Belongs within: Cercozoa.
Contains: Thaumatomonadida, Sarcomonadea, Euglyphida, Tectofilosida, Phaeodarea, Ebriacea.
The Thecofilosea are a lineage of mostly amoeboid protists, often with a robust extracellular theca (Adl et al. 2012). The Marimonadida lack a theca or scales and often have a gliding locomotion (Adl et al. 2019).
<==Monadofilosa (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: Katabia gromoviEDF04
| Verrucomonas longifilaDO17
| ZoelucasaC-S18
| ThaumatomonadidaAB19
|--MarimonadidaAB19
| |--Auranticordis quadriverberisDO17
| |--Pseudopirsonia mucosaAS12, BM05
| |--RhabdamoebaAB19
| |--AbolliferIT19
| | |--A. globosaWES23
| | `--A. prolabensIT19
| `--CyranomonasAB19
`--+--EoglissaC-S18
| |--MetromonadeaC-S18
| | |--Metromonas simplexDO17
| | |--KiitoksiaC-S18
| | `--Metopion [Metopiida, Metopiidae]AS12
| | `--M. fluensBM05
| `--Sainouroidea [Helkesida]AB19
| |--SainouridaeAB19
| | |--Sainouron mikroteronBM05
| | |--CholamonasC-S18
| | |--AcantholusAB19
| | `--HomocognataAB19
| `--HelkesimastigoideaC-S18
| |--HelkesimastixBM05 [HelkesimastigidaeC-S18]
| | `--H. faecicolaBM05
| `--Guttulinopsidae [Guttulinopsidaceae]C-S18
| |--RosculusC-S18
| |--OlivorumAB19
| |--PuppisamanAB19
| `--Guttulinopsis Olive 1901IT19, KC01
| `--G. vulgarisC-SCL15
`--+--+--SarcomonadeaIT19
| `--+--EuglyphidaIT19
| `--VariglissidaAB19
| |--Clautrivia biflagellataDO17
| |--Quadricilia rotunda (Skuja 1948)AB19, M00
| `--Nudifila Cavalier-Smith & Howe 2009DO17, AS12
| `--N. productaAS12
`--+--Spongomonadidae [Spongomonadea, Spongomonadida]AS12
| |--Rhipidodendron Stein 1878C-S93
| | `--R. splendidumH04
| `--Spongomonas Stein 1878DO17, C-S93
| |--S. minimaDO17
| `--S. uvellaC-SCO04
`--ThecofiloseaC-S18
|--TectofilosidaDO17
`--+--PhaeodareaIT19
`--EotheciaC-S18
|--+--Botuliforma benthicaDO17
| `--EbriaceaDO17
`--+--Mataza hastiferaDO17
`--Cryomonadida [Cryothecomonadidae, Protaspidae]DO17
|--ProtaspaDO17 [incl. Protaspis Skuja 1939 (preoc.)AS12, C-S93]
| |--‘Protaspis’ glans Skuja 1939S73
| |--P. obliquaDO17
| `--‘Protaspis’ tanyopsis Norris 1961S73
`--+--+--‘Protaspa’ grandisDO17
| `--Cryothecomonas longipesDO17
`--+--Cryothecomonas aestivalisDO17
`--RhogostomidaeDO17
|--Sacciforma Dumack, Öztoprak et al. 2017DO17
| `--*S. sacciformis (Hertwig & Lesser 1874) [=Plagiophrys sacciformis]DO17
|--Capsellina Penard 1909DO17, LT64
| `--*C. bryorum Penard 1909LT64
`--Rhogostoma Bělař 1921DO17
|--*R. schuessleri Bělař 1921LT64, DO17, LT64 [=Capsellina schuessleriLT64]
`--+--R. micraDO17
`--R. minusDO17
Monadofilosa [Filosea, Helkesea, Imbricatea, Placonuda, Silicofilosea, Thaumatomonadea, Thaumatomonadida, Thaumatomonadidea, Ventricleftida, Ventrofilosa]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AB19] Adl, S. M., D. Bass, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov, S. Agatha, C. Berney, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, P. Cárdenas, I. Čepička, L. Chistyakova, J. del Campo, M. Dunthorn, B. Edvardsen, Y. Eglit, L. Guillou, V. Hampl, A. A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, T. Y. James, A. Karnkowska, S. Karpov, E. Kim, M. Kolisko, A. Kudryavtsev, D. J. G. Lahr, E. Lara, L. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. Massana, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. Morrow, J. S. Park, J. W. Pawlowski, M. J. Powell, D. J. Richter, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, S. Shimano, F. W. Spiegel, G. Torruella, N. Youssef, V. Zlatogursky & Q. Zhang. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66: 4–119.
[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.
[BM05] Bass, D., D. Moreira, P. López-García, S. Polet, E. E. Chao, S. von der Heyden, J. Pawlowski & T. Cavalier-Smith. 2005. Polyubiquitin insertions and the phylogeny of Cercozoa and Rhizaria. Protist 156: 149–161.
[C-S93] Cavalier-Smith, T. 1993. The protozoan phylum Opalozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 40 (5): 609–615.
[C-S18] Cavalier-Smith, T. 2018. Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences. Protoplasma 255: 297–357.
[C-SCL15] Cavalier-Smith, T., E. E. Chao & R. Lewis. 2015. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: new cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 331–362.
[C-SCO04] Cavalier-Smith, T., E. E.-Y. Chao & B. Oates. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium. European Journal of Protistology 40: 21–48.
[DO17] Dumack, K., H. Öztoprak, L. Rüger & M. Bonkowski. 2017. Shedding light on the polyphyletic thecate amoeba genus Plagiophrys: transition of some of its species to Rhizaspis (Tectofilosida, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa) and the establishment of Sacciforma gen. nov. and Rhogostomidae fam. nov. (Cryomonadida, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa). Protist 168: 92–108.
[EDF04] Ekelund, F., N. Daugbjerg & L. Fredslund. 2004. Phylogeny of Heteromita, Cercomonas and Thaumatomonas based on SSU rDNA sequences, including the description of Neocercomonas jutlandica sp. nov., gen. nov. European Journal of Protistology 40: 119–135.
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[IT19] Irwin, N. A. T., D. V. Tikhonenkov, E. Hehenberger, A. P. Mylnikov, F. Burki & P. J. Keeling. 2019. Phylogenomics supports the monophyly of the Cercozoa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 416–423.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.
[M00] Mikrjukov, K. A. 2000. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa. II. The order Dimorphida Siemensma, 1991 (Cercomonadea classis n.): diversity and relatedness with cercomonads. Acta Protozoologica 39: 99–115.
[S73] Sournia, A. 1973. Catalogue des espèces et taxons infraspécifiques de Dinoflagellés marins actuels publiés depuis la révision de J. Schiller. I. Dinoflagellés libres. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 48: 1–92.
[WES23] Weston, E. J., Y. Eglit & A. G. B. Simpson. 2023. Kaonashia insperata gen. et sp. nov., a eukaryotrophic flagellate, represents a novel major lineage of heterotrophic stramenopiles. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 71: e13003.