Lacuninae

Belongs within: Littorinoidea.

The Lacuninae are a group of periwinkles found in the eulittoral and sublittoral zones, characterised by a paucispiral operculum usually bearing an internal ridge, and females lacking a seminal receptacle or having the receptacle at the end of a long duct. Members of the Northern Hemisphere genus Lacuna have a turbinated or globular shell with a semilunar aperture and flattened columella (Oldroyd 1927).

<==Lacuninae [Bembiciidae, Bembiciinae, Lacunidae, Lacunoidea]
    |--PellilittorinaC96
    |--Cremnoconchus Blanford 1869 [Cremnoconchinae]BR05
    |    `--*C. syhadrensis (Blanford 1863) [=Cremnobates syhadrensis]BR17
    |--Aquilonaria Dall 1886O27
    |    `--*A. turneri Dall 1886O27
    |--Risellopsis Kesteven 1902P61
    |    `--*R. varia (Hutton 1873) [=Fossarina varia]P61
    |--Lacunella Deshayes 1861 [=Haloconcha Dall 1886]O27
    |    |--*L. depressa [=*Haloconcha depressa]O27
    |    |--‘Haloconcha’ minor Dall 1919O27
    |    `--‘Haloconcha’ reflexa Dall 1884O27
    |--Risella Gray 1842 [=Bembicium Philippi 1846; Risellidae, Risellinae]BR05
    |    |--*R. melanostoma (Gmelin 1791)BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--‘Bembicium’ auratum (Quoy & Gaimard 1834)W93 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--‘Bembicium’ flavescens (Philippi 1851) [incl. B. plicatula Philippi 1851]W93
    |    |--R. girondica Benoist 1874 [=Peasiella girondica, Trochus risella Benoist 1874]R89
    |    |--‘Bembicium’ nanum (Lamarck 1822) (see below for synonymy)W93
    |    |--‘Bembicium’ priscum Powell & Bartrum 1929PB29
    |    `--‘Bembicium’ vittatum Philippi 1846 [incl. B. bruni Crosse 1864, B. fimbriata Philippi 1851]W93
    `--Lacuna Turton 1827BR05
         |  i. s.: L. albellaN79
         |         L. compactaC64
         |         L. decorataC64
         |         L. divaricata Fabricius 1780O27 [=Turbo divaricatusJ64; incl. T. vinctusJ64]
         |         L. glacialis Möller 1842 [incl. L. crassior]O27
         |         L. marmorata Dall 1919O27
         |         L. pallidula [incl. L. pallidula var. neritoidea]J79
         |         L. porrecta Carpenter 1864O27
         |           |--L. p. porrectaO27
         |           |--L. p. effusa Carpenter 1864O27
         |           |--L. p. exaequata Carpenter 1864O27
         |           `--L. p. puteoloides Carpenter in Dall 1919O27
         |         L. solidula Lov. 1846 [incl. L. carinata Gld. 1848, Modelia striata]C64
         |         L. unifasciata Carpenter 1856O27
         |           |--L. u. unifasciataO27
         |           `--L. u. aurantiaca Carpenter 1864O27
         |         L. variegata Carpenter 1864O27
         |         L. vestitaN79
         |         L. vinctaCS77
         |--L. (Lacuna)BR17
         |    |--*L. (L.) lacuna (Montagu 1803) [=Helix lacuna]BR17
         |    `--L. (L.) puteolaO27
         `--L. (Boetica Dall 1918)O27
              `--L. (B.) vaginata Dall 1918O27

‘Bembicium’ auratum (Quoy & Gaimard 1834)^W93 [incl. B. cicatricosus Jonas in Philippi 1843^W93, Astrea sulcata davisii Stowe 1872^F27, B. imbricata Gray 1839^W93, Risella kielmanseggi Zelebor in Dunker & Zelebor 1866^{F27, W93}, Cookia sulcata kielmanseyi^PB29, B. nodulosum Musgrave 1929^W93, Astralium pyramidale Webster 1905^F27]

‘Bembicium’ nanum (Lamarck 1822) [incl. B. acuminatus Wood 1828, B. australis Gray 1839, B. crassa Dunker 1861, B. grisea Philippi 1851, B. pictum Philppi 1846, B. planus Quoy & Gaimard 1834]^W93

*Risella melanostoma (Gmelin 1791)^BR17 [=Trochus melanostoma^BR17, *Bembicium melanostoma^BR17; incl. B. lividum Philippi 1846^W93, B. luteus Quoy & Gaimard 1834^W93, B. squamiferus Gould 1852^W93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C96] Crame, J. A. 1996. Evolution of high-latitude molluscan faunas. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 119–131. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[CS77] Cramp, S., & K. E. L. Simmons (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palaearctic vol. 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[J79] Jeffreys, J. G. 1879. Notes on Colonel Montagu’s collection of British shells. Journal of Conchology 2: 1–4.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[PB29] Powell, A. W. B., & J. A. Bartrum. 1929. The Tertiary (Waitematan) molluscan fauna of Oneroa, Waiheke Island. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 60: 395–447.

[R89] Reid, D. G. 1989. Systematic revision of the Recent species of Peasiella Nevill, 1885 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), with notes on the fossil species. Nautilus 103 (2): 43–69.

[W93] Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells vol. 1. Prosobranch Gastropods. Part One. Odyssey Publishing: Kallaroo (Western Australia).