Marchantiophyta

Belongs within: Embryophyta.
Contains: Marchantiopsida, Jungermanniales, Metzgeriales, Fossombroniopsida.

The Marchantiophyta (historically known as the Hepaticae) include the liverworts, small, often moss-like plants found in damp habitats. Liverworts are distinguished from other land plants by the presence of oil bodies in the gametophytes of many species, and by the presence in the sporangium of elaters, elongate non-sporogenous cells with spiral wall thickenings. The elaters function in spore dispersal by twisting out of the capsule as the sporangium dries (Simpson 2010).

Liverworts are often divided between the ‘leafy’ and ‘thalloid’ liverworts, depending on whether the plant body bears distinct leaf-like structures. In general, members of the Jungermanniales are leafy, while others are thalloid, though members of the Metzgeriidae are often intermediate to a certain degree. Basal members of the liverworts include the Treubiaceae, large, mostly terrestrial liverworts in which the leaf-like segments are divided between a small adaxial lobule and a larger abaxial lobe.

<==Marchantiophyta [Hepaticae, Hepaticophytina]
    |--Treubiaceae [Treubiopsida]SF01
    |    |--Treubia lacunosaSF01
    |    `--ApotreubiaG06
    |         |--A. hortonaeFHH01
    |         `--A. nanaG06
    `--+--MarchantiopsidaSF01
       `--+--Blasia [Blasiaceae, Blasiineae, Blasiopsida]SF01
          |    `--B. pusillaSF01
          `--JungermanniopsidaSF01
               |--JungermannialesSF01
               `--MetzgeriidaeSF01
                    |--MetzgerialesSF01
                    |--FossombroniopsidaSF01
                    `--Haplomitriaceae [Calobryales, Calobryidae, Haplomitriopsida]SF01
                         |--CalobryumG06
                         |    |--C. dentatumG06
                         |    `--C. indicumG06
                         `--HaplomitriumSF01
                              |--H. blumiiFHH01
                              |--H. gibbsiaeSF01
                              |--H. grolleiG06
                              |--H. hookeriSF01
                              `--H. kashyapiiG06

Marchantiophyta incertae sedis:
  MicrolepidoziaEB01
  Hepaticites Walton 1925BO02
    |--H. arcuatusBO02
    |--H. elegans Barale & Ouaja 2002BO02
    `--H. haiburnensisBO02
  LethocoleaF01
    |--L. congestaF01
    |--L. javanicaF01
    |--L. naruto-toganensis Furuki 2001F01
    `--L. pansa [incl. L. squamata]F01
  Codonia Dumortier 1822FT93
  Goebelobryum unguiculatumP05
  SchismaE03
    |--S. chilensisE03
    `--S. duraD03
  IsotachisE03
    |--I. ancepsE03
    |--I. bisbifidaE03
    |--I. giganteaM49
    |--I. intortifoliaM49
    |--I. madidaE03
    |--I. montanaM49
    |--I. quadrilobaE03
    |--I. spegazzinianaE03
    `--I. splendensE03
  LeioscyphusE03
    |--L. abnormisE03
    |--L. aequatusE03
    |--L. repensE03
    |--L. setistipusE03
    |--L. surrepensE03
    `--L. turgescensE03
  MastigobryumE03
    |--M. lechleriD03
    |--M. mooreanumM49
    |--M. novae-hollandiaeM49
    |--M. novae-zelandiaeD03
    `--M. peruvianumE03
  MadothecaE03
    |--M. gracilentaD03
    |--M. recurvaD03
    `--M. subsquarrosaE03
  Eulejeunea patagonicaD03
  Cryptomitrium tenerumD03
  Alobiella duseniiD03
  Androcryphia porphyrorrhiza Nees 1846 (see below for synonymy)E03
  BlepharostomaE03
    |--B. palmatumE03
    |--B. pilosum Evans 1898E03
    |--B. quadripartitum (Hooker) Trevis 1877 (see below for synonymy)E03
    `--B. trichophyllumM08
  MarsupidiumE03
    |--M. brecknockienseE03
    |--M. crystallinum (Massal.) Besch. & Massal. 1889 (see below for synonymy)E03
    `--M. urvilleanum (Mont.) Mitt. in Hooker 1867 (see below for synonymy)E03
  MyliaE03
    |--M. abdita (Sulliv.) Evans 1903 (see below for synonymy)E03
    `--M. chiloscyphoideus (see below for synonymy)E03
  Pigafettoa crenulata Massal. 1885E03
  Acolea concinnataE03
  Alicularia spathulifoliaE03
  BalantiopsisE03
    |--B. chilensisE03
    |--B. diplophyllumM49
    `--B. tumidaM49
  Brachiolejeunea spruceanaE03
  GottscheaE03
    |--G. gayanaE03
    |--G. laminigeraE03
    |--G. pachylaE03
    `--G. splachnophyllaE03
  Noteroclada confluensE03
  Goebeliella cornigera [=Frullania cornigera]H49
  Cuspidatula monodonM49
  Mastigolejeunea auriculata (see below for synonymy)DD07
    |--M. a. var. auriculataDD07
    `--M. a. var. ciliata (Awasthi & Udar) Daniels & Daniel 2007 [=M. humilis var. ciliata Awasthi & Udar 1984]DD07
  FimbriariaH04
    |--F. cubensisH04
    |--F. marginataH04
    |--F. sanguineaH04
    `--F. venosaH04
  LeiocoleaM08
    |--L. alpestrisM08
    |--L. badensisM08
    `--L. heterocolposM08
  Tritomaria exsectiformisM08
  BarbilophoziaM08
    |--B. barbataM08
    `--B. floerkeiN77
  Carpobolus Schwein. 1822KC01
  Herpocladium Mitt. 1873KC01
  Neesiella Schiffn. 1893KC01
  Poeltia Grolle 1966KC01
  Rupinia L. f. 1782KC01
  ‘Scopulina’ Dumort. 1882 non Lév. 1846KC01
  LepidolejeuneaLC20
    |--+--L. cordifissaLC20
    |  `--L. involutaLC20
    `--+--L. delessertiiLC20
       `--+--L. cuspidataLC20
          `--L. elutaLC20

Androcryphia porphyrorrhiza Nees 1846 [=Jungermannia porphyrorrhiza Nees 1833, Noteroclada porphyrorrhiza Mitt. 1874; incl. J. confluens Hooker & Taylor 1844, Androcryphia confluens Nees 1846]^E03

Blepharostoma quadripartitum (Hooker) Trevis 1877 [=Jungermannia quadripartita Hooker 1820, Temnomia quadripartita Mitt. 1877; incl. J. podophylla Ångström 1872]^E03

Marsupidium crystallinum (Massal.) Besch. & Massal. 1889 [=Gymnanthe crystallina Massal. 1885; incl. Abrobolbus excisus Schiffn. in Engler & Prantl 1893]^E03

Marsupidium urvilleanum (Mont.) Mitt. in Hooker 1867 [=Plagiochila urvilleana Mont. 1843, Acrobolbus urvilleanus Trevis. 1877, Gymnanthe urvilleana Taylor 1845, Jungermannia urvilleana Hooker & Taylor 1844, Scapania urvilleana Mont. 1844; incl. J. abbreviata Hooker & Taylor 1844, Plagiochila abbreviata Taylor 1847]^E03

Mastigolejeunea auriculata [=Jungermannia auriculata Wilson & Hooker 1841; incl. Phragmicoma humilis Gottsche in Gottsche et al. 1845, Mastigolejeunea humilis]^DD07

Mylia abdita (Sulliv.) Evans 1903 [=Plagiochila abdita Sulliv. in Hooker 1850; incl. Leioscyphus pallens Mitt. 1877]^E03

Mylia chiloscyphoideus [=Plagiochila chiloscyphoidea Lindenb. in Lehmann 1844, Leioscyphus chiloscyphoideus Mitt. 1860]^E03

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BO02] Barale, G., & M. Ouaja. 2002. La biodiversité végétale des gisements d’âge Jurassique supérieur-Crétacé inférieur de Merbah El Asfer (Sud-Tunisien). Cretaceous Research 23: 707–737.

[DD07] Daniels, A. E. D., & P. Daniel. 2007. Name changes in two Indian liverworts. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 231–232.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[EB01] Engel, J. J., & J. E. Braggins. 2001. Austral Hepaticae 34. The sporophyte of Neogrollea Hodgs. and the taxonomic position of Neogrolleaceae (Schust.) Engel & Braggins comb. & stat. nov. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 91: 173–204.

[E03] Evans, A. W. 1903. Hepaticae collected in southern Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 35–62. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[FHH01] Frey, W., M. Hofmann & H. H. Hilger. 2001. The gametophyte-sporophyte junction: unequivocal hints for two evolutionary lines of archegoniate land plants. Flora 196: 431–445.

[F01] Furuki, T. 2001. Lethocolea naruto-toganensis, a new hepatic from swamps of Japan. Bryologist 104 (2): 306–309.

[G06] Ghosh, J. P. 2006. A preliminary check-list of hepatics of West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48: 73–102.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H49] Hodgson, E. A. 1949. New Zealand Hepaticae (liverworts). VI. A review of the New Zealand species of the genus Frullania. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 361–389.

[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9^th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[LC20] Lee, G. E., F. L. Condamine, J. Bechteler, O. A. Pérez-Escobar, A. Scheben, A. Schäfer-Verwimp, T. Pócs & J. Heinrichs. 2020. An ancient tropical origin, dispersals via land bridges and Miocene diversification explain the subcosmopolitan disjunctions of the liverwort genus Lejeunea. Scientific Reports 10: 14123.

[M08] Marstaller, R. 2008. Moosgesellschaften am Südrand des Kyffhäusergebirges bei Bad Frankenhausen (Kyffhäuserkreis). 130. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thüringens. Mauritiana 20 (2): 289–348.

[M49] Martin, W. 1949. The bryophytes of Stewart Island.—Part I. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (2): 257–277.

[N77] Niedbała, W. 1977. Badania biocenotyczne nad mechowcami (Acari, Oribatei) Masywu Ślęży. Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polską Zachodnią, Seria C—Zoologia 30: 47–73.

[P05] Pinder, A. M. 2005. A review of biodiversity in wetlands with organic sediments on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, with an emphasis on aquatic invertebrates. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (3): 129–132.

Simpson, M. G. 2010. Plant Systematics. Academic Press.

[SF01] Stech, M., & W. Frey. 2001. CpDNA-relationship and classification of the liverworts (Hepaticophytina, Bryophyta). Nova Hedwigia 72 (1–2): 45–58.