Malvidae

Belongs within: Gunneridae.
Contains: Geraniales, Myrtales, Sapindales, Brassicales, Malvales.

The Malvidae are a major clade of flowering plants supported by molecular analysis, defined by Cantino et al. (2007) to include Sapindales, Malvales, Brassicales and Tapisciaceae but expanded by Wang et al. (2009) to include Myrtales, Geraniales and Crossosomatales (thus maintining the Malvidae as the sister group to the other major rosid clade, the Fabidae). This roughly correspond to the “eurosids II” clade of many studies.

Within the Malvidae, the Crossosomatales are a relatively small but morphologically diverse assemblage; members of the Crossosomatales do, however, share a similarly much thickened seed coat (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website). The Huerteales are a group of tropical and subtropical plants united by molecular data, members of which bear small flowers in cymose inflorescences with a unilocular ovary. The Picramniaceae, bitterbushes, are a Neotropical family of trees with bitter bark containing anthraquinones.

<==Malvidae [Sapindanae]
    |--+--GeranialesAPG16
    |  `--MyrtalesAPG16
    `--+--+--Picramniaceae [Picramniales]APG16
       |  |    |--Alvaradoa [Alvaradoideae]T00
       |  |    `--Picramnia [Picramnioideae]WM09
       |  |         `--P. pentandraWM09
       |  `--+--SapindalesAPG16
       |     `--+--+--BrassicalesAPG16
       |        |  `--MalvalesAPG16
       |        `--HuertealesAPG16
       |             |--GerrardinaceaeAPG16
       |             |--DipentodonT00 [DipentodontaceaeAPG16]
       |             |--PetenaeaBAN98 [PetenaeaceaeAPG16]
       |             |    `--P. cordataBAN98
       |             `--Tapisciaceae [Tapiscioideae]APG16
       |                  |--HuerteaT00
       |                  `--Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. 1890CD07
       `--CrossosomatalesAPG16
            |  i. s.: GeissolomaT00 [GeissolomataceaeAPG16]
            |         GuatemalaceaeAPG16
            |--+--Aphloia [Aphloiaceae]WM09
            |  |    `--A. theiformisWM09
            |  `--+--Ixerba Cunn. 1839WM09, A61 [Ixerbaceae]
            |     |    `--I. brexioides Cunn. 1839A61
            |     `--Strasburgeria [Strasburgeriaceae]WM09
            |          `--S. robustaWM09
            `--+--Staphyleaceae [Staphyleoideae]WM09
               |    |--Euscaphis japonicaT00, YA93
               |    |--TurpiniaT00
               |    |    |--T. pentandra (Schltr) v.d. Linden 1959 (see below for synonymy)B81
               |    |    |--T. picardaeJ87
               |    |    `--T. pomiferaRC02
               |    `--StaphyleaMS10
               |         |--S. bolanderiH93
               |         |--S. colchicaMS10
               |         |--S. pinnataW16
               |         `--S. trifoliataWM09
               `--+--Stachyurus [Stachyuraceae]WM09
                  |    `--S. praecoxWM09
                  `--CrossosomataceaeWM09
                       |--ApacheriaT00
                       |--VelascoaT00
                       |--CrossosomaWM09
                       |    |--C. bigeloviiH93
                       |    `--C. californicumWM09
                       `--GlossopetalonT00
                            |--G. pungens [=Forsellesia pungens; incl. F. pungens var. glabra]H93
                            `--G. spinescens (see below for synonymy)H93

Glossopetalon spinescens [incl. Forsellesia arida, G. spinescens var. aridum, F. nevadensis, F. stipulifera]^H93

Turpinia pentandra (Schltr) v.d. Linden 1959 [=Kaernbachia pentandra Schltr 1914; incl. K. brachypetala Schltr 1914, Turpinia brachypetala (Schltr) v.d. Linden 1959, T. papuana Merr. & Perry 1941, T. versteeghii Merr. & Perry 1941]^B81

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[APG16] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20.

[B81] Barker, W. R. 1981. Staphyleaceae. In: Henty, E. E. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 2 pp. 258–261. Melbourne University Press.

[BAN98] Baum, D. A., W. S. Anderson & R. Nyffeler. 1998. A durian by any other name: taxonomy and nomenclature of the core Malvales. Harvard Papers in Botany 3 (2): 315–330.

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[MS10] Moore, M. J., P. S. Soltis, C. D. Bell, J. G. Burleigh & D. E. Soltis. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (10): 4623–4628.

[RC02] Ridley, H. N., & C. Curtis. 1902. Malay plant names. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 38: 39–122.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[W16] Wagner, R. 1916. Über Pseudomonopodien. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 262–268.

[WM09] Wang, H., M. J. Moore, P. S. Soltis, C. D. Bell, S. F. Brockington, R. Alexandre, C. C. Davis, M. Latvis, S. R. Manchester & D. E. Soltis. 2009. Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (10): 3853–3858.

[YA93] Yamamoto, Y., J. Aoki, X.-Z. Wang & S.-H. Hu. 1993. Oribatid mites from subtropical forests of Wu-yan-ling, east China. (1) Two new species of the family Malaconothridae (Acari: Oribatei). Edaphologia 49: 25–31.