Magnoliales

Belongs within: Magnoliidae.
Contains: Myristica, Annonaceae.

The Magnoliales are a clade of flowering plants well supported by molecular analyses, as well as by two morphological synapomorphies: midrib vasculature in shape of an arc with adaxial plate, and secondary phloem stratified into tangential bands (Chatrou 2003). Within the clade, the Myristicaceae are the sister group to all other taxa, the Magnoliineae. Myristicaceae are distinguished by the presence of tanniferous tubes, sympodially branched hairs, unisexual flowers and arillate seeds. Magnoliineae are supported by the presence of a eustele, solitary flowers, spiral stamen phyllotaxy, an extended connective apex, embedded pollen sacs and a multiplicative testa (Chatrou 2003).

<==Magnoliales [Annonineae]
    |--Myristicaceae [Myristicales, Myristicineae]C03
    |    |--MyristicaF78
    |    |--BroohoneuraYY22
    |    |--Coelocaryon preussiiYY22, CP12
    |    |--CompsoneuraYY22
    |    |--DialyantheraYY22
    |    |--Horsfieldia iryaF78, P88
    |    |--IryantheraYY22
    |    |--MauloutchiaYY22
    |    |--OsteophloeumYY22
    |    |--PycnanthusYY22
    |    |--ScyphocephaliumYY22
    |    |--StaudtiaYY22
    |    |--Virola oleiferaMP00
    |    |--Myristicoxylon princeps Boureau 1950CBH93
    |    |--MyristicacarpumCBH93
    |    |--Echimonocolpites major du Chene 1978CBH93
    |    |--KnemaF78
    |    |    |--K. attenuataSR07
    |    |    `--K. tomentella (Miq.) Warb. 1897F78
    |    `--Gymnacranthera paniculataF78
    |         |--G. p. var. paniculataF78
    |         `--G. p. var. zippeliana (Miq.) Sinclair 1958 (see below for synonymy)F78
    `--MagnoliineaeC03
         |--+--+--AnnonaceaeC03
         |  |  `--EupomatiaC78a [EupomatiaceaeC03, Eupomatiales, Eupomatieae]
         |  |       |--E. bennettiiC78a
         |  |       `--E. laurina Brown 1914C78a
         |  `--+--GalbulimimaC78b [HimantandraceaeC03]
         |     |    `--G. belgraveana (Muell.) Sprague 1922 (see below for synonymy)C78b
         |     `--DegeneriaCP12 [DegeneriaceaeC03]
         |          |--D. roseifloraCP12
         |          `--D. vitiensisCP12
         `--MagnoliaceaeC03
              |  i. s.: TalaumaC78c
              |           |--T. dodecapetulaSWK87
              |           `--T. oreadum Diels 1916 [=Aromadendron oreadum (Diels) Kan. & Hat. 1943]C78c
              |         Elmerrillia papuana (Schltr) Dandy 1927 (see below for synonymy)C78c
              |         Liriodendropsis simplex Newberry 1895CBH93
              |         Magnoliaephyllum alternans (Heer) Seward 1926CBH93
              |         Magnoliaestrobus gilmouri Seward & Conway 1935CBH93
              |         MagnolipollisCBH93
              |           |--M. graciliexinusCBH93
              |           `--M. megafiguratusCBH93
              |         DrimysophyllumP92
              |         MagnolilepisP92
              |--Liriodendron [Liriodendroideae]DS04
              |    |--L. chinenseDS04
              |    `--L. tulipiferaSK03
              `--+--MicheliaDS04
                 |    |--M. albaC78c
                 |    |--M. champacaC78c
                 |    |--M. doltsopaD07
                 |    |--M. figoDS04
                 |    `--M. velutinaD07
                 `--Magnolia [Magnolioideae]DS04
                      |--M. acuminataW75
                      |--M. denudata [incl. M. conspicua]LO98
                      |--M. eocenicaHL08
                      |--M. frazeriD64
                      |--M. fuscataT-W89
                      |--M. grandifloraDS04
                      |--M. kobusLO98
                      |--M. obovata [incl. M. hypoleuca]LO98
                      |--M. pumilaT-W89
                      |--M. soulangeanaD64
                      |--M. splendensSWK87
                      |--M. torresii Ettingshausen 1883F71
                      `--M. virginiana Linnaeus 1753CD07

Elmerrillia papuana (Schltr) Dandy 1927 [=Talauma papuana Schltr 1913; incl. E. papuana var. adpressa Dandy 1928, Michelia forbesii Bak. f. 1923, E. papuana var. glaberrima Dandy 1928, E. sericea White 1929]^C78c

Galbulimima belgraveana (Muell.) Sprague 1922 [=Eupomatia belgraveana Muell. 1887, Himantandra belgraveana (Muell.) Diels 1912; incl. Galbulimima baccata Bailey 1894, G. nitida Sprague 1923, Himantandra nitida Bak. f. & Norman 1923, G. parviflora Sprague 1923, H. parviflora Bak. f. & Norman 1923]^C78b

Gymnacranthera paniculata var. zippeliana (Miq.) Sinclair 1958 [=Myristica zippeliana Miq. 1865, G. zippeliana (Miq.) Warb. 1897]^F78

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[C03] Chatrou, L. W. 2003. Myristicineae, a new suborder within Magnoliales. Taxon 52: 277–279.

[CP12] Chatrou, L. W., M. D. Pirie, R. H. J. Erkens, T. L. P. Couvreur, K. M. Neubig, J. R. Abbott, J. B. Mols, J. W. Maas, R. M. K. Saunders & M. W. Chase. 2012. A new subfamilial and tribal classification of the pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae informed by molecular phylogenetics. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 169 (1): 5–40.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[C78a] Croft, J. R. 1978a. Eupomatiaceae. In: Womersley, J. S. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 1 pp. 123–125. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South (Australia).

[C78b] Croft, J. R. 1978b. Himantandraceae. In: Womersley, J. S. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 1 pp. 126–128. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South (Australia).

[C78c] Croft, J. R. 1978c. Magnoliaceae. In: Womersley, J. S. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 1 pp. 129–134. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South (Australia).

[D07] Dash, S. S. 2007. Useful plants of Kabi Sacred Grove, Sikkim. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 79–88.

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.

[D64] Davis, R. 1964. Autecological studies of Rhynacus breitlowi Davis, (Acarina: Eriophyidae). Florida Entomologist 47 (2): 113–121.

[F78] Foreman, D. B. 1978. Myristicaceae (excluding Horsfieldia). In: Womersley, J. S. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 1 pp. 175–215. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South (Australia).

[HL08] Henniger, M., & R. Leder. 2008. Eozäne Makroflora der Querfurter Mulde. Mauritiana 20 (2): 229–251.

[LO98] Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263–276.

[MP00] Machado, G., & M. A. Pizo. 2000. The use of fruits by the neotropical harvestman Neosadocus variabilis (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptidae). Journal of Arachnology 28: 357–360.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[SR07] Sankar, R. V., K. Ravikumar, N. M. Ganesh Babu & D. K. Ved. 2007. Botany of Anapady MPCA, Palghat district, Kerala with special emphasis on species of conservation concern. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 165–172.

[SK03] Snell, K. L., & H. W. Keller. 2003. Vertical distribution and assemblages of corticolous myxomycetes on five tree species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Mycologia 95 (4): 565–576.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.

[W75] Wagner, J. A. 1975. Review of the genera Euplectus, Pycnoplectus, Leptoplectus, and Acolonia (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae) including Nearctic species north of Mexico. Entomologica Americana 49 (2): 125–207.

[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1–62.