Belongs within: Orchidaceae.
Contains: Orchidoideae, Epidendroideae.
The Monandrae are a major clade of orchids united by polygonal leaf abaxial epidermal cells, loss of the lateral inner stamens, porate pollen, finger-shaped or prosenchymatic stigma receptive cells, and presence of a viscidium (Freudenstein & Rasmussen 1999). They include the bulk of orchid species, excluding only the basal apostasioids and cypripedioids.
<==Monandrae [Erythrodeae, Neottieae]FR99
| i. s.: Physurus pictusT-W89
|--+--OrchidoideaeRG07
| `--+--EpidendroideaeRG07
| `--Cryptostylis [Cryptostylidinae]FR99
| |--C. erectaC70
| |--C. leptochilaG84
| |--C. ovataGK00
| `--C. subulataHE80
`--Vanilloideae [Vanilleae]RG07
|--VanillinaeA86
| | i. s.: EriaxisA86
| | GaleolaA86
| | |--G. kuhliiP03
| | `--G. nudifoliaP03
| |--VanillaRG07
| | |--V. fragransS00
| | `--V. planifoliaH93
| `--+--EpistephiumFR99
| `--Lecanorchis [Lecanorchidinae]FR99
`--Pogoniinae [Pogonieae]RG07
|--CleistesA86
|--DuckeellaA86
|--PogoniopsisA86
|--Corysanthes pruinosaC06, H86
|--IsotriaA86
| |--I. medeoloidesV72
| `--I. verticillataDS04
`--Pogonia ophioglossoidesV72
|--P. o. f. ophioglossoidesV72
`--P. o. f. albifloraV72
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A86] Atwood, J. T. 1986. The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids. Selbyana 9: 171–186.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[C70] CSIRO. 1970. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers, Melbourne University Press.
[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.
[FR99] Freudenstein, J. V., & F. N. Rasmussen. 1999. What does morphology tell us about orchid relationships?—a cladistic analysis. American Journal of Botany 86: 225–248.
[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).
[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.
[H86] Hamilton, A. G. 1886. List of the Orchideae of the Mudgee district. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (3): 865–878.
[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).
[P03] Partomihardjo, T. 2003. Colonisation of orchids on the Krakatau Islands. Telopea 10 (1): 299–310.
[RG07] Ramírez, S. R., B. Gravendeel, R. B. Singer, C. R. Marshall & N. E. Pierce. 2007. Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator. Nature 448: 1042–1045.
[S00] Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects 2nd ed. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).
[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.
[V72] Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium.