Belongs within: Serpentes.
Contains: Caenophidia, Boinae.
The Macrostomata is the clade including living non-fossorial snakes. Members of the Macrostomata have a hinged supratemporal, increasing the flexibility of the skull (Longrich et al. 2012).
Synapomorphies (from Longrich et al. 2012): Orbital margin of prefrontal vertical; maxilla ascending process absent; quadrate ramus of pterygoid with groove; coronoid posteroventral process absent; pelvic elements fused; premaxilla displaced anteriorly; parietal sagittal crest reduced anteriorly; supratemporal elongate.
<==Macrostomata [Henophidia] | i. s.: Pachyophis [Pachyophiidae]MH11 | Calabaria [Calabariidae]VH02 | `--C. reinhardtiiVH02 |--+--Xenopeltis [Xenopeltidae]MH11 | | `--X. unicolorVH02 | `--Loxocemus [Loxocemidae]VH02 | `--L. bicolorVH02 `--+--+--CaenophidiaVH02 | `--BolyeriidaeAZ06 | |--Casarea dussumieriVH02 | |--Bolyeria multicarinataFS01 | `--Xenophidion [Xenophidiidae]LBG12 | `--X. acanthognathusLBG12 `--+--UngaliophiinaeLBG12 | |--Exiliboa placataLBG12 | `--UngaliophisLBG12 | |--U. continentalisVH02 | `--U. panamensisLBG12 `--BoidaeSH96 | i. s.: Leiopython Hubrecht 1879C18 | `--L. albertisii (Peters & Doria 1878) [=Liasis albertisii]C18 | CadurcoboaSH96 | DunnophisSH96 | BransateryxSH96 | CadurceryxSH96 | PlatyspondyliaSH96 |--ErycinaeLBG12 | | i. s.: Calamagras Cope 1873 [incl. Aphelophis Cope 1873]SH96 | | |--*C. murivorus Cope 1873 (see below for synonymy)SH96 | | |--C. angulatus Cope 1873 [=Ogmophis angulatus]SH96 | | `--C. weigeli Holman 1972SH96 | | Helagras Cope 1883SH96 | | |--*H. prisciformis Cope 1883SH96 | | `--H. orellanensis Holman 1983SH96 | | Ogmophis Cope 1884SH96 | | |--*O. oregonensis Cope 1884SH96 | | `--O. compactus Lambe 1908SH96 | | Geringophis Holman 1976SH96 | | |--*G. depressus Holman 1976SH96 | | `--G. vetus Holman 1982SH96 | |--+--Charina bottaeVH02 | | `--Lichanura trivirgataLBG12 | `--+--Gongylophis colubrinusVH02 | `--EryxVH02 | |--E. colubrinusLBG12 | |--E. jaculusW06 | `--E. miliarisVH02 `--+--BoinaeLBG12 `--Pythoninae [Pythonidae]LBG12 | i. s.: Morelia Gray 1842S05, C18 [incl. AustraliasisC18, Simalia Gray 1849C18] | |--M. amethistina (Schneider 1801) (see below for synonymy)C18 | |--M. boeleniVH02 | |--M. bredli (Gow 1981) [=M. spilota bredli]C18 | |--M. carinata (Smith 1981)C18 | |--M. oenpelliensis (Gow 1977) [=Simalia oenpelliensis]C18 | |--M. spilota (Lacépède 1804)C18 | | |--M. s. spilotaPP13 | | |--M. s. cheyneiC18 | | |--M. s. imbricataC18 | | |--M. s. mcdowelliC18 | | |--M. s. metcalfeiC18 | | `--M. s. variegataPP13 | |--M. stimsoniSH90 | `--M. viridis (Schlegel 1872) [=Chondropython viridis]C18 | Aspidites Peters 1876LBG12, C18 | |--A. melanocephalus (Krefft 1864)C18 | `--A. ramsayi (Macleay 1882)C18 |--Python Daudin 1803VH02, RB05 | |--P. europaeus Szyndlar & Rage 2003RB05 | |--P. molurus Linnaeus 1758S05 | |--P. natalensisHB09 | |--P. regiusGWN71 | |--P. reticulatus [=Broghammerus reticulatus]N10 | |--P. sebae Gmelin 1789S05 | `--P. spolotesB32 `--+--Apodora papuanaVH02 `--Liasis Gray 1842VH02, C18 |--L. fuscus Peters 1873C18 |--L. mackloti (Duméril & Bibron 1834)C18 |--L. maximus Werner 1936K08 |--L. olivaceus Gray 1842C18 | |--L. o. olivaceusHD04 | `--L. o. barroniHD04 `--L. savuensisVH02
*Calamagras murivorus Cope 1873 [incl. Aphelophis talpivorus Cope 1873, C. talpivorus, C. truxalis Cope 1873]SH96
Morelia amethistina (Schneider 1801) [=Simalia amethistina; incl. Liasis clarki (Barbour 1914), Morelia kinghorni (Stull 1933)]C18
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AZ06] Apesteguía, S., & H. Zaher. 2006. A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum. Nature 440: 1037–1040.
[B32] Bourne, G. 1932. Sarcosporidia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 19: 1–8.
[C18] Cogger, H. G. 2018. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia updated 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.
[FS01] Flannery, T. & P. Schouten. 2001. A Gap in Nature: Discovering the World’s Extinct Animals. Text Publishing: Melbourne.
[GWN71] Gorman, G. C., A. C. Wilson & M. Nakanishi. 1971. A biochemical approach towards the study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 167–185.
[HB09] Head, J. J., J. I. Bloch, A. K. Hastings, J. R. Bourque, E. A. Cadena, F. A. Herrera, P. D. Polly & C. A. Jaramillo. 2009. Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures. Nature 457: 715–717.
[HD04] How, R. A., & J. Dell. 2004. Reptile assemblage of the Abydos Plain, north-eastern Pilbara, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (3): 85–95.
[K08] Korsós, Z. 2008. History of the Herpetological Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 100: 37–93.
[LBG12] Longrich, N. R., B.-A. S. Bhullar & J. A. Gauthier. 2012. A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America. Nature 488: 205–208.
[MH11] Müller, J., C. A. Hipsley, J. J. Head, N. Kardjilov, A. Hilger, M. Wuttke & R. R. Reisz. 2011. Eocene lizard from Germany reveals amphisbaenian origins. Nature 473: 364–367.
[N10] Naish, D. 2010. Tetrapod Zoology: Book One. CFZ Press: Bideford (UK).
[PP13] Palmer, R., D. J. Pearson, M. A. Cowan & P. Doughty. 2013. Islands and scales: a biogeographic survey of reptiles on Kimberley islands, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 183–204.
[RB05] Rage, J.-C., & S. Bailon. 2005. Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late early Miocene (MN 4) of Béon 1 (Montréal-du-Gers, southwestern France). Geodiversitas 27 (3): 413–441.
[S05] Scanlon, J. D. 2005. Cranial morphology of the Plio-Pleistocene giant madtsoiid snake Wonambi naracoortensis. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 139–180.
[SH90] Storr, G. M., & G. Harold. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Shark Bay area, Western Australia. In: Berry, P. F., S. D. Bradshaw & B. R. Wilson (eds) Research in Shark Bay: Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee pp. 279–285. Western Australian Museum.
[SH96] Sullivan, R. M., & J. A. Holman. 1996. Squamata. In: Prothero, D. R., & R. J. Emry (eds) The Terrestrial Eocene–Oligocene Transition in North America pp. 354–372. Cambridge University Press.
[VH02] Vidal, N., & S. B. Hedges. 2002. Higher-level relationships of snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 325: 977-985.
[W06] Werner, F. 1906. Die nördlichsten Reptilien und Batrachier. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 527–544. Gustav Fischer: Jena.