Alin and the Far Eastern Marine Biosphere Reserves, Russia. Euroasian Entomological Journal 20 (3): 148–153.
[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[R56] Roewer, C. F. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37 (3–4): 247–318.
[S12] Snegovaya, N. Y. 2012. A new harvestman species (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae: Homolophus) from Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan). Fragmenta Faunistica 55 (1): 5–10.
[S03] Staręga, W. 2003. On the identity and synonymies of some Asiatic Opilioninae (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 52 (2): 91–102.
[S13] Staręga, W. 2013. Homolophus bastawadei, a replacement name for the homonym Euphalangium martensi (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Journal of Arachnology 41 (3): 415.
[TLT98] Tchemeris, A. N., D. V. Logunov & N. Tsurusaki. 1998. A contribution to the knowledge of the harvestman fauna of Siberia (Arachnida: Opiliones). Arthropoda Selecta 7 (3): 189–199.
[T87] Tsurusaki, N. 1987. Two species of Homolophus newly found from Hokkaido, Japan (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 35: 97–107.
[TTL00] Tsurusaki, N., A. N. Tchemeris & D. V. Logunov. 2000. Two new species of Opiliones from southern Siberia and Mongolia, with an establishment of a new genus and redefinition of the genus Homolophus (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Acta Arachnologica 49 (1): 73–86.