Belongs within: Gastropoda.
Contains: Trochonematidae, Lophospiridae, Euomphalidae, Raphistomatidae, Helicotomidae, Omphalotrochidae, Platyschismatinae, Turbonellininae.
The Macluritida are a group of gastropods known from the Upper Cambrian to the Triassic, possessing a hyperstrophic to depressed-orthostrophic shell (Knight et al. 1960). The shell often bears an angulation on the outer surface of the whorl that is presumed to mark the position of the exhalant channel. The monophyly and composition of the order has been subject to much debate.
Potential members include the Trochonematoidea in which the shell bears a median angulation running along or above the midline of each spire (replaced by a shallow sinus in some Trochonematidae), with further angulations above and/or below. The inner lining of the shell was nacreous. The Macluritidae are an Ordovician to Devonian family of hyperstrophic gastropods with a flat or gently protruding base (Knight et al. 1960).
Characters (Knight et al. 1960): Shell hyperstrophic to depressed-orthostrophic, commonly with angulation on outer part of upper whorl surface coinciding with or forming outer border of channel thought to have been exhalant; shell wall thick, outer layer calcitic, inner layers thick, aragonitic; operculum heavy, calcareous, paucispiral with attachments for two retractor muscles.
<==Macluritida [Macluritiformes, Macluritina, Macluritiones]F12
|--Trochonematoidea [Lophospiroidea, Trochonematacea, Trochonematata, Trochonematiformes, Trochonematoidei]GS75
| |--TrochonematidaeBR05
| `--LophospiridaeBR05
|--Macluritidae [Macluraeacea, Maclureadae, Maclureidae, Macluriidae, Macluritacea, Macluritoidea]KC60
| |--Teiichispira Yochelson & Jones 1958LK84
| | `--T. cornucopiaeBRW98
| |--Palliseria Wilson 1924 [incl. Mitrospira Kirk 1930]KC60
| | |--*P. robusta Wilson 1924KC60
| | `--P. longwelliK52
| |--Macluritella Kirk 1927LK84
| | |--M. stantoni Kirk 1927F12
| | `--M. walcotti (Howell 1946)TTE93
| `--Maclurites Lesueur 1818BR05 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*M. magna Lesueur 1818KC60
| |--M. altunshanensis Yu & Ning 1983YN83
| |--M. bigsbyiYN83
| |--M. loganiKC60
| |--M. manitobensis (Whiteaves 1887)TTE93
| `--M. niuhsintaiensis (Kobayashi 1930) [=Maclurea niuhsintaiensis]YX95
|--Ophiletidae [Ophiletinae, Ophiletoidea]BR17
| |--Ecculiomphalus Portlock 1843BR05 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--*E. bucklandi Portlock 1843KC60
| |--Dirhachopea Ulrich & Bridge 1931KC60
| | `--*D. normalis Ulrich & Bridge 1931KC60
| |--Euconia Ulrich in Ulrich & Scofield 1897 [incl. Jarlopsis Heller 1954]KC60
| | `--*E. etna (Billings 1865) [=Pleurotomaria etna]KC60
| |--Calaurops Whitfield 1886 [incl. Orthostoma Conrad 1838 non Ehrenberg 1831]KC60
| | `--*C. lituiformis Whitfield 1886KC60
| `--Ophileta Vanuxem 1842BR05
| | i. s.: O. subangulataT10
| |--O. (Ophileta) [incl. Polygyrata Weller 1903]KC60
| | `--*O. (O.) complanata Vanuxem 1842KC60
| `--O. (Ozarkispira Walcott 1924)KC60
| `--O. (*O.) leo (Walcott 1924) [=*Ozarkispira leo]KC60
`--Euomphaloidea [Euomphalacea, Euomphalina, Euomphalioidei, Euomphalomorpha, Rhaphistomatoidea]KC60
| i. s.: Triassocirrus infracarinatumTE01
|--EuomphalidaeBR05
|--RaphistomatidaeRFD04
|--HelicotomidaeBR05
|--OmphalotrochidaeBR05
|--Lesueurilla Koken 1898BR05 [=Lesuerella Perner 1903KC60; incl. Pachystrophia Perner 1903KC60; LesueurillidaeBR05]
| |--*L. infundibulum (Koken 1897) [=Maclurea infundibulum]BR17
| `--L. sinensis (Frech 1895) [=Raphistom sinensis, Ecculiomphalus sinensis, Eccyliopterus sinensis]YX95
|--Straparollina Billings 1865KC60 [StraparollinidaeBR17, Straparollinoidea]
| `--*S. pelagica Billings 1865KC60
|--OmphalocirridaeBR05
| |--Hypomphalocirrus Linsley 1978LK84
| |--Liomphalus Chapman 1916LK84
| | `--L. northi (Etheridge 1890)TTE93
| `--Omphalocirrus De Ryckholt 1860BR17 (see below for synonymy)
| `--*O. goldfussii (d’Archiac & de Verneuil 1842)BR17 (see below for synonymy)
|--EuomphalopteridaeBR17
| |--Spinicharybdis Rohr & Packard 1982 [Spinicharybdiinae]BR17
| | `--*S. wilsoni Rohr & Packard 1982BR17
| `--Euomphalopterus Roemer 1876BR17 [=Evomphalopterus Fischer 1885KC60; Euomphalopterinae]
| | i. s.: E. gasconensisLYR78
| |--E. (Euomphalopterus) [incl. Bathmopterus Kirk 1928]KC60
| | `--*E. (E.) alatus (Wahlenberg 1819) [=Turbinites alatus]BR17
| `--E. (Pleuromphalus Perner 1903)KC60
| `--E. (*P.) seductor (Perner 1903) [=*Pleuromphalus seductor]KC60
`--SinuopeidaeGS75
| i. s.: Lunulazona Sadlick & Nielsen 1963PE02, KB04
| Naticasinus Pan & Erwin 2002PE02, KB04
| `--*N. sinus Pan & Erwin 2002KB04
| Pandospira Waterhouse 1963W63
| |--*P. fimbriae Waterhouse 1963W63
| `--P. nuda Waterhouse 1963W63
| Keeneeia Etheridge 1902W63
| |--*K. platyschismoides Etheridge 1902W63
| |--K. ocula (Sowerby 1838) [=Trochus oculus, Euomphalus oculus, Platyschisma oculus]W63
| `--K. trochiforme Fletcher 1958F71
|--PlatyschismatinaeBR05
|--TurbonellininaeBR05
`--SinuopeinaeBR05
|--Sinuopea Ulrich 1911BR05
| `--*S. sweeti (Whitfield 1880) [=Holopea sweeti]KC60
|--Horiostomella Perner 1903KC60
| `--*H. otiosa Perner 1903KC60
`--Sellinema Perner 1903KC60
`--*S. dive Perner 1903KC60
Ecculiomphalus Portlock 1843BR05 [=Eccyliomphalus Agassiz 1846KC60; incl. Eccyliopterus Remelé 1888KC60; Ecculiomphalinae]
Maclurites Lesueur 1818BR05 [=Maclurea Emmons 1842KC60, Maclureia Bronn 1848KC60, Maclurita deBlainville 1823KC60; incl. Maclurina Ulrich & Scofield 1897KC60]
Omphalocirrus De Ryckholt 1860BR17 [=Coelocentrus Zittel 1882KC60, Polyenaulus Etheridge 1917KC60; incl. Arctomphalus Tolmachov 1926KC60]
*Omphalocirrus goldfussii (d’Archiac & de Verneuil 1842)BR17 [=Euomphalus goldfussiiBR17, *Coelocentrus goldfussiKC60, *Polyenaulus goldfussiKC60]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.
[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.
[F12] Frýda, J. 2012. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic gastropods inferred from their ontogeny. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 395–435. Springer.
[GS75] Golikov, A. N., & Y. I. Starobogatov. 1975. Systematics of prosobranch gastropods. Malacologia 15 (1): 185–232.
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[KB04] Kues, B. S., R. L. Batten, D. H. Erwin & Pan H.-Z. 2004. A Late Permian Chinese gastropod species, possibly larval, in the Middle Pennsylvanian of New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 420-423.
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[RFD04] Rohr, D. M., M. F. Fix & G. Darrough. 2004. Life association of shell and operculum of Ceratopea Ulrich, 1911 (Ordovician; Gastropoda). Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 218-220.
[T10] Taylor, T. G. 1910. The Archaeocyathinae from the Cambrian of South Australia with an account of the morphology and affinities of the whole class. Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia 2 (2): 55-188.
[TE01] Tong, J., & D. H. Erwin. 2001. Triassic gastropods of the southern Qinling Mountains, China. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 92: 1–47.
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