Malpighiaceae

Belongs within: Malpighiales.

The Malpighiaceae are a tropical group of small trees, shrubs and climbers whose flowers often bear oil-producing glands to attract pollinating bees. Members include the Neotropical genus Byrsonima of which the nance B. crassifolia is cultivated for its edible fruits. Byrsonima species bear flowers in terminal racemes and fruits are drupes.

Characters (Neotropikey): Trees, treelets, shrubs, stem twisting lianas and climbers and occasionally herbs sprouting from a woody rootstock, plants with T-shaped and stellate trichomes and a variety of indumenta. Leaves opposite, with stipules, these fused in some genera and becoming intrapetiolar stipules, leaves often whorled distribution at the end of stems; leaf-blade entire, with large multicellular glands at the leaf-base or petiole. Inflorescences variable, from axillary fasicles to terminal racemes or panicles, often showy. Flowers 5-merous, hermaphrodite, subtly to strongly zygomorphic, calyx with 5 distinct sepals generally bearing two (rarely one) extra-floral nectaries, sometimes nectary missing from one sepal or completely; petals 5, free, aestivation imbricate, unguiculate at base, often with frilly edges, one larger ‘flag’ petal white, pink, magenta, yellow or orange, sometimes changing colour during anthesis; anthers 10; ovary superior, 3-locular, stigmas 3, separate. Fruit schizocarp with winged mericarps or drupaceous, sometimes fleshy and edible.

<==MalpighiaceaeXR12
    |--Byrsonima [Byrsonimoideae]XR12
    |    |--B. coriaceaSWK87
    |    |--B. crassifoliaXR12
    |    |--B. lucidaJ87
    |    `--B. wadsworthiiSWK87
    `--+--AcridocarpusXR12
       `--+--DicellaXR12
          `--Malpighia [Malpighioideae]DL07
               |--M. coccigera Linnaeus 1753CD07
               |--M. macracanthaJ87
               `--M. punicifoliaF11

Malpighiaceae incertae sedis:
  BannisterieaeH03
    |--BanisteriaD01
    |--BrachylophonH03
    `--Rhyssopterys timorensisH03, B00
  MicrosteiraYY22
  GaudichaudioideaeT00
  StigmaphyllonJ87
    |--S. angulosumJ87
    |--S. ciliatumT-W89
    `--S. emarginatumJ87
  Tetrapterys citrifoliaJ87
  Bunchosia ekmaniiJ87
  Perisyncolporites pokornyiXR12
  Banisteriophyllum australiense Ettingshausen 1887CBH93
  EoglandulosaCBH93
  Flabellaria Cav. 1790KC01
  Hiptage benghalensisM72
  AspidopterysDD73
    |--A. concavaRC02
    `--A. glabriusculaDD73

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 1. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[DL07] Davis, C. C., M. Latvis, D. L. Nickrent, K. J. Wurdack & D. A. Baum. 2007. Floral gigantism in Rafflesiaceae. Science 315: 1812.

[DD73] Deb, D. B., & R. M. Dutta. 1973. Contribution to the flora of Tirap Frontier Division. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 547–573.

[D01] Doweld, A. B. 2001. The systematic relevance of fruit and seed structure in Bersama and Melianthus (Melianthaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 227: 75–103.

[F11] Fraga, R. M. 2011. Family Icteridae (New World blackbirds). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 684–807. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9^th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[M72] Mitra, S. N. 1972. Observations on the vegetation of the Upper Damodar catchment area. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (1): 17–25.

[RC02] Ridley, H. N., & C. Curtis. 1902. Malay plant names. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 38: 39–122.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[XR12] Xi, Z., B. R. Ruhfel, H. Schaefer, A. M. Amorim, M. Sugumaran, K. J. Wurdack, P. K. Endress, M. L. Matthews, P. F. Stevens, S. Mathews & C. C. Davis. 2012. Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (43): 17519–17524.

[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1–62.