Belongs within: Ichneumoninae.
Contains: Losgna, Eccoptosage, Aglaojoppa, Apatetorina, Heresiarchesina, Amblyjoppa, Pterocormina, Amblytelina, Ichneumon.
The Ichneumonini are a diverse but poorly defined group of generalised Ichneumoninae mostly parasitic on large Lepidoptera. The clade as recognised below is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Santos et al. 2021). Species are often sexually dimorphic with males and females differing in colour pattern (Gauld 1984).
Exemplars include the Indo-Australian genus Lissosculpta, with distinctive coarsely punctate sculpture anteromedially on the second metasomal tergite and striate sculpture between the deep gastrocoeli, and a transverse margin on the clypeus with a weak median apical tooth (Gauld 1984). Members of the Old World genus Ctenochares have conspicuously pectinate tarsal claws and pale yellow fore wings with a conspicuously infumate apex (Gauld 1984).
<==Ichneumonini (see below for synonymy)NI11
|--+--+--Maraces Cameron 1902SW21, C02
| | | |--M. flavobalteata Cameron 1902 [=M. flavorbalteata, Eradha flavobalteata, M. flavobalteatus]NI11
| | | | |--M. f. flavobalteataG88
| | | | |--M. f. celebensisG88
| | | | |--M. f. fulvipesG88
| | | | `--M. f. luzonensisG88
| | | `--M. pectinata Cameron 1902C02
| | `--+--HoplismeninaG88
| | | |--Hoplismenus morulusSW21
| | | `--Zanthojoppa Cameron 1901C01b
| | | |--*Z. trilineata Cameron 1901C01b
| | | `--Z. ranrunensisG88
| | `--+--TroginaG88
| | | |--TrogusSW21
| | | | |--T. caeruleator [=Ichneumon (Trogus) caeruleator]G20
| | | | `--T. pennatorSW21
| | | |--NeofacydesG88
| | | | |--N. sinensisG88
| | | | `--N. striolatusG88
| | | `--Holcojoppa formosanaG88
| | `--+--Tashtego janzeniSW21
| | `--Macrojoppa bogotensisBS23
| `--+--Ceratojoppa [Ceratojoppini]SW21
| | |--C. cornutaSW21
| | `--C. idoneaSW21
| `--+--Gavrana Cameron 1906BS23, G84 [incl. Rossitera Cheesman 1953G84]
| | |--*G. maculipes Cameron 1906G84
| | |--G. conica Gauld 1984G84
| | |--‘Ichneumon’ ischioleucus [=Levansa ischioleuca]G84
| | |--‘Cryptus’ tiphiipuppis [=*Rossitera tiphiipuppis]G84
| | `--G. spinosa Gauld 1984G84
| `--+--DegithinaSW21
| | |--D. actistaG88
| | |--D. davidiG88
| | |--D. deceptaG88
| | |--D. exhilarataG88
| | |--D. huttoniiG88
| | `--D. sollicitoriaG88
| `--+--AucklandellaSW21
| | |--A. conspirataG88
| | |--A. geiriG88
| | |--A. pyrastisG88
| | |--A. ursulaG88
| | `--A. wellingtoniG88
| `--Levansa decorataSW21, G88 [incl. L. artaxidiaG88]
`--+--TetragonochoraSW21
`--+--+--+--+--+--Limonethe mauratoriSW21
| | | | `--+--NotacmaSW21
| | | | `--+--JoppocryptusSW21
| | | | `--Joppa linearisSW21
| | | `--+--NarthecuraSW21
| | | `--+--+--Trogomorpha trogiformisBS23
| | | | `--OezdemirusSW21
| | | `--+--OrteziaSW21
| | | `--+--LophojoppaSW21
| | | `--+--LobaegisSW21
| | | `--Carinodes albipectusSW21
| | `--+--+--+--Dilopharius otomitusSW21
| | | | `--+--AnisobasSW21
| | | | | |--A. coloradensisSW21
| | | | | |--A. kankoensis (Uchida 1932) [=Amblyteles kankoensis, Validentia kankoensis]NI11
| | | | | | |--A. k. kankoensisG88
| | | | | | `--A. k. pratimontisG88
| | | | | |--A. marosG88
| | | | | `--A. texensisSW21
| | | | `--+--Listrodromus Wesmael 1845SW21, G84 [incl. Sogna Cameron 1907G84]
| | | | | |--*L. nycthemerus [=Ichneumon nycthemerus]G84
| | | | | |--L. berndiG88
| | | | | |--L. crassipesG88 [=*Sogna crassipesG84]
| | | | | `--L. simplexG88
| | | | `--NeotypusSW21
| | | | |--N. amoenusSW21
| | | | |--N. nobilitatorSW21
| | | | `--N. taiwanusG88
| | | `--+--OriphatnusSW21
| | | `--+--+--Magwengiella Heinrich 1938SW21, G84 [Ctenocalini]
| | | | | `--*M. obtusaG84
| | | | `--LegnatiaSW21
| | | `--+--+--Menkokia blandiiSW21
| | | | `--+--Oedicephalus striatusSW21
| | | | `--PoecilojoppaSW21
| | | `--+--+--Syspasis leucolomiaSW21
| | | | `--LymantrichneumonSW21
| | | | |--L. birmanicusG88
| | | | `--L. disparisP93
| | | `--+--Orgichneumon calcatoriusSW21
| | | `--+--Clypeodromus thyridialisSW21
| | | `--+--Ischnojoppa Kriechbaumer 1898SW21, G84 [incl. Bodargus Cameron 1902G84; Ischnojoppini]
| | | | |--I. luteator (Fabricius 1798)NI11 (see below for synonymy)
| | | | `--I. seyrigiSW21
| | | `--AtanyjoppaSW21 [incl. Zonojoppa Cameron 1902C02]
| | | |--A. commisator (Smith 1858) (see below for synonymy)NI11
| | | |--A. rufomaculataG88
| | | `--A. violaceipennis (Cameron 1902)NI11 [=*Zonojoppa violaceipennisC02]
| | `--+--+--+--CoelichneumonSW21
| | | | | |--‘Ichneumon’ comitator Linnaeus 1758G84, L58
| | | | | |--C. deliratoriusP93
| | | | | |--C. haemorrhoidalisSW21
| | | | | |--C. iridipennis [=Ichnneumon iridipennis]G84
| | | | | |--C. penetrans (Smith 1858) [=Ichneumon penetrans]NI11
| | | | | `--C. sinisterP93
| | | | `--HeresiarchesinaSW21
| | | `--+--‘Coelichneumon’ phaeonomenonSW21
| | | `--+--ProtichneumonSW21
| | | | |--P. flavoornatusG88
| | | | |--P. fusoriusP93
| | | | |--P. grandisSW21
| | | | `--P. pisoriusP93
| | | `--AmblyjoppaSW21
| | `--+--+--Apatetorides variabilisSW21
| | | `--+--+--Calleupalamus olsoufieffiSW21
| | | | `--MegajoppaSW21
| | | `--+--+--CompsophorusSW21
| | | | | |--C. crassispina (Cameron 1901)NI11 (see below for synonymy)
| | | | | `--C. seyrigiSW21
| | | | `--TosquinetiaSW21
| | | `--+--GoedartiaSW21
| | | | |--G. alboguttataP93
| | | | `--G. cyaneaG88
| | | `--Charitojoppa Cameron 1901SW21, C01b [incl. Magrettia Cameron 1901C01c]
| | | |--*C. caerulea Cameron 1901C01b
| | | `--C. crassispina (Cameron 1901)SW21, NI11 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--+--+--Tricholabus Thomson 1894SW21, G84 [incl. Epiopelmidea Viereck 1913G84, Otohimea Uchida 1926G84]
| | | | |--*T. femoralis Thomson 1894G84
| | | | |--‘*Epiopelmidea’ erythrogaster Viereck 1913G84
| | | | |--T. lepidusSW21
| | | | |--‘*Otohimea’ nigra Uchida 1926G84
| | | | `--T. strigatoriusG88
| | | | |--T. s. strigatoriusG88
| | | | `--T. s. incanescensG88
| | | `--Pseudocillimus rubrithoraxSW21
| | `--+--SaranacaSW21
| | | |--S. elegansSW21
| | | `--S. floridanaSW21
| | `--+--+--Gnamptopelta obsidianatorSW21
| | | `--Conocalama occidentalisSW21
| | `--+--Dothenia hansoniSW21
| | `--Charmedia chavarriaiSW21
| `--+--VulgichneumonBS23
| | |--V. brevicinctorSW21
| | |--V. diminutus [=Algathia diminuta]G88
| | |--V. leucaniae [=Algathia leucaeniae]G88
| | `--V. terminalisSW21
| `--+--Rictichneumon Heinrich 1961–1962SW21, G88
| | `--R. virginicusSW21
| `--+--+--Aethiamblys congicusSW21
| | `--Rubicundiella annulicornisSW21
| `--+--Virgichneumon digrammusSW21
| `--BarichneumonSW21
| |--B. archboldiSW21
| |--B. dumeticolaG88
| |--B. tamahonisG88
| `--B. vexatorG88
`--+--+--+--MelanichneumonSW21
| | | |--M. albipictusG88
| | | | |--M. a. albipictusG88
| | | | `--M. a. sinicusG88
| | | `--M. disparilisSW21
| | | |--M. d. disparilisSW21
| | | `--M. d. flavidopsSW21
| | `--+--RugosculptaSW21
| | `--Afrobystra sinuataSW21
| `--+--+--Plagiotrypes concinnusSW21
| | `--Imeria Cameron 1903SW21, G84 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--*I. albomaculataG84
| | |--I. cephalotesG88 [=*Elasmognathus cephalotesG84, *Elasmognathias cephalotesG84]
| | |--I. dentataG88
| | |--I. formosanaG88
| | |--I. laminatusG88
| | |--I. levifrons Cameron 1907NI11
| | |--I. longitarsis (Cameron 1905)NI11 [=*Caenojoppa longitarsisG84]
| | |--I. maculiceps (Cameron 1912) [=Caenojoppa maculiceps]NI11
| | `--I seyrigiSW21 [=Caenojoppa (*Imeriella) seyrigiG84]
| `--+--+--PseudoplatylabusSW21
| | `--Baranisobas ridibundusSW21
| `--+--StirexephanesSW21
| | |--S. melanarius Cameron 1912NI11
| | |--S. signatusG88
| | | |--S. s. signatusG88
| | | `--S. s. formosanusG88
| | `--S. tricolorG88
| `--+--+--AculichneumonSW21
| | `--+--Rhadinodontoplisus tricolorSW21
| | `--CryteaBS23
| | |--C. albitrochnaterataBS23
| | |--C. frontalisSW21
| | `--C. protelesSW21
| `--+--+--Aethioplites madagascariensisSW21
| | `--Aethianoplis colliferSW21
| `--+--Afrolongichneumon madagascariensisSW21
| `--AcanthobenyllusSW21
`--+--+--+--PterocorminaBS23
| | `--Patrocloides perluctuosusSW21
| `--Ctenochares Foerster 1869SW21, G84 (see below for synonymy)
| |--C. bicolorus (see below for synonymy)G84
| |--C. amoenus (Saussure 1892)SW21, G84 [=*Stenophorus amoenusG84]
| |--‘Hoplismenus’ fulvidus [incl. *Talimeda pallidiceps Cameron 1912]G84
| |--‘*Anisojoppa’ lutea Cameron 1906G84
| `--‘*Henicophatnus’ rufithorax Kriechbaumer 1894 [incl. *Celmis blanditus Tosquinet 1896]G84
`--+--+--Chasmias motatoriusSW21
| `--Protopelmus atrocaeruleusSW21
`--+--AmblytelinaBS23
`--IchneumoninaG88
|--IchneumonBS23
|--Catadelphus arrogatorG84, P93
|--Yeppoona Gauld 1984G84
| `--*Y. grandis Gauld 1984G84
|--Facydes Cameron 1901G88, C01a
| `--*F. purpureomaculatus Cameron 1901C01a
|--Cobunus pallidiolusG88
|--HedyjoppaG88
|--Gathetus melanocerusG88
`--Hemihoplis teresSW21
Ichneumonini incertae sedis:
Hytophatnus lineatus Cameron 1907NI11
Gyrodonta Cameron 1901C01c
`--*G. flavomaculata Cameron 1901C01c
Aoplus confirmatusG88, SW21
Stenaoplus ornatitarsis (Cameron 1904)G88, NI11 (see below for synonymy)
LosgnaNI11
HioradaG88
|--H. bilineataG88
`--H. bistriataG88
Crathiorada fasciataG88
|--C. f. fasciataG88
`--C. f. septentrionalisG88
BovijoppaG88
0--Platylabops fraterculusSW21
`--+--CratichneumonSW21
| |--C. sicariusP93
| `--C. w-albumSW21
`--+--CryptojoppaSW21
`--MataraSW21
EupalamusG88
|--E. giganteusG88
| |--E. g. giganteusG88
| `--E. g. sinensisG88
`--E. tenuimanusG88
MesophadnusG88
|--M. formosanusG88
| |--M. f. formosanusG88
| `--M. f. effigiopsG88
|--M. fukiensisG88
`--M. spilopterusG88
Pseudeupalamus flavescensG88
Xestojoppa Cameron 1901G88, C01b
`--*X. olivacea Cameron 1901C01b [=Eupalamus olivaceusG88]
LareigaG88
|--L. abdominalis [=L. clotho abdominalis]G88
|--L. clothoG88
|--L. decor [=L. clotho decor]G88
|--L. intermediaG88
`--L. malaiseiG88
Neolareiga rufocoeruleaG88
Sycaonia popaeG88
Gareila birmanicaG88
Cosmiojoppa albidiopsG88
BenyllusG88
|--B. celebicusG88
| |--B. c. celebicusG88
| `--B. c. bonthainensisG88
`--B. rufopictusG88
Longichneumon Heinrich 1934G88, G84
`--*L. annaelisae Heinrich 1934G84
Aculicoxa Gauld 1984G88, G84
`--*A. striata Gauld 1984G84
Phaeneumon Gauld 1984G88, G84
`--*P. phoenix Gauld 1984G84
Uloola Gauld 1984G88, G84
`--*U. brevis Gauld 1984G84
NesostenodontusG88
|--N. bakeriG88
`--N. formosanusG88
Bambuscopus aureolusG88
BystraG88
|--B. baibarensisG88
|--B. kusukusensisG88
|--B. rufaG88
`--B. testaceaG88
DacrymnaG88
|--D. forticarinataG88
`--D. simplicipes [=Melanichneumon (Bystra) simplicipes]G88
Algathia Cameron 1902G88, G84
|--*A. maculiceps Cameron 1902G84
|--A. kurarensisG88
`--A. metutaG88
Lissosculpta Heinrich 1934G88, G84
|--*L. impexa [=Ichneumon impexus]G84
|--L. albatoriaG88
|--L. basalisG84
|--L. glaucosignataG88
|--L. javanicaG88
|--L. novickiiG88
`--L. salomonisG88
Barichneumonites Heinrich 1934G88, G84
|--*B. sphaeriscutellatus Heinrich 1934G84
|--B. australasiaeG84
|--B. ludibundusG88
|--B. manilaeG88
`--B. picinusG88
Pseudomaraces birmanicaG88, SW21
CallajoppinaG88
|--CallajoppaP93
| |--C. cirrogasterP93
| `--C. exaltatoriaP93
`--Dimaetha Cameron 1901G88, C01a [Hemijoppinae]
`--*D. tibialis Cameron 1901C01a
Aulojoppa spilocephala Cameron 1907NI11
|--A. s. spilocephalaG88
|--A. s. balteataG88
`--A. s. makassariensisG88
Satrius bellusG88
Liojoppa centralisBS23
AllonotusNI11
|--A. politusG88
| |--A. p. politusG88
| `--A. p. sauteriG88
|--A. praepesG88
`--A. rufus Cameron 1907NI11
EccoptosageNI11
Validentia musculaG88
AglaojoppaNI11
Naenaria grandiceps Cameron 1903NI11
RhexidermusC01d
ApatetorinaG88
HabrojoppaG88
|--H. kurarensisG88
|--H. maculicepsG88
|--H. nigripesG88
| |--H. n. nigripesG88
| `--H. n. javanensisG88
`--H. rufopetiolataG88
Atanyjoppa commisator (Smith 1858) [=Ichneumon commisator; incl. A. flavomaculata Cameron 1901]NI11
Charitojoppa crassispina (Cameron 1901)SW21, NI11 [=*Magrettia crassispinaC01c, NI11, Compsophorus crassispinaNI11, Xenojoppa crassispinaNI11]
Ctenochares Foerster 1869SW21, G84 [=Joppites Berthoumieu 1894G84, Joppoides Berthoumieu 1904G84; incl. Anisojoppa Cameron 1906G84, Celmis Tosquinet 1896G84, Henicophatnus Kriechbaumer 1894G84, Pseudojoppa Kriechbaumer 1898G84, Stenophorus Saussure 1892G84, Talimeda Cameron 1912G84]
Ctenochares bicolorus [=Ichneumon bicolorus; incl. C. apicalis, I. instructor, *Pseudojoppa instructor, Ctenochares rufator, Ichneumon xanthomelas, *C. xanthomelas, *Joppites xanthomelas, *Joppoides xanthomelas]G84
Ichneumonini [Acanthojoppini, Clypeodromini, Compsophorini, Goedartiini, Gyrodontina, Gyrodontini, Heresiarchini, Joppini, Joppocryptini, Listrodromini, Oedicephalini, Protichneumonini, Trogini]NI11
Imeria Cameron 1903SW21, G84 [incl. Caenojoppa Cameron 1905G84, Elasmognathias Ashmead 1906G84, Elasmognathus Ashmead 1905 non Fieb. 1844G84, Imeriella Heinrich 1938G84]
Ischnojoppa luteator (Fabricius 1798)NI11 [=Ichneumon luteatorNI11, Is. luteatrixNI11, Is. luteolator (l. c.)NI11, Joppa luteatorNI11, Ic. adspersor Thunberg 1822NI11, J. lutea Fabricius 1804NI11, Ic. luteaNI11, *Ischnojoppa luteaG84; incl. Ic. agraensis Cameron 1897NI11, Exephanes akonis Matsumura 1912NI11, Atanyjoppa akonisNI11, *Bodargus rufus Cameron 1902G84, Joppa rufa Brulle 1846NI11]
Stenaoplus ornatitarsis (Cameron 1904)G88, NI11 [=Hemiteles ornatitarsisNI11; incl. H. caducus Schulz 1906NI11, H. geniculatus Cameron 1904 non Thomson 1884NI11]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BS23] Blaimer, B. B., B. F. Santos, A. Cruaud, M. W. Gates, R. R. Kula, I. Mikó, J.-Y. Rasplus, D. R. Smith, E. J. Talamas, S. G. Brady & M. L. Buffington. 2023. Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera. Nature Communications 14: 1212.
[C01a] Cameron, P. 1901a. Descriptions of seventeen new genera of Ichneumonidae from India and one from Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 275–284.
[C01b] Cameron, P. 1901b. Descriptions of seventeen new genera of Ichneumonidae from India and one from Australia (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 374–385.
[C01c] Cameron, P. 1901c. Descriptions of seventeen new genera of Ichneumonidae from India and one from Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 480–487.
[C01d] Cameron, P. 1901d. Descriptions of seventeen new genera of Ichneumonidae from India and one from Australia (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 523–531.
[C02] Cameron, P. 1902. On the Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Robert Shelford at Sarawak, and on the Hymenoptera of the Sarawak Museum. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 37: 29–140.
[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[G88] Gupta, S. 1988. New distributional records for Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of the Indo-Australian area. Oriental Insects 22: 301–357.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[NI11] Norhafiza, A. F., & A. B. Idris. 2011. A catalogue of Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Malaysia. Serangga 16 (1): 29–50.
[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.
[SW21] Santos, B. F., D. B. Wahl, P. Rousse, A. M. R. Bennett, R. Kula & S. G. Brady. 2021. Phylogenomics of Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) reveals pervasive morphological convergence and the shortcomings of previous classifications. Systematic Entomology 46: 704–724.